1、Designation: E 1677 05Standard Specification foran Air Barrier (AB) Material or System for Low-Rise FramedBuilding Walls1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1677; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers minimum performances andspecification criteria for an air barrier (AB) material o
3、r systemfor framed walls of low-rise buildings. The intended users arepurchasers of the AB, specifiers of the AB and regulatorygroups. The provisions contained in this specification areintended to allow the user to design the wall performancecriteria and increase AB specifications to accommodate apa
4、rticular climate location, function, or design of the intendedbuilding. Air barrier performance and specification minimumswere selected with the service life of the building wall in mind.1.2 This specification focuses on ABs for opaque walls.Other areas of the exterior envelope, such as roofs, floor
5、s, andinterfaces between these areas are not included in this specifi-cation.1.3 This specification does not address air leakage into thewall cavity, that is, windwashing. No standardized test hasbeen developed that adequately identifies all of the influencingfactors and measures the impact of this
6、effect on the wallsthermal performance.1.4 The specifications in this standard are not intended to beutilized for energy load calculations and are not based on anexpected level of energy consumption.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values in parenthese
7、s are for informationonly and are closely approximated.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Annex A1, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of th
8、e userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 755 Practice for Selection of Vapor Retarders for ThermalInsulationE96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmis
9、sion of Mate-rialsE 241 Guide for Limiting Water-Induced Damage to Build-ingsE 283 Test Method for Determining the Rate ofAir LeakageThrough Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and DoorsUnder Specified Pressure DifferencesAcross the SpecimenE 330 Test Method for Structural Performance of ExteriorWindow
10、s, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls by UniformStatic Air Pressure DifferencesE 331 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior Win-dows, Skylights, Doors, Curtain Walls by Uniform StaticAir Pressure DifferenceE 1424 Test Method for Determining the Rate of Air Leak-age Through Exterior Windows,
11、Curtain Walls, and DoorsUnder Specified Pressure and Temperature DifferencesAcross the Specimen2.2 ASHRAE Standard:ASHRAE 62 Acceptable Indoor Air Quality32.3 American Society of Civil Engineers:4ASCE 7-88, 1990, Minimum Design Loads for Buildingsand Other Structure, Fig 1, Basic Wind Speed (mph)2.4
12、 Canadian Standard:5Air Barrier System For Walls of Low-Rise Buildings:Performance and Assessment1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.41on Air Leakage and Ventilation.Current edition approv
13、ed Nov. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as E 1677 95 (2000)2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informatio
14、n, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society for Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Condi-tioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Crete, N. E., Atlanta, GA 30329.4Available from The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801Alexander Bell Dr., R
15、eston, VA 20191.5Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd.,Toronto, ON Canada M9W1R3.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air exfiltrationair leakage out of
16、the building drivenby negative pressure.3.1.1.1 negative pressureair pressure on the outdoor sideof a building envelope lower than on the indoor side.3.1.2 air infiltrationair leakage into the building drivenby positive pressure.3.1.2.1 positive pressureair pressure on the outdoor sideof a building
17、envelope higher than on the indoor side.3.1.3 air leakagethe movement/flow of air through thebuilding envelope, which is driven by either positive (infiltra-tion) or negative (exfiltration) pressure differences, or both,across the envelope.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThese pressure differences are causedby wi
18、nd, mechanical systems, and temperature differences(stack effect).3.1.4 air leakage ratethe time rate of air flow across theair barrier. Expressed as cubic feet per minute per square footof AB surface at a stated pressure differential across the ABexpressed in inches of H2O. (Cubic metres per second
19、 persquare metre of AB surface at a pressure differential inPascals.)3.1.5 air barrier (AB)a material or system in buildingconstruction that is designed and installed to reduce air leakageeither into or through the opaque wall.3.1.6 opaque wallall exposed areas of a wall that encloseconditioned spac
20、e, except openings for windows, doors, andbuilding service systems.3.1.7 structural integrityfor the purpose of this specifica-tion, it is the ability of the AB to maintain air leakageperformance after exposure to elevated positive and negativepressure (see 5.1.2 for performance).3.1.8 ultra-violetr
21、adiation lying in the ultraviolet range;wavelengths shorter than visible light, but longer than X-rays.Ultraviolet light can effect the durability of some buildingmaterials.3.1.9 vapor retardera material or system that adequatelyimpedes the transmission of water vapor under specifiedconditions.3.1.9
22、.1 DiscussionFor practical purposes it is assumedthat the permeance of a vapor retarder will not exceed oneperm in inch-pound units (57.4 ng/(s m2 Pa), although atpresent this value may only be appropriate for residentialconstruction. For certain other types of construction, thepermeance must be low
23、er.3.1.10 water leakagepenetration of water onto the exte-rior plane of framing or cavity insulation under specifiedconditions of air pressure difference across theAB during a testperiod.3.1.11 water resistancethe capability of a material orsystem to retard water leakage.3.1.12 water vapor diffusion
24、the process by which watervapor spreads or moves through permeable materials caused bya difference in water vapor pressure.3.1.13 water vapor permeancethe time rate of watervapor transmission through unit area of flat material orconstruction induced by unit vapor pressure difference betweentwo speci
25、fic surfaces, under specified temperature and humid-ity conditions.3.1.13.1 DiscussionPermeance is a performance evalua-tion and not a property of a material. An acceptable unit ofpermeance is the perm: expressed in the units grain/h ft2in.Hg (metric perm = expressed in the units ng/(s m2 Pa).4. Cla
26、ssification4.1 This specification covers two types of ABs. The perfor-mance requirements are shown in Table 1.5. Performance Requirements5.1 This specification does not prohibit a user from increas-ing a specification performance requirement; however, thespecification shown shall not be reduced.The
27、user shall consultAnnexA1 for additional mandatory requirements, for example,test specimen and procedure. Appendix X1-Appendix X3contain additional considerations. The performance require-ments are not intended to be used to predict specific levels ofperformance in the field, however they are intend
28、ed to be usedin the evaluation of ABs.5.1.1 Air LeakageAB shall be tested in accordance withTest Method E 283. Air leakage rate shall not exceed 0.06cfm/ft2at 0.3 in. H2O. (0.3 3 103m3/(sm2) at 75 Pa.)NOTE 1Air leakage rate of 0.06 cfm/ft2at 0.3 in. H2O correspondsapproximately to a low rise buildin
29、g (floor area = 125 m2) with an airleakage rate of 1.0 to 2.0 air changes/h at 0.2 in. H2O (50 Pa) in which25 % of the leakage occurs through the opaque walls.5.1.2 Structural IntegrityAir barrier shall be tested inaccordance with Test Method E 330, Procedure Ano deflec-tion information is required.
30、 The AB shall withstand sustainedminimum pressure of 2 in. H2O (500 Pa) (equivalent windspeed of approximately 65 mph or 29 m/s) for 1 h. Thespecimen shall pass this test by retesting the air leakageperformance requirement and passing the requirement in 5.1.1.NOTE 2The user can consult the map in AS
31、CE 7-88 for guidance onwind speeds for the area where the building will be located. Thisrequirement does not address gust wind loads where the windspeed can besignificantly higher but for a very short period of time. If an AB is usedin a high gust area, the user may require testing at a higher press
32、ure for ashorter period to simulate gust conditions. The Canadian standard, AirBarrier Systems for Walls of Low-Rise Buildings: Performance andasessment is an example of structural integrity, which is referred to asstructural capacity.5.1.3 Water ResistanceType I ABs shall be tested inaccordance wit
33、h Test Method E 331. No water penetrationshall occur onto the exterior plane of framing or cavityTABLE 1 AB ClassificationsPerformance PropertiesClassificationsType I Type IIAir leakage in accordance with 5.1.1 in accordance with 5.1.1Structural integrity in accordance with 5.1.2 in accordance with
34、5.1.2Water resistance in accordance with 5.1.3 not requiredWater vapor permeance in accordance with 5.1.4 in accordance with 5.1.4Supplementalrequirementsin accordance withSection 6in accordance withSection 6E1677052insulation at 0.11 in. H2O (27 Pa) pressure difference (equiva-lent wind speed of ap
35、proximately 15 mph) during a 15-min.test period (see Table 1).5.1.4 Water Vapor Permeance, or water vapor transmissionrate of an AB material or materials of a system shall bedetermined and reported in accordance with Test Method E96,Procedure A. The test shall utilize standard test conditions of73.4
36、F (23C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 2%.NOTE 3This test specification is specific to the AB material ormaterials that make up the system. The user can consult X2.3 forinformation on permeance.6. Supplemental Requirements Supplemental Requirements6.1 Air barrier manufacturers shall provide field a
37、pplicationinstructions on how to install the AB to achieve continuity.6.2 Air barrier manufacturers shall make available uponrequest the test configuration used to achieve the performancerequirements of Section 5.6.3 If an AB is susceptible to ultraviolet (UV) degradation,the AB manufacturers shall
38、provide application/installationinstructions that indicate the amount of UV exposure theproduct can withstand. TheAB manufacturer shall also provideupon request test configuration and procedure for UV testing.6.4 The classification of ABs shall be clearly identifiableeither in the accompanying liter
39、ature, on their packaging, or ontheir product. (See Table 1 for classification of ABs.)7. Keywords7.1 air barrier; air exfiltration; air infiltration; air leakage; airleakage rate; opaque wall; structural integrity; vapor retarder;water leakage; water resistance; water vapor permeanceANNEX(Mandatory
40、 Information)A1. TESTING AIR LEAKAGE, STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY, AND WATER RESISTANCEA1.1 Test ApparatusA1.1.1 Test apparatus shall conform to Test Methods E 283,E 330, and E 331 except as modified by this specification.A1.2 Test SpecimenA1.2.1 Wall shall be constructed 8 ft by 8 ft or larger, 2 in.by 4
41、in. framing, and stud spacing of 16 in. on center (anyadditional material attached to this frame shall be consideredpart of the AB).A1.2.2 The AB tested shall not include installation proce-dures that are different from those in field application instruc-tions. Seams representative of those in the f
42、ield applicationshall be included within the test area.A1.2.2.1 If a component of an exterior AB is installed as 4ft by 8 ft sheathing (with long dimension vertically installed) orless, at least two vertical seams shall be within the test area.A1.2.2.2 If an AB is less than 8 ft in the vertical dire
43、ction,at least one horizontal seam shall be within the test area. Moreseams are required with narrow (less than 4-ft wide) products.A1.2.2.3 Both vertical edges of the wall shall be sealed withcaulk, gasket, or tape. The AB manufacturer shall specify howthe top and bottom of the wall shall be treate
44、d. If the wall hascaulking, gasketing, or tape utilized at the top or bottom, orboth, it shall be considered part of the AB, and shall beprescribed by the manufacturer for field application.A1.2.3 If interior wallboard, or similar type material, is usedas part of theAB, the following practices shall
45、 be incorporated.A1.2.3.1 The wallboard shall be installed by sealing seamsat the top and both vertical edges of the wall. The bottom shallremain unsealed to simulate normal construction practice. Ifsealing of the bottom edge is called for by the AB manufac-turer, it is then considered part of their
46、 system. Vertical orhorizontal seams within the field of the test area shall be sealedto simulate taping.A1.2.3.2 A minimum of one electrical receptacle shall beinstalled through the interior wallboard surface (14 in. off thefloor for every 64 ft2of test area). The outlet shall benongasketing with a
47、 minimum of 2 open knockouts. Holesshall be drilled (58 in. not less than 14 in. from the floor)through each internal stud to simulate wiring penetration andallow for pressure equalization of each stud cavity. Wiringshall not be installed in tested assembly. If any gasketing/caulkis requested by the
48、AB manufacturer, it shall be considered partof the AB.A1.2.4 For negative and positive pressure difference testing,use either of the following two test options to simulate theinstallation of an exterior finish/cladding. If the exterior finish/cladding is the AB the following two test options are not
49、required (see reference (2) and (3) for additional guidance).A1.2.4.1 To simulate a lap siding install 1 in. by 1 in. woodstrips placed horizontally 9 in. apart to the face of the exteriorAB. Install the specimen in the test apparatus so the AB isobservable, particularly during the structural integrity test.A1.2.4.2 To simulate brick veneer, install brick ties in a 16in. by 16 in. grid pattern to the face of the exterior AB. Installthe specimen in the test apparatus so the AB is observable,particularly during the structural integrity test.A1.3
