1、Designation: E 1534 93 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Ash Content of Particulate Wood Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of ash ex-pressed as the percent of residue remaining after dry oxi
3、dationof particulate wood fuels. Particulate wood fuels are defined inTerminology E 1126.1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associ
4、ated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3180 Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analysesfrom
5、As-Determined to Different BasesE 871 Method for Moisture Analysis of Particulate WoodFuelsE 1126 Terminology Relating to Biomass Fuels33. Terminology3.1 For additional information, see Terminology E 1126.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Ash content is determined by establishing the weightloss of the sa
6、mple when heated under rigidly controlledconditions of temperature, time, sample weight, and equipmentspecifications.5. Significance and Use5.1 The ash content determines the weight of the noncom-bustible part of a particulate wood fuel that oxidizes during acombustion process but releases no energy
7、.6. Apparatus6.1 Crucibles, having a capacity of 30 mL or more. Silica orporcelain materials are acceptable.6.2 Muffle FurnaceAn electric furnace is recommendedfor igniting the wood sample. A furnace fitted with an indicat-ing pyrometer, so that the desired temperature can be main-tained, is prefera
8、ble.6.3 Analytical Balance, sensitive to 0.1 mg.7. Procedure7.1 Obtain a 2-g sample of the wood to be tested using thetechniques outlined in Method E 871.7.2 Ignite the empty crucible over a burner, and cool it in adesiccator.7.3 Determine the weight of the crucible to the nearest 0.1mg.7.4 Place th
9、e 2-g sample of the wood in the crucible, anddetermine the weight of the sample and crucible.7.5 Place the sample in a cold muffle furnace. Turn on themuffle furnace, and slowly heat the furnace to a temperature of580 to 600C. Avoid heating above this maximum.7.6 Remove the ash and crucible to a des
10、iccator, cool, andweigh to the nearest 0.1 mg. Repeat the heating for 30 minperiods until the weight of the ash and crucible after cooling isconstant to within 0.2 mg.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the percent ash in the sample as follows:ash in sample, % 5 W22 WC!/W12 WC! 3 100 (1)where:WC= weight of
11、the crucible,W1= weight of the sample and crucible, andW2= weight of the ash and crucible.9. Report9.1 Report the results to two decimal places as ash content,wet basis.9.2 Use Practice D 3180 and Method E 871 to convert theresults to other bases.10. Precision and Bias10.1 The following criteria sho
12、uld be used for judging theacceptability of the results:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 onBiotechnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E48.05 on BiomassConversion.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in
13、 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 1534 93 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM web
14、site.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.10.1.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same labora-tory should not be considered suspect unless they differ bymore than 0.5 %.10.1.2 ReproducibilityThe results sub
15、mitted by two ormore laboratories should not be considered suspect unless theydiffer by more than 1.0 %.11. Keywords11.1 ash; biomass; wood fuelASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of t
16、his standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five y
17、ears andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical comm
18、ittee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 1534 93 (2006)2
