1、Designation: E 1557 051Standard Classification forBuilding Elements and Related SiteworkUNIFORMAT II1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTESection 2.2 was editorially corrected in February 2009.1. Scope1.1 This standard establishes a classification of buildingelements and r
3、elated sitework. Elements, as defined here, aremajor components common to most buildings. Elements usu-ally perform a given function, regardless of the design speci-fication, construction method, or materials used. The classifi-cation serves as a consistent reference for analysis, evaluation,and mon
4、itoring during the feasibility, planning, and designstages of buildings. Using UNIFORMAT II ensures consis-tency in the economic evaluation of buildings projects overtime and from project to project. It also enhances reporting atall stages in constructionfrom feasibility and planningthrough the prep
5、aration of working documents, construction,maintenance, rehabilitation, and disposal.1.2 This classification applies to buildings and related sitework. It excludes specialized process equipment related to abuildings functional use but does include furnishings andequipment.1.3 The Classification inco
6、rporates three hierarchical levelsdescribed as Levels 1, 2, and 3. Appendix X1 presents a moredetailed suggested Level 4 classification of sub-elements.1.4 UNIFORMAT II is an elemental format similar to theoriginal UNIFORMAT2elemental classification. UNIFOR-MAT II differs from the original UNIFORMAT
7、, however, inthat it takes into consideration a broader range of buildingtypes and has been updated to categorize building elements asthey are in current building practice.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E 833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE 917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs
8、of Buildingsand Building SystemsE 964 Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building SystemsE 1057 Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return andAdjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in Build-ings and Building SystemsE 1074 Practice
9、for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Sav-ings for Investments in Buildings and Building SystemsE 1121 Practice for Measuring Payback for Investments inBuildings and Building SystemsE 1185 Guide for Selecting Economic Methods for Evalu-ating Investments in Buildings and Building SystemsE 1369 Guide for
10、 Selecting Techniques for Treating Uncer-tainty and Risk in the Economic Evaluation of Buildingsand Building SystemsE 1804 Practice for Performing and Reporting Cost Analy-sis During the Design Phase of a ProjectE 2083 Classification for Building Construction Field Re-quirements, and Office Overhead
11、 it provides the basis for the preparation of moredetailed elemental estimates during the early concept andpreliminary design phases, and it enhances communicationsamong designers and other building professionals by providinga clear statement of the designers intent. See Appendix X3 fora sample prel
12、iminary project description (PPD) based onUNIFORMAT II.4.3.8 Coding and referencing standard details in computer-aided design systems. This allows an architect, for example, toreference an exterior wall assembly according to UNIFOR-MAT II element designations and build up a database ofstandard detai
13、ls structured according to the classification.4.4 UNIFORMAT II, as described in this classification,includes sitework normally related to buildings but does notapply to major civil works. It is also unsuitable for processapplications or for preparing trade estimates.5. Basis of Classification5.1 Wha
14、t part of the built environment is included? Theframework in Fig. 1 shows how buildings and related siteworkfit in with the rest of the built environment. This classificationdescribes exclusively the elements that make up the blocksshaded under the building block, that is, construction ofbuildings a
15、nd related sitework. UNIFORMAT II does not treatother aspects of buildings or other features of the builtenvironment, which are indicated by the non-shaded blocks.NOTE 1The other features of the built environment in Fig. 1 are listedfor illustrative purposes and are not intended to be a comprehensiv
16、e list ofother features.5.2 Criteria for the ClassificationThe selected classifica-tion, what items to include in it, and in which parts of theclassification to include them are based on the followingcriteria:5.2.1 The classification will be applicable to any buildingtype, while at the same time all
17、owing for details desirable forspecialized buildings. The classification of building elementswill be separate from the classification of building-relatedsitework. The classifications will be hierarchical to allowdifferent levels of aggregation and summarization. And theywill relate to other elementa
18、l classifications6such as UNIFOR-MAT and the classification of the Canadian Institute ofQuantity Surveyors.75.2.2 Items in the classification will have significant influ-ence on cost and a high frequency of occurrence. Categorieswill be defined so as to provide a framework for cost control.The decis
19、ion as to where among the classification elements toinclude specific items is to rely on professional judgment as towhere building professionals in current practice normally lookfor such items.5For a more comprehensive discussion of the uses of UNIFORMAT II, seeBowen, Charette, and Marshall, UNIFORM
20、AT IIA Recommended Classificationfor Building Elements and Related Sitework, National Institute of Standards andTechnology Special Publication 841, Gaithersburg, MD, 1992, and Charette andMarshall, UNIFORMAT II Elemental Classification for Building Specifications,Cost Estimating, and Cost Analysis,
21、National Institute of Standards and TechnologyNISTIR 6389, Gaithersburg, MD, 1999.6For more information on other elemental classifications, see Brian Bowen andRobert Charette, “Elemental Cost Classification Standard for Building Design,”1991 AACE Transactions, 1991.7Available from the Canadian Insti
22、tute of Quantity Surveyors (CIQS), 90 NolanCourt, Unit 19, Markham, ON, Canada, L3R 4L9, http:/www.ciqs.org.FIG. 1 Possible Framework of the Built EnvironmentE155705125.2.3 Classification of Building ElementsFig. 2 presentsthe UNIFORMAT II classification of building elements. Itcomprises three hiera
23、rchical levels: Major Group Elements forLevel 1, Group Elements for Level 2, and Individual Elementsfor Level 3. See Section 6 for detailed lists of specific itemsthat are included and excluded under each individual elementlisted in the Level 3 category. A list of suggested level 4building sub-eleme
24、nts is presented in Table X1.1.5.2.4 Classification of Building-Related SiteworkFig. 3presents the UNIFORMAT II classification of building-relatedFIG. 2 UNIFORMAT II Classification of Building Elements with Alpha-Numeric DesignationsE15570513sitework. See Section 7 for detailed lists of specific ite
25、ms thatare included and excluded under each individual element listedin the Level 3 category. A list of suggested Level 4 building-related sitework sub-elements is presented in Table X1.1.5.2.4.1 UNIFORMAT II is not intended to classify elementsof major civil works. Rather, it is provided for exclus
26、ive use insupport of the construction of buildings. Buildings are usuallyconstructed with roads, utilities, parking areas, and othernon-building features. The UNIFORMAT II classification ofbuilding-related sitework provides guidance so that planners donot have to resort to multiple elemental classif
27、ications for oneproject.6. Description of Building Elements6.1 The following lists show what items are included andexcluded in the recommended classification at Level 3. Notethat the listings of inclusions and exclusions are not intended tobe an exhaustive listing. Rather, they provide a general out
28、lineof what to expect in that element consistent with the selectioncriteria outlined in 5.2. Exclusions are listed to help readersfind items quickly. For example, an elemental format mightshow exterior load bearing walls under Exterior Walls orSuperstructure. UNIFORMAT II puts them under ExteriorWal
29、ls based on technical judgment and current practice.Putting under Superstructure a cross-reference to ExteriorWalls directs the person who looks first under Superstructure tothe appropriate element. Note that the table in Fig. 2 incorpo-rates an alphanumeric designation for the classification: asing
30、le character letter code for Level 1 Major Group Elements,a three character alphanumeric code for Level 2 GroupElements, and a five character alphanumeric code for Level 3Individual Elements.6.2 Foundations (A 10):6.2.1 Standard Foundations (A 1010):6.2.1.1 Includes:(1) Wall and column foundations,(
31、2) Foundation walls up to level of top of slab on grade,(3) Pile caps,(4) Foundation excavation, backfill, and compaction,(5) Footings and bases,(6) Perimeter insulation,(7) Perimeter drainage, and(8) Anchor plates.(9) Dewatering6.2.1.2 Excludes:(1) General excavation to reduce levels (see G 1030, S
32、iteEarthwork),(2) Excavation for basements (see A 2010, BasementExcavation),(3) Basement walls (see A 2020, Basement Walls), and(4) Under-slab drainage and insulation (see A 1030, Slabon Grade).6.2.2 Special Foundations (A 1020):6.2.2.1 Includes:(1) Piling,(2) Caissons,(3) Underpinning,(4) Dewaterin
33、g,(5) Raft foundations,(6) Any other special foundation conditions, and(7) Grade Beams6.2.2.2 Excludes:(1) Pile caps (see A 1010, Standard Foundations), and(2) Rock excavation (unless associated with Special Foun-dations) (see A 1010, Standard Foundations and A 2010, Base-ment Excavation).6.2.3 Slab
34、 on Grade (A 1030):6.2.3.1 Includes:(1) Standard,(2) Structural,(3) Inclined slabs on grade,(4) Trenches,FIG. 3 UNIFORMAT II Classification of Building Related Sitework with Alpha-Numeric DesignationsE15570514(5) Pits,(6) Bases,(7) Under-slab drainage, and(8) Under-slab insulation.6.2.3.2 Excludes:(
35、1) Applied floor finishes (see C 3020, Floor Finishes), and(2) Hardeners and sealers to the slab (see C 3020, FloorFinishes).6.3 Basement Construction (A 20):6.3.1 Basement Excavation (A 2010):6.3.1.1 Includes:(1) Additional excavation required for construction ofbasement,(2) Backfill and compaction
36、, and(3) Excavation support system.6.3.1.2 Excludes:(1) General grading to reduce levels over site (see G 1030,Site Earthwork).6.3.2 Basement Walls (A 2020):6.3.2.1 Includes:(1) Basement wall construction,(2) Moisture protection, and(3) Basement wall construction below grade.6.3.2.2 Excludes:(1) Wal
37、ls above grade that enclose basements (see B 2010,Exterior Walls), and(2) Perimeter drainage (see A 1010, Standard Founda-tions).6.4 Superstructure (B 10):6.4.1 Floor Construction (B 1010):6.4.1.1 Includes:(1) Floor structural frame,(2) Interior structural walls,(3) Floor slabs and decks,(4) Incline
38、d and stepped floors,(5) Expansion and contraction joints,(6) Balcony construction,(7) Suspended ramps,(8) Exterior stairs and fire escapes, and(9) Other floor construction (for example, catwalks, spaceframes, etc.).6.4.1.2 Excludes:(1) Exterior load bearing walls (see B 2010, ExteriorWalls),(2) App
39、lied and suspended ceiling and floor finishes (seeC 3020, Floor Finishes and C 3030, Ceiling Finishes),(3) Stair construction (see C 2010, Stair Construction), and(4) Balcony walls and railings (see B 2010, ExteriorWalls).6.4.2 Roof Construction (B 1020):6.4.2.1 Includes:(1) Roof structural frame,(2
40、) Structural interior walls supporting roof,(3) Roof decks, slabs and sheathing,(4) Canopies, and(5) Other roof construction.6.4.2.2 Excludes:(1) Roof coverings (see B 3010, Roof Coverings),(2) Skylights and roof openings (see B 3020, Roof Open-ings), and(3) Stair construction (see C 2010, Stair Con
41、struction).6.5 Exterior Enclosure (B 20):6.5.1 Exterior Walls (B 2010):6.5.1.1 Includes:(1) Exterior wall construction with facing materials, exte-rior applied finishes, back-up construction, framing, sheathing,wallboard, parapets, insulation, and vapor retarders,(2) Exterior load-bearing wall const
42、ruction,(3) Exterior louvers and screens,(4) Exterior sun control devices,(5) Balcony walls and railings, and(6) Exterior soffits.6.5.1.2 Excludes:(1) Applied finishes to interior faces of exterior walls (seeC 3010, Wall Finishes),(2) Columns and beams in exterior walls (see B 10,Superstructure),(3)
43、 Venetian blinds (see E 20, Furnishings),(4) Other interior sun control devices (see E 20, Furnish-ings),(5) Roof eaves and eaves soffits (see B 3010, Roof Cover-ings), and(6) Glazed curtain walls (see B 2020, Exterior Windows).6.5.2 Exterior Windows (B 2020):6.5.2.1 Includes:(1) Windows,(2) Storefr
44、onts,(3) Curtain walls,(4) Exterior painting of windows, and(5) Wall opening elements such as lintels, sills, flashings,etc.6.5.2.2 Excludes:(1) Window treatments (see E 20, Furnishings).6.5.3 Exterior Doors (B 2030):6.5.3.1 Includes:(1) Personnel doors,(2) Revolving doors,(3) Overhead doors, and(4)
45、 Other doors (for example, hanger doors, blast-resistantdoors, and so forth).6.6 Roofing (B 30):6.6.1 Roof Coverings (B 3010):6.6.1.1 Includes:(1) Roofing membranes, shingles and tiles,(2) Traffic coatings,(3) Waterproof membranes below paving,(4) Expansion joints,(5) Vapor retarders,8(6) Roof and d
46、eck insulation,(7) Roof fill,(8) Flashings and trim,(9) Gutters and downspouts, and(10) Eaves and eaves soffits.6.6.1.2 Excludes:8A vapor retarder was formerly referred to as a vapor barrier.E15570515(1) Roof openings (see B 3020, Roof Openings),(2) Roof drains (see D 2040, Rain Water Drainage), and
47、(3) Parapets (see B 2010, Exterior Walls).6.6.2 Roof Openings (B 3020):6.6.2.1 Includes:(1) Skylights,(2) Area glazing,(3) Roof hatches,(4) Gravity roof ventilators, and(5) Smoke vents.6.6.2.2 Excludes:(1) Powered and ducted ventilators (see D 3040, Distribu-tion Systems).6.7 Interior Construction (
48、C 10):6.7.1 Partitions (C 1010):6.7.1.1 Includes:(1) Fixed partitions,(2) Demountable partitions,(3) Retractable and movable partitions,(4) Operable partitions,(5) Interior balustrades and screens, and(6) Interior window and storefronts.6.7.1.2 Excludes:(1) Stair balustrades (see C 2010, Stair Const
49、ruction),(2) Interior load bearing and shear walls (see B 10,Superstructure), and(3) Applied wall finishes (see C 3010, Wall Finishes).6.7.2 Interior Doors (C 1020):6.7.2.1 Includes:(1) Standard swinging doors,(2) Glazed doors,(3) Sliding and folding doors,(4) Fire doors,(5) Other doors,(6) Door frames,(7) Door hardware,(8) Door opening elements,(9) Door painting and staining, and(10) Hatches and access doors.6.7.2.2 Excludes:(1) Vault doors (see E 10, Equipment), and(2) Operable partitions (see C 1010, Partitions).6.7.3 Fittings (C 1030):6.7.3.1 Includes:(1) Chalk and
