ASTM E1547-2009 Standard Terminology Relating to Industrial and Specialty Chemicals《工业和特别化学品的相关标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation: E 1547 09Standard Terminology Relating toIndustrial and Specialty Chemicals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1547; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This standard covers terminology relating to industrialand specialty chemicals. It is intended to provide an under-standing of terms common
3、ly used in test methods, practices,and specifications throughout the industry.NOTE 1The boldface numbers following each definition refer to E15standards in which the definition appears. Lightface numbers refer to theE15 subcommittee having jurisdiction.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 89
4、1 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, ofLiquid Industrial ChemicalsE70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass ElectrodeE 180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTMMethods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-cialty ChemicalsE 200 Practice for Preparation, St
5、andardization, and Stor-age of Standard and Reagent Solutions for ChemicalAnalysisE 201 Test Method for Calculation ofVolume andWeight ofIndustrial Chemical Liquids (Discontinued 2001)3E 222 Test Methods for Hydroxyl Groups Using AceticAnhydride AcetylationE 223 Test Methods for Analysis of Sulfuric
6、 AcidE 224 Test Methods for Analysis of Hydrochloric AcidE 234 Test Method for Total Bromine Number of Unsatur-ated Aliphatic Chemicals3E 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE 324 Test Method for Relative Initial and Final MeltingPoints and the Melting Range of Organic Chemicals(Discontinu
7、ed 2001)3E 326 Test Method for Hydroxyl Groups by Phthalic Anhy-dride Esterification (Discontinued 2001)3E 335 Test Method for Hydroxyl Groups by PyromelliticDianhydride Esterification3E 347 Test Method for Ash in Polybasic Acids3E 410 Test Method for Moisture and Residue in LiquidChlorineE 1899 Tes
8、t Method for Hydroxyl Groups Using Reactionwith p-Toluenesulfonyl Isocyanate (TSI) and Potentiomet-ric Titration with Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:accuracythe agreement between an experimentally deter-mined value and the accepted reference value. In chemicalwork, this te
9、rm is frequently used to express freedom frombias, but in other fields it assumes a broader meaning as ajoint index of precision and bias. To avoid confusion, theterm bias will be used in appraising of the systematic errorof test methods for industrial chemicals. See also bias.E 180, E15.04ashthe re
10、sidual inorganic matter obtained on ignition of asample in air at a specified temperature. E 347, E15.51Baum gravitya unit of density based on specific gravityand defined by the following equation:Baum gravity 5 145 2145/sp gr at 15.5/15.5C 60/60F! (1)See also density and specific gravity. E 223, E
11、224,E 324, E15.51biasa constant or systematic error as opposed to a randomerror. It manifests itself as a persistent positive or negativedeviation of the method average from the accepted reference1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E15 onIndustrial and Specialty Chemicals a
12、nd is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE15.01 on General Standards.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 1547 - 99(2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcon
13、tact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at
14、 the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.value. See also accuracy. E 180, E15.04bromine number, totalnumber of centigrams of bromineequivalent to the total unsaturation present in1gofsample.It is a mea
15、sure of the total ethylenic unsaturation present inthe designated aliphatic compound. E 234, E15.22coefficient of variationa measure of relative precisioncalculated as the standard deviation of a series of valuesdivided by their average. It is often multiplied by 100 andexpressed as a percentage. E
16、180, E15.04densitythe mass of a unit volume of a material at a specifiedtemperature. The units shall be stated, such as grams permillilitre, grams per cubic centimetre, pounds per cubic foot,or other. The form of the expression shall be the following:Density at x .where x = temperature of the materi
17、al, in , for ex-ample, C. See also Baumgravity and specific gravity. E 201, E15.23density (of gases)the mass of a unit volume of a gas at astated temperature and pressure. The units shall be stated.The form of expression shall be the following:Density at x, ywhere:x = temperature of the gas units, f
18、or example, C, andy = pressure of the gas (units, for example, kPa). E 12,E15.23density, apparentthe weight in air of a unit volume of amaterial at a specified temperature. The units shall be stated.The form of expression shall be the following:Apparent density at xwhere x = temperature of the mater
19、ial, in , for ex-ample, C. E 201, E15.23duplicatestwo independent determinations performed byone analyst in a short period of time, for example, one day.E 180, E15.04errorin a statistical sense, any deviation of an observedvalue from the true, but generally unknown, value. Whenexpressed as a fractio
20、n or percentage of the value measured,it is called a relative error.All statements of precision or biasshould indicate clearly whether they are expressed in abso-lute or relative sense. E 180, E15.04error, randomthe chance variation encountered in all ex-perimental work despite the closest possible
21、control ofvariables. It is characterized by the random occurrence ofboth positive and negative deviations from the mean valuefor the method, the algebraic average of which will approachzero in a long series of measurements. E 180, E15.04hydroxyl numberthe milligrams of potassium hydroxideequivalent
22、to the hydroxyl content of1gofsample. In thecase of a pure compound, the hydroxyl number is inverselyproportional to the hydroxyl equivalent weight:equivalent weight g/equivalent!556100/hydroxyl number (2)E 222, E 326, E 335, E 1889, E15.22increments (solid sample)portions of material selectedfrom v
23、arious parts of a lot, which may be tested individuallyor composited and tested as a unit. E 300, E15.05lot (solid sample)a discrete quantity of material. It maycontain a single batch or several batches or be the product ofcontinuous process broken into units on the basis of time orshipment. It is v
24、ery desirable that individual batches in a lotbe specifically identified so that they may become individualor stratified units for inspection. E 300, E15.05melting point, finalthe temperature at which the last crystaldisappears into the melt. E 324, E15.23melting point, initialthe temperature at whi
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