ASTM E1654-1994(2004) Standard Guide for Measuring Ionizing Radiation-Induced Spectral Changes in Optical Fibers and Cables for Use in Remote Raman FiberOptic Spectroscopy《用于远距离拉曼光.pdf
《ASTM E1654-1994(2004) Standard Guide for Measuring Ionizing Radiation-Induced Spectral Changes in Optical Fibers and Cables for Use in Remote Raman FiberOptic Spectroscopy《用于远距离拉曼光.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM E1654-1994(2004) Standard Guide for Measuring Ionizing Radiation-Induced Spectral Changes in Optical Fibers and Cables for Use in Remote Raman FiberOptic Spectroscopy《用于远距离拉曼光.pdf(5页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: E 1654 94 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Guide forMeasuring Ionizing Radiation-Induced Spectral Changes inOptical Fibers and Cables for Use in Remote RamanFiberOptic Spectroscopy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1654; the number immediately following the designation indi
2、cates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the method for measurin
3、g the realtime, in situ radiation-induced alterations to the Raman spectralsignal transmitted by a multimode, step index, silica opticalfiber. This guide specifically addresses steady-state ionizingradiation (that is, alpha, beta, gamma, protons, etc.) withappropriate changes in dosimetry, and shiel
4、ding considerations,depending upon the irradiation source.1.2 The test procedure given in this guide is not intended totest the other optical and non-optical components of an opticalfiber-based Raman sensor system, but may be modified to testother components in a continuous irradiation environment.1
5、.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili
6、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 1614 Guide for Procedure for Measuring IonizingRadiation-Induced Attenuation in Silica-Based Optical Fi-bers and Cables for Use in Remote Fiber-Optic Spectros-copy and Broadband Systems2.2 EIA Standards:2.2.1 Test
7、 or inspection requirements include the followingreferences:EIA-455-57 Optical Fiber End Preparation and Examina-tion3EIA-455-64 Procedure for Measuring Radiation-InducedAttenuation in Optical Fibers and Cables32.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-2196-(SH) Glossary of Fiber Optic Terms43. Terminology3.1 D
8、efinitionsRefer to the following documents for thedefinition of terms used in this guide: MIL-STD-2196-(SH)and E 1614.4. Significance and Use4.1 Ionizing environments will affect the performance ofoptical fibers/cables being used to transmit spectroscopicinformation from a remote location. Determina
9、tion of the typeand magnitude of the spectral variations or interferencesproduced by the ionizing radiation in the fiber, or both, isnecessary for evaluating the performance of an optical fibersensor system.4.2 The results of the test can be utilized as a selectioncriteria for optical fibers used in
10、 optical fiber Raman spectro-scopic sensor systems.NOTE 1The attenuation of optical fibers generally increases whenthey are exposed to ionizing radiation.This is due primarily to the trappingof radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the optical materials, thatis, the formation of color ce
11、nters. The depopulation of these color centersby thermal or optical (photobleaching) processes, or both, causes recov-ery, usually resulting in a decrease in radiationinduced attenuation.Recovery of the attenuation after irradiation depends on many variables,including the temperature of the test sam
12、ple, the composition of thesample, the spectrum and type of radiation employed, the total doseapplied to the test sample, the light level used to measure the attenuation,and the operating spectrum. Under some continuous conditions, recoveryis never complete.5. Apparatus5.1 The test schematic is show
13、n in Fig. 1. The following listidentifies the equipment necessary to accomplish this testprocedure.5.2 Light SourceA laser source shall be used for theRaman analysis, and the wavelength must be chosen so that thefluorescent signals from the optical components (especially the1This guide is under the
14、jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13 on MolecularSpectroscopy and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E13.09 on FiberOptics in Molecular Spectroscopy.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous version approved in 1999 as E 165494 (
15、1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Electronic Industry Association, Engine
16、ering Dept., 2001Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20006.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United
17、States.spectral activator sample and optical fibers) are minimized, andso that the wavelength corresponds to the spectral sensitivity ofthe detection scheme. Typically, the wavelength range ex-ploited spans from 0.4 to 1.06 m. The laser source must havesufficient power to obtain the desired minimum
18、signal-to-noiseratio (S/N) (see 10.3).5.3 Focusing/Collection OpticsA number of optical ele-ments are needed for the launch and collection of lightradiation into and from the optical fibers (interfacing, sampleand reference), and other instrumentation (light source, spec-trograph, detector). The min
19、imal requirement for these ele-ments shall be that the numerical aperture of the componentsFIG. 1 Test ConfigurationE 1654 94 (2004)2are matched for efficient coupling. Optics may also be neces-sary to enhance the interaction of the input light with thespectral activator.5.4 Interfacing Optical Fibe
20、rThe primary requirement ofthe interfacing optical fiber is to provide the minimum powerto the activator sample at the proper wavelength(s). The fiberlength may be adjusted so that the power requirements are met.5.5 Light Radiation FilteringIt is important that all neigh-boring laser lines are remov
21、ed from the source beam prior tointeraction with the spectral activator. This can be accom-plished before or after the interfacing optical fiber. Placementof the filter before the interfacing fiber will eliminate theneighboring laser lines, but any fluorescence and Ramanscattering due to the fiber o
22、r associated optics will be allowedto interact with the sample. Placement of the laser pass filterafter the interfacing fiber is preferable because it will eliminateany signals created within the fiber. If it is necessary to placethe filter before the interfacing fiber, then the fiber should bekept
23、as short as possible (several metres).5.6 Spectral Activator SampleThe spectral activator usedmust demonstrate a strong, well-characterized Raman spectralsignal. The sample may be either liquid, gas, or solid, depend-ing on the requirements of the optical fiber arrangement. It isrecommended that a l
24、iquid be used, since the Raman scatteringin the proposed configuration will launch similarly into thesample and reference fibers. Standard recommended samplesare: acetonitrile, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride.The sampleshould be contained in a standard spectroscopic rectangularsilica cuvette.5.7 O
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