1、Designation: E1549/E1549M 13 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Specification forESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms andControlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardousand Hazardous Operations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1549/E1549M; the number immediately followin
2、g the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This document specif
3、ies special items of clothing(cleanroom garments) designed to protect aerospace productsfrom electrostatic discharge and from contaminants released bypersonnel and garments. Special clothing includes low lintingcoveralls, footwear, and head covers.1.2 The function of cleanroom garments is to contain
4、 thecontaminants generated by people and to minimize contami-nants from the garments.1.3 Two types of fabrics can be selected for the garments.Both types are inherently static-dissipative materials to preventelectrical discharges that can damage sensitive hardware orinitiate explosions in the presen
5、ce of flammable vapors. Thematerial specified for “hazardous environments” is flameresistant and provides additional protection to the wearer.Selection of garment design and fabric should be based on theusers needs with respect to functional and environmentalrequirements.1.4 Additional background in
6、formation can be found inSD-TR-91-26 and IEST-RP-CC003.3.1.5 This standard is intended to be in compliance with theASTM policy on Fire Standards.2Flammability tests specifiedin this standard should be used to measure and describe theproperties of fabrics in response to heat and flame undercontrolled
7、 laboratory conditions and should not be used todescribe or appraise the fabrics under actual fire conditions.However, results of the tests may be used as elements of a firerisk assessment which takes into account all of the factorswhich are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard ofoperations
8、 in controlled environment areas.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems m
9、ay result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regul
10、atory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD204 Test Methods for Sewing ThreadsD1683 Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of WovenApparel FabricsD1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients ofFriction of Plastic Film and S
11、heetingD2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in TextilesD5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Grab Test)D6193 Practice for Stitches and SeamsD737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile FabricsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE1
12、76 Terminology of Fire StandardsE535 Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Stan-dardsE1560 Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Non-volatile Residue From Cleanroom WipersF51 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particulate Con-taminant In and On Clean Room GarmentsF739 Test Method fo
13、r Permeation of Liquids and Gasesthrough Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions ofContinuous Contact1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on SpaceSimulation and Applications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E21.05 on Contaminat
14、ion.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1549 13. DOI:10.1520/E1549_E1549M-13R16.2ASTM Fire Standards and Related Technical Material; 7th Edition, June 2007,ISBN13: 978-0-8031-5684-5, available on reques
15、t from ASTM Headquarters, 100Barr Harbor Dr., PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194282959.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Su
16、mmary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F1506 Performance Specification for Flame Resistant andArc Rated Textile Materials for Wearing Apparel for Useby Electrical Workers Exposed to Momentary Ele
17、ctricArcand Related Thermal Hazards2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:4CFR Title 16 Part 1610 Standard for the Flammability ofClothing TextilesA-A 50195 Thread, AramidFED-STD-209E Airborne Particulate Cleanliness Classes inCleanrooms and Clean Zones2.3 U.S. Department of Defense:MIL-C-43122G Cloth, Sateen,
18、Cotton, Flame RetardantTreated5MIL-DTL-43685C Webbing and Tape, Textile, Aramid Fi-ber5MIL-STD-3010B Test Procedures for Packaging Materials5SD-TR-89-63 Standard Methods for Measurement of Non-volatile Residue on Surfaces, E. N. Borson, E. J. Watts, G.A. To; U.S. Air Force, Space Systems Division, 1
19、0 Aug.19896SD-TR-91-26 Garment Selection for Cleanrooms and Con-trolled Environments for Spacecraft, E. J. Watts, U.S. AirForce, Space Systems Division, 1 April 199162.4 NASA:KSC-SPEC-P-0016 Specification for Minimum Require-ments for Garment Snap Fastener7KSC-MMA-1985-79, Revision 6, Standard Test
20、Method forEvaluating Triboelectric Charge Generation and Decay7NASA-STD-6001 Flammability, Offgassing, and Compat-ibility Requirements and Test Procedures, Upward FlamePropagation Test (Test 1)82.5 Others:ANSI/ESD S20.20 Standard For the Development of anElectrostatic Discharge Control Program for P
21、rotection ofElectrical and Electronic Parts, Assemblies and Equip-ment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive De-vices)9ESD ADV1.0-2009 ESD Association Advisory for Electro-static Discharge Terminology, Glossary9IEST-RP-CC-003.3 Garments Required In Cleanrooms AndControlled Environment Areas10I
22、EST-RP-CC022.2 Electrostatic Charge in Cleanrooms andOther Controlled Environments10NFPA 70E Electrical Safety in the Workplace112.6 International Standards:12ISO 14644-1 Cleanrooms and Associated ControlledEnvironments, Classification of Air CleanlinessISO 14644-2 Cleanrooms and Associated Controll
23、edEnvironments-Specifications for testing and monitoring toprove continued compliance with ISO 14644-13. Terminology3.1 Terminology related to textiles is based on TerminologyD123. Terminology related to fire safety is based on Terminol-ogy E176.3.2 General Definitions:3.2.1 cleanroom, nan area in w
24、hich the airborne particleconcentrations, temperature, humidity, molecular species,pressure, activities, and other environmental parameters arecontrolled, as required, to produce acceptable products.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe use of HEPA, or better, filters areusually required for the incoming air, and t
25、he maximumallowable airborne particle concentrations are specified inaccordance with the ISO 14644 standards.3.2.2 electrostatic discharge, ESD, na high voltage elec-trical discharge that occurs when electrical charges accumulateon or in materials as a result of friction between materials.3.2.3 fibe
26、r, na particle with a length to diameter ratio often or more. (See textile fibers.)3.2.4 gloss, na shiny or lustrous appearance resultingfrom the tendency of a surface to reflect light at one angle morethan at others.3.2.5 HEPA (high effciency particulate air) filter, na filterfor air with a removal
27、 efficiency in excess of 99.97 % for0.3-m particles.3.2.6 NVR (nonvolatile residue), nquantity of residualsoluble, suspended, and particulate matter remaining after thecontrolled evaporation of a volatile liquid at a specifiedtemperature.3.2.6.1 DiscussionThe liquid is usually filtered through amemb
28、rane filter, of a specified size, before evaporation. Theprocess used to determine the NVR may affect the quantitativemeasurement. Process factors include filter size, solvent, andthe evaporation temperature and atmosphere. For this reason,the process must be defined. The NVR of fabrics is determine
29、dby extracting a specified quantity of fabric using a specifiedsolvent. The solvent is then evaporated to determine the NVRextracted from the fabric. See extractable matter, 3.3.7, whichis frequently used to describe NVR in fabrics.3.2.7 particle, na solid or liquid object generally between0.001 and
30、 1000 m (1 mm) in size.3.2.8 U.S. Customary Units System, USCS, nThe systemof units in common use in the United States. This is frequentlycalled the “inch-pound system.”3.3 Fabric Definitions:4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.5Available from U.S. Natick Research Develop
31、ment and Engineering Center,Natick, MA 07160-5014.6Reprints available from The Aerospace Corporation Library, P.O. Box 92957,El Segundo, CA 90009.7NASATechnical Standards Program Office, ED10, MSFC, AL, 35812; Online,available: https:/standards.nasa.gov/documents/ksc8NASA Technical Standards Program
32、 Office, ED10, MSFC, AL 35812; Online,available: https:/standards.nasa.gov/documents/nasa.9Available from Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3,Rome, NY 13440.10Available from the Institute of Environmental Sciences, 940 E. NorthwestHighway, Mount Prospect, IL 60056.11Availabl
33、e from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.12Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd. St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. These standards supersede FED-STD-209E. Thelatter may still be used if mutual
34、ly agreed to by customer and supplier.E1549/E1549M 13 (2016)23.3.1 count, nin woven textiles, the number of warp yarns(ends) and filling yarns (picks) per unit distance as countedwhile the fabric is held under zero tension and is free of foldsand wrinkles.3.3.2 Dacron, nDuPont registered trademark f
35、or itspolyester fiber.3.3.3 Delrin, nDuPont trade name for a crystalline formof polymerized formaldehyde.3.3.4 denier, na direct numbering system for expressinglinear density, equal to the mass in grams per 9000 m of yarn,filament, fiber, or other textile strand.3.3.5 drycleaning, ncleaning fabrics
36、in a substantiallynonaqueous liquid medium.3.3.5.1 DiscussionPerchloroethylene is typically used.3.3.6 end, nan individual warp yarn (single or ply) orcord.3.3.7 extractable matter, nnonfibrous material in or on atextile, not including water, which is removable by a specifiedsolvent or solvents, as
37、directed in a specified procedure. SeeNVR, 3.2.6.3.3.8 textile fiber, n(1) generala generic term for the various types of matterthat form the basic elements of textile fabrics and other textilestructures.(2) specifica unit of matter that is characterized byhaving a length at least 100 times its diam
38、eter or width andwhich can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric byinterlacing in a variety of methods, including knitting,braiding, felting, and twisting.3.3.9 filament, na variety of fiber having extreme length,not readily measured.3.3.9.1 DiscussionSynthetic fibers formed from man-made and na
39、tural polymers are in this class.3.3.10 filling, nyarn running from selvage to selvage atright angles to the warp in a woven fabric.3.3.11 float, nthe portion of a warp or filling yarn thatextends unbound over two or more filling or warp yarns.3.3.12 foreign object debris (FOD), na substance, debris
40、or article which is alien to a vehicle or system which wouldpotentially cause damage.3.3.13 laundering, na process used to refurbish a textileproduct by (1) cleaning it in water containing a detergent orsurfactant and (2) drying it.3.3.13.1 DiscussionLaundering for cleanroom garmentsrequires the use
41、 of water, cleaning agents, environmentalcontrol, and packaging so that the garments are compatiblewith the final product cleanliness requirements.3.3.14 lint, nfiber fragments abraded from textile materi-als; also loose short fibers or fluff.3.3.15 Nomex, na synthetic aramid fiber manufacturedby Du
42、Pont that meets the requirements of NASA TechnicalStandard, NASA-STD-6001, Test 1 for flame retardancy.3.3.16 nylon, na manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long chain synthetic polyamide in whichless than 85 % of the amide linkages are attached directly totwo aromatic rings.
43、3.3.17 polyester, na manufactured fiber in which thefiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymercomposed of at least 85 % by weight of an ester of a substitutedaromatic carboxylic acid, including but not restricted to sub-stituted terephthalate units, and para-substituted hydroxy-benz
44、oate units.3.3.18 porosity, nthe ratio of the volume of air or voidcontained within the boundaries of a material to the totalvolume (solid matter plus air or void) expressed as a percent-age.3.3.19 selvage, nthe woven edge portion of a fabricparallel to the warp.3.3.20 sewn seam, na juncture of whic
45、h two or moreplanar structures such as textile fabrics, are joined by sewing,usually near the edge.3.3.21 static dissipative fabric, nan inherently static con-trol fabric with surface resistivity between 105ohms per squareand not more than 109ohms per square.3.3.21.1 DiscussionThe ESD Association de
46、fines the up-per limit for static dissipative materials as not more than 1012ohms per square13and the acceptable upper limit for staticcontrol garments as not more than 1011ohms per square.143.3.22 stitch, nin sewn seams, the repeated unit formed bythe sewing thread(s) in the production of seams.3.3
47、.23 Teflon, nDuPont trade name for polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE) polymer fiber. It is chemically resistant anddoes not absorb moisture.3.3.24 twill weave, na weave characterized by diagonallines produced by a series of floats staggered in the warpdirection. Floats are normally formed by the fillin
48、g (a filling-faced twill).3.3.25 warp, n(1) the yarn running lengthwise in a wovenfabric. (2) a group of yarns in long lengths and approximatelyparallel, put on beams or warp reels for further textile process-ing including weaving, knitting, twisting, dyeing, and so forth.3.3.26 woven fabric, na str
49、ucture produced when at leasttwo sets of strands are interlaced, usually at right angles to eachother, according to a predetermined pattern of interlacing, andsuch that at least one set is parallel to the axis along thelengthwise direction of the fabric.3.3.27 yarn, na generic term for a continuous strand oftextile fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable forknitting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textilefabric.13ESD ADV1.0-2009 ESD Association Advisory for Electrostatic DischargeTerminology, Glossary.14A
