1、Designation: E1592 05 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forStructural Performance of Sheet Metal Roof and SidingSystems by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1592; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONComputations are the accepted method for determining the structu
3、ral capacity of most metalproducts. However, some conditions are outside the scope of analysis by industry specifications.Methods of computation and a discussion of these conditions are found in the following documents:AISI Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members and Loa
4、d and ResistanceFactor Specification for Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members and Aluminum Association Specifi-cations for Aluminum Structures.This test method is not to be considered as a wind design standard. It is a structural capacity testto determine the ability of a panel system (including att
5、achments) to resist uniform static pressure.Actual wind pressure is nonuniform and dynamic. These uniform static test results should be used inconjunction with commonly recognized wind design standards, and will yield highly conservativeresults.When additional fasteners are installed across panel fl
6、ats at eaves, ridges, or reinforced end laps, thecrosswise distortion is eliminated and both flexural capacity and anchor-to-panel attachment strengthcan vary with the distance from such conditions. This test procedure can be used to evaluate thestrength of panels and attachments at any distance fro
7、m end or edge perimeter conditions. The size ofthe specimen and limitations on air seals are designed to minimize any interference with the naturalresponse of the panels under load.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the structuralperformance of sheet metal panels and anchor-to-pan
8、el attach-ments for roof or siding systems under uniform static airpressure differences using a test chamber or support surface.1.2 The provisions of this test method are applicable tostanding seam, trapezoidal, ribbed, or corrugated metal panelsin the range of thickness from 0.012 to 0.050-in. (0.3
9、 to1.3-mm) and apply to the evaluation of uniform pressureapplied to single-skin construction or one sheet metal layer ofmultiple-skin construction. They do not cover requirements forthe construction of a specimen to determine the load sharingthat can occur with either composite or multiple-layer co
10、n-struction such as: (1) metal cladding over wood sheathing; or(2) field assemblies of insulation sandwiched between corru-gated or formed metal panels.1.3 Proper use of this test method requires knowledge of theprinciples of pressure and deflection measurement.1.4 This test method describes optiona
11、l apparatus and pro-cedures for use in evaluating the structural performance of agiven system for a range of support spacings or for confirmingthe structural performance of a specific installation.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parenthese
12、s are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotesexclusive of those for tables and figures. These notes andfootnotes provide explanatory material and shall not be con-sidered as
13、 requirements of the standard.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.57on Performance of Metal Roof Systems.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in
14、1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1592 05(2012).DOI: 10.1520/E1592-05R17.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles
15、on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.11.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
16、associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.1.8 This international stan
17、dard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. R
18、eferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsB557 Test Methods for Tension Testing Wrought and CastAluminum- and Magnesium-Alloy Products2.2 Aluminum Association Standard:3Aluminum Formed-Sheet Building Sheathing DesignGuide, Appendi
19、x B of Specifications for AluminumStructures, Latest Edition2.3 AISI Standard:4Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Struc-tural Members, Latest Edition2.4 Other Document:5ASCE 7 (Formerly ANSI A58.1) Minimum Design Loadsfor Buildings and Other Structures3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of
20、Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 anchor, na fastener, bolt, screw, or formed devicesuch as a clip that connects panels to the support structure.3.1.2 anchor failure, nany failure at the anchor device,including separation of the device from the panel, of the deviceitself, or of the connection to
21、 the structural support.3.1.3 crosswise restraint, nany attachment in the flat of apanel between structural elements that controls or limits pandistortion under pressure.3.1.4 failure, nfracture or disengagement of any of thecomponents where the system is no longer capable of sustain-ing load, or th
22、e system no longer functions as a weathertightmembrane.3.1.5 interior support, nany support other than those ateither extreme in a series of supports for a continuous panel.3.1.6 pan distortion, ndisplacement under load of nor-mally flat portions of a panel profile normal to the plane of theroof or
23、wall surface.3.1.7 panel deflection, ndisplacement under load mea-sured normal to the plane of the roof or wall surface of alongitudinal structural element as measured from a straight linebetween structural supports.3.1.8 permanent deformation, nthe permanent displace-ment in any direction from an o
24、riginal position that remainsafter an applied load has been removed.63.1.9 reference zero load, nnominal pressure applied to aspecimen to provide a reference position free of variationsfrom internal stresses or friction within the system assembly.3.1.10 rib spread, npanel distortion under load at th
25、e baseof a rib or standing seam as measured crosswise to the rib in theplane of the roof or wall surface.3.1.11 span length, nthe center-to-center distance betweenanchors or supports measured parallel to the longitudinal axisof the panel.3.1.12 specimen, nthe entire assembled unit submitted fortesti
26、ng, as described in Section 8.3.1.13 specimen length, nthe distance from center tocenter of the end supports; the sum of individual span lengths.3.1.14 structural element, nthe width of a panel profile asmeasured between center lines of repeating longitudinal stiff-eners for continuously supported p
27、anels in a positive load testor the width between anchor attachments to repeating stiffenerelements in a negative load test.3.1.15 test load, nthe difference in static air pressure(positive or negative) between the inside and outside face ofthe specimen, expressed in pounds-force per square foot(lbf
28、/ft2) or pascals (Pa).3.1.16 test panel length, nspecimen length plus over-hangs.3.1.17 ultimate load, nthe difference in static air pressure(positive or negative) at which failure of the specimen occurs,expressed in pounds-force per square foot (lbf/ft2) or pascals(Pa).3.1.18 unlatching failure, nd
29、isengagement of a panelseam or anchor that occurs in an unloaded assembly due topermanent set or distortion that occurred under a previous loadcondition.72For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMS
30、tandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Aluminum Association, 1400 Crystal Dr., Suite 430, Arlington,VA 22202, http:/www.aluminum.org.4Available from American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 25 MassachusettsAve., NW, Suite 800, Wa
31、shington, DC 20001, http:/www.steel.org.5Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.6Industry design procedures propose different factors of safety on yield andultimate strength. Not all permanent distortion is harmful to t
32、he structural perfor-mance of the system. Only permanent distortion that interferes with the performanceof the system is significant.7This permanent set is not always detectable from readings taken normal to thepanel.E1592 05 (2017)23.1.19 yield load, nthat pressure at which deflectionincreases are
33、no longer proportional to the increase in pressure.Yielding is not failure.83.1.20 zero load, nthe absence of air pressure differenceacross the specimen.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of the following: (1) sealingthe test specimen into or against one face of a test chamber; (
34、2)supplying air to, or exhausting air from, the chamber at the raterequired to maintain the test pressure difference across thespecimen; and (3) observing, measuring, and recording thedeflection, deformations, and nature of any failures of principalor critical elements of the panel profile or member
35、s of theanchor system.4.2 The increments of load application shall be chosen suchthat a sufficient number of readings will be obtained todetermine the load deformation curve of the system.4.3 End and edge restraint shall be representative of fieldconditions, and the unit shall contain sufficient ind
36、ividualcomponents to minimize the effect of variations in material andworkmanship.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a standard procedure toevaluate or confirm structural performance under uniformstatic air pressure difference. This procedure is intended torepresent the effects of
37、uniform loads on exterior buildingsurface elements.5.2 It is also permissible to develop data for load-span tablesby interpolating between the test results at different spans.NOTE 1When applying the results of tests to determine allowabledesign loads by application of a factor of safety, bear in min
38、d that theperformance of a wall or roof and its components, or both, can be afunction of fabrication, installation, and adjustment. The specimen mustrepresent the actual structure closely. In service, the performance can alsodepend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance ofc
39、omponents to deterioration by various causes, to vibration, to thermalexpansion and contraction, and so forth.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of apparatus is general in nature; anyequipment capable of performing the test procedure within theallowable tolerances is permitted. Major components areshow
40、n in Fig. 1.6.2 Test ChamberA test chamber, air bag, or box with anopening, a removable mounting panel, or one open surface inwhich or against which the specimen is installed. Provide atleast two static pressure taps located at diagonally oppositecorners to measure the chamber pressure such that the
41、 readingis unaffected by the velocity of the air supply to or from thechamber or any other air movement. The air supply openinginto the chamber shall be arranged so that the air does notimpinge directly on the test specimen with any significantvelocity. A means of access into the chamber to facilita
42、teadjustments and observations after the specimen has beeninstalled is optional.NOTE 2The test chamber or the specimen mounting frame, or both,must not deflect under the test load in such a manner that the performanceof the specimen will be affected. In general, select anchor supportmembers sufficie
43、ntly rigid that deflection under the test load will benegligible. It is desirable to be able to observe the fit of the plastic filmagainst the specimen as well as the metal surface. When the specimen istested with plastic film on either side, it is recommended that windows,lighting, or other methods
44、 be used to allow observation of the oppositeside.6.3 Air SystemA compressed air supply, an exhaustsystem, or controllable blower is to be provided to develop therequired air pressure difference across the specimen. Thesystem shall maintain an essentially constant air pressuredifference for the requ
45、ired test period.NOTE 3It is convenient to use a reversible blower or separate pressureand exhaust systems to provide the required air pressure difference so thatdifferent test specimens can be tested for the effect of positive pressure orthe effect of suction (negative pressure) without reversing t
46、he position ofthe test specimen. The use of the same specimen for both positive and8It is often impractical to take direct measurements on individual elements in anassembly of components. Readings made on a panel surface opposite an anchor clipinclude deflection of non-axial loads in the anchor base
47、 and panel profile as well asany slippage that occurs in the panel connection or between segments of amultiple-piece clip. They may decrease with increasing pressure and produce abi-lineal curve. Subsequent small-scale tests may be required to determine whethernonlinear deflection readings represent
48、 tolerable distortions that do not interferewith long-term anchor performance.FIG. 1 Schematic of Test ApparatusE1592 05 (2017)3negative testing is outside the scope of this test method. If an adequate airsupply is available, a completely airtight seal need not be provided aroundthe perimeter of the
49、 test specimen and the mounting panel, although it ispreferable. However, substantial air leakage will require an air supply ofmuch greater capacity to maintain the required pressure differences.6.4 Pressure-Measuring ApparatusThe devices to mea-sure the test pressure difference shall operate within a toleranceof 62 % of the design pressure, or within 0.1 in. (2.5 mm) ofwater pressure (0.52 psf or 25 Pa) and be located as describedin 6.1.6.5 Deflection and Distortion Measurement Precision:6.5.1 The means of measuring deflections of structural ribsbetwe
