1、Designation: E 1549 06Standard Specification forESD Controlled Garments Required in Cleanrooms andControlled Environments for Spacecraft for Non-Hazardousand Hazardous Operations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1549; the number immediately following the designation indicates th
2、e year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This document specifies special items of clothing
3、(cleanroom garments) designed to protect aerospace productsfrom electrostatic discharge and from contaminants released bypersonnel and garments. Special clothing includes low lintingcoveralls, footwear, and head covers.1.2 The function of cleanroom garments is to contain thecontaminants generated by
4、 people and to minimize contami-nants from the garments.1.3 Two types of fabrics can be selected for the garments.Both types are inherently static-dissipative materials to preventelectrical discharges that can damage sensitive hardware orinitiate explosions in the presence of flammable vapors. Thema
5、terial specified for “hazardous environments” is flameresistant and provides additional protection to the wearer.Selection of garment design and fabric should be based on theusers needs with respect to functional and environmentalrequirements.1.4 Additional, background information can be found inSD-
6、TR-91-26 and IES-RP-CC003.2.1.5 This standard is intended to be in compliance with theASTM policy on Fire Standards.2Flammability tests specifiedin this standard should be used to measure and describe theproperties of fabrics in response to heat and flame undercontrolled laboratory conditions and sh
7、ould not be used todescribe or appraise the fabrics under actual fire conditions.However, results of the tests may be used as elements of a firerisk assessment which takes into account all of the factorswhich are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard ofoperations in controlled environment ar
8、eas.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 The val
9、ues stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information pur-poses only but are hard conversions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 204 Test Methods for Sewing ThreadsD 1863 Specification for Mineral Aggre
10、gate Used onBuilt-Up RoofsD 1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients ofFriction of Plastic Film and SheetingE 96/E 96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 535 Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response Stan-dardsE 1560 Test Method
11、 for Gravimetric Determination of Non-volatile Residue From Cleanroom WipersF51 Test Method for Sizing and Counting ParticulateContaminant In and On Clean Room GarmentsF 739 Test Method for Resistance of Protective ClothingMaterials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under Con-ditions of Continuous C
12、ontact2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:4FED-SPEC-191 Textile Test MethodFED STD A-A 50195 Thread AramidFED-STD-209E Airborne Particulate Cleanliness Classes inCleanrooms and Clean ZonesFED-STD-751a Stitches, Seams, and Stitchings1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on SpaceS
13、imulation and Applications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E 1549 95 (2000)e1.2ASTM Fire Test Standards, 4
14、th Edition, Dec. 1993, available on request fromASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA194282959.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inform
15、ation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from U.S. General Services Administration, Washington, DC.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.3 U.S. Department of Defense:MIL-C-43122E C
16、loth, Sateen, Cotton, Flame RetardantTreated5MIL-C-43339D Coveralls, Industrial: Lint-Free, 7 Nov.19885MIL-W-43685B Webbing and Tape, Textile, Aramid Fiber,20 Sept. 19895SD-TR-89-63 Standard Methods for Measurement of Non-volatile Residue on Surfaces, E. N. Borson, E. J. Watts, G.A. To; U.S. Air For
17、ce, Space Systems Division, 10 Aug.19896SD-TR-91-26 Garment Selection for Cleanrooms and Con-trolled Environments for Spacecraft, E. J. Watts, U.S. AirForce, Space Systems Division, 1 April 19916AGMC/MAQC-335c “Personnel Garments, ElectrostaticDischarge (ESD) Requirements for the Protection of ESDSe
18、nsitive Items72.4 NASA:MMA-1985-79, Revision 2, Standard Test Method forEvaluating Triboelectric Charge Generation and Decay8GP-1098 STS Safety, Reliability, and Quality AssuranceGround Safety Plan, Launch Complex 39, KSC IndustrialArea9NHB 8060.1 C, NASA Handbook, Flammability, Odor,Offgassing, and
19、 Compatibility Requirements and TestProcedures for Materials in Environments that SupportCombustion, April 2, 1991, Upward Flame PropagationTest (Test 1)102.5 Others:NFPA #702-1980 Standard for Classification of the Flam-mability of Wearing Apparel11IES-RP-CC-003.2 Garments Required In Cleanrooms An
20、dControlled Environment Areas122.6 International Standards:ISO 14644-1 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Envi-ronments, Classification of Air Cleanliness13ISO 14644-2 Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Envi-ronments, Cleanliness Levels133. Terminology3.1 Terminology related to textiles is based
21、 on TerminologyD 123. Terminology related to fire safety is based on Termi-nology E 176.3.2 General Definitions:3.2.1 cleanroom, nan area in which the airborne particleconcentrations, temperature, humidity, molecular species, pres-sure, activities, and other environmental parameters are con-trolled,
22、 as required, to produce acceptable products.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe use of HEPA, or better, filters areusually required for the incoming air, and the maximumallowable airborne particle concentrations are specified inaccordance with the ISO 14644 standards.3.2.2 electrostatic discharge, ESD, na high v
23、oltage elec-trical discharge that occurs when electrical charges accumulateon or in materials as a result of friction between materials.3.2.3 fiber, na particle with a length to diameter ratio often or more. (See textile fibers.)3.2.4 gloss, na shiny or lustrous appearance resultingfrom the tendency
24、 of a surface to reflect light at one angle morethan at others.3.2.5 HEPA (high effciency particulate air) filter, na filterfor air with a removal efficiency in excess of 99.97 % for0.3-m particles.3.2.6 NVR (nonvolatile residue), nquantity of residualsoluable, suspended, and particulate matter rema
25、ining after thecontrolled evaporation of a volatile liquid at a specifiedtemperature.3.2.6.1 DiscussionThe liquid is usually filtered through amembrane filter, of a specified size, before evaporation. Theprocess used to determine the NVR may affect the quantitativemeasurement. Process factors includ
26、e filter size, solvent, andthe evaporation temperature and atmosphere. For this reason,the process must be defined. The NVR of fabrics is determinedby extracting a specified quantity of fabric using a specifiedsolvent. The solvent is then evaporated to determine the NVRextracted from the fabric. See
27、 extractable matter, 3.3.7, whichis frequently used to describe NVR in fabrics.3.2.7 particle, na solid or liquid object generally between0.001 and 1000 m (1 mm) in size.3.2.8 U.S. Customary Units System, USCS, nThe systemof units in common use in the United States. This is frequentlycalled the “inc
28、h-pound system.”3.3 Fabric Definitions:3.3.1 count, nin woven textiles, the number of warp yarns(ends) and filling yarns (picks) per unit distance as countedwhile the fabric is held under zero tension and is free of foldsand wrinkles.3.3.2 Dacront, nDuPont registered trademark for itspolyester fiber
29、.3.3.3 Delrint, nDuPont trade name for a crystalline formof polymerized formaldehyde.3.3.4 denier, na direct numbering system for expressinglinear density, equal to the mass in grams per 9000 m of yarn,filament, fiber, or other textile strand.3.3.5 drycleaning, ncleaning fabrics in a substantiallyno
30、naqueous liquid medium.3.3.5.1 DiscussionPerchloroethylene is typically used.3.3.6 end, nan individual warp yarn (single or ply) orcord.5Available from U.S. Natick Research Development and Engineering Center,Natick, MA 07160-5014.6Reprints available from The Aerospace Corporation Library, P.O. Box 9
31、2957,El Segundo, CA 90009.7Aerospace Guidance and Metrology Center, U.S. Air Force, Neward AFS,Ohio, 22 Feb. 1989.8NASA Kennedy Space Center, Materials Testing Branch, 15 July 1988.9NASA Kennedy Space Center.10Office of Safety and Mission Quality (Code QR), NASA Headquarters,Washington, DC 20546.11A
32、vailable from National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park,Quincy, MA 02269.12Available from the Institute of Environmental Sciences, 940 E. NorthwestHighway, Mount Prospect, IL 60056.13Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd. St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 100
33、36. These standards supersede FED-STD-209E. Thelatter may still be used if mutually agreed to be customer and supplier.E15490623.3.7 extractable matter, nnonfibrous material in or on atextile, not including water, which is removable by a specifiedsolvent or solvents, as directed in a specified proce
34、dure. SeeNVR, 3.2.6.3.3.8 textile fiber, n(1) generala generic term for thevarious types of matter that form the basic elements of textilefabrics and other textile structures.(2) specifica unit of matter that is characterized by havinga length at least 100 times its diameter or width and which canbe
35、 spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by interlacing in avariety of methods, including knitting, braiding, felting, andtwisting.3.3.9 filament, na variety of fiber having extreme length,not readily measured.3.3.9.1 DiscussionSynthetic fibers formed from man-made and natural polymers are in this cl
36、ass.3.3.10 filling, nyarn running from selvage to selvage atright angles to the warp in a woven fabric.3.3.11 float, nthe portion of a warp or filling yarn thatextends unbound over two or more filling or warp yarns.3.3.12 laundering, na process used to refurbish a textileproduct by (1) cleaning it i
37、n water containing a detergent orsurfactant and (2) drying it.3.3.12.1 DiscussionLaundering for cleanroom garmentsrequires the use of water, cleaning agents, environmentalcontrol, and packaging so that the garments are compatiblewith the final product cleanliness requirements.3.3.13 lint, nfiber fra
38、gments abraded from textile materi-als; also loose short fibers or fluff.3.3.14 -Nomext, na synthetic aramid fiber manufacturedby DuPont that meets the requirements of NASA Handbook,NHB 8060.1C, Test 1 for flame retardancy.3.3.15 nylon, na manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a
39、 long chain synthetic polyamide in whichless than 85 % of the amide linkages,CNH|O (1)are attached directly to two aromatic rings.3.3.16 polyester, na manufactured fiber in which thefiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymercomposed of at least 85 % by weight of an ester of a substi
40、tutedaromatic carboxylic acid, including but not restricted to sub-stituted terephthalate units,p ROCC6H4CO!| |O O (2)and para substituted hydroxy-benzoate units,p ROC6H4CO!|O (3)3.3.17 porosity, nthe ratio of the volume of air or voidcontained within the boundaries of a material to the totalvolume
41、(solid matter plus air or void) expressed as a percent-age.3.3.18 selvage, nthe woven edge portion of a fabricparallel to the warp.3.3.19 sewn seam, na juncture of which two or moreplanar structures such as textile fabrics, are joined by sewing,usually near the edge.3.3.20 static dissipative fabric,
42、 nan inherently static con-trol fabric with surface resistivity between 105ohms per squareand not more than 109ohms per square.3.3.21 stitch, nin sewn seams, the repeated unit formed bythe sewing thread(s) in the production of seams.3.3.22 Teflont, nDuPont trade name for tetrafluoroethyl-ene polymer
43、 fiber. It is chemically resistant and does not absorbmoisture.3.3.23 twill weave, na weave characterized by diagonallines produced by a series of floats staggered in the warpdirection. Floats are normally formed by the filling (a filling-faced twill).3.3.24 warp, n(1) the yarn running lengthwise in
44、 a wovenfabric. (2) a group of yarns in long lengths and approximatelyparallel, put on beams or warp reels for further textile process-ing including weaving, knitting, twisting, dyeing, and so forth.3.3.25 woven fabric, na structure produced when at leasttwo sets of strands are interlaced, usually a
45、t right angles to eachother, according to a predetermined pattern of interlacing, andsuch that at least one set is parallel to the axis along thelengthwise direction of the fabric.3.3.26 yarn, na generic term for a continuous strand oftextile fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable forknit
46、ting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textilefabric.3.3.27 yarn number, na measure of the fineness or size ofa yarn expressed either as mass per unit length (direct system)or as length per unit mass (indirect system).3.3.27.1 DiscussionThe kg/m (denier) system is a directone, and denote
47、s the linear density of the yarn.3.4 Fire Safety Definitions:3.4.1 flame, na hot, usually luminous, zone of gas that isundergoing combustion.3.4.1.1 DiscussionThe luminosity of a flame is frequentlycaused by the presence of glowing particulate matter sus-pended in the hot gases.3.4.2 flame resistanc
48、e, nthe ability to withstand flameimpingement or give protection from it.3.4.2.1 DiscussionTextiles are tested in accordance withthe National Fire Protection Association Standard #702-1980,under the classification of wearing apparel.3.4.3 hazardous, adjof or involving danger of injury orloss of life
49、 resulting from exposure to a potentially dangerousenvironment.3.4.3.1 DiscussionThe primary hazard of concern in thisspecification is the protection of personnel from flame.4. Garment Requirements4.1 General:4.1.1 Apparel worn in environmentally controlled facilitiesshall be functional and job oriented.4.1.2 Uniforms shall form barriers between the humancontaminator and their work.4.1.3 Health:E15490634.1.3.1 Garments shall not irritate, react with, or be abrasiveto the skin, and must not emit objectionable
