1、Designation: E 1680 95 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forRate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Metal Roof PanelSystems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1680; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-tance of exterior metal roof panel systems to ai
3、r infiltrationresulting from either positive or negative air pressure differ-ences. The test method described is for tests with constanttemperature and humidity across the specimen. This testmethod is a specialized adaption of Test Method E 283.1.2 This test method is applicable to any roof area. Th
4、is testmethod is intended to measure only the air leakage associatedwith the field of the roof, including the panel side laps andstructural connections; it does not include leakage at theopenings or perimeter or any other details.1.3 The proper use of this test method requires knowledgeof the princi
5、ples of air flow and pressure measurements.1.4 The text of this test method references notes andfootnotes excluding tables and figures, which provide explana-tory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be consid-ered to be requirements of the test method.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound un
6、its are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pr
7、actices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 283 Test Method for Determining the Rate ofAir LeakageThrough Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and DoorsUnder Specified Pre
8、ssure Differences Across the Speci-men2E 631 Terminology of Building Construction2E 1592 Test Method for Structural Performance of SheetMetal Roof and Siding Systems by Uniform Static AirPressure Difference2E 1646 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior MetalRoof Panel Systems by Uniform Stati
9、c Air PressureDifference22.2 Other Standard:AAMA 501 Methods of Test for Metal Curtain Walls33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms relating tobuilding construction used in this test method, see TerminologyE 631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air leak
10、age (Q)the volume of air flowing per unit oftime through the assembled specimen under a test pressuredifference, expressed in cubic feet per minute (cubic metres persecond).3.2.2 extraneous air leakage (QL)the difference betweenthe metered air flow (Qm) and air leakage (Q); the leakage ofthe remaind
11、er of the test chamber.3.2.3 metered air flow (Qm)the volume of air flowing perunit of time through the air flow metering system, expressed incubic feet per minute (cubic metres per second).3.2.4 rate of air leakagethe air leakage per unit ofspecimen area (A), expressed in cubic feet per minute pers
12、quare foot (cubic metres per second per square metre).3.2.5 reference standard conditionsdry air at a pressure of29.92 in. Hg (101.3 kPa), temperature of 69.4F (20.8C), andair density of 0.075 lb/ft3(1.2 kg/m3).3.2.6 specimenthe entire assembled unit submitted fortesting as described in Section 8.3.
13、2.7 specimen area (A)the area determined by the overalldimensions of the test specimen expressed in square feet(square metres). The dimensions used to determine area shallnot include exterior framework.3.2.8 test pressure differencethe specified difference instatic air pressure across the fixed spec
14、imen, expressed inpounds-force per square foot (pascals).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.57on Performance of Metal Roofing Systems.Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published May
15、2003. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as E 1680 95.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.3Available from Architectural Aluminum Manufacturers Association (AAMA),1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
16、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test procedure consists of sealing and fixing a testspecimen into or against one face of an air chamber, supplyingair to or exhausting air from the chamber at the rate required tomaintain the s
17、pecified test pressure difference across thespecimen, and measuring the resultant air flow through thespecimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determiningair leakage characteristics under specified air pressure differ-ences.NOTE 1The air pressure differences a
18、cting across a building envelopevary greatly. The slope of the roof and other factors affecting air pressuredifferences and the implications of the resulting air leakage relative to theenvironment within buildings are discussed in the literature.4,5,6Thesefactors shall be considered fully when speci
19、fying the test pressuredifference to be used.NOTE 2 When applying the results of tests by this test method, notethat the performance of a roof or its components, or both, may be afunction of proper installation and adjustment. The performance in servicewill also depend on the rigidity of supporting
20、construction, the presence ofinterior treatments, the roof slope, and the resistance of components todeterioration by various causes: corrosive atmospheres, aging, ice, vibra-tion, thermal expansion, and contraction, etc. It is difficult to simulate theidentical complex environmental conditions that
21、 can be encountered inservice, including rapidly changing pressures due to wind gusting. Somedesigns are more sensitive than others to these environmental conditions.5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparisonpurposes. The comparisons are not always valid unless thecomponents being te
22、sted and compared are of essentially thesame size, configuration, and design.NOTE 3The specimen construction discussed in 1.2 and required in8.1 isolates a source of leakage. The rate of air leakage measured duringthe test method has units of cubic feet per minute per square foot (litres persecond p
23、er square metre). Openings and details such as end laps or roofcurbs are excluded since leakage is measured more appropriately in cubicfeet per minute per foot (litres per second per metre) at these conditions.The test specimen area is relatively small; the inclusion of details will giveunrealistic
24、import to the details presence when compared to actual roofconstructions. This test method shall not be relied on singularly to formconclusions about overall air leakage through metal roofs.Aroof containsmany details. Although prescribed modifications are outside the scope ofthis test method, an exp
25、erienced testing engineer is able to use theprinciples presented in the test method and to generate significant data byisolating specific details and measuring leakage.Additional leakage sources are introduced if details are included. If totalleakage is then measured, the results will generally be c
26、onservativerelative to tests without details. To minimize the number of tests, thespecifier may allow details such as end laps when qualitative or generalquantitative results are desired and the isolation of sources is not requiredfor performance. Only one panel end lap shall be allowed. The user sh
27、allbe aware of the bias when comparing alternate systems if end laps areincluded.NOTE 4This is a test procedure. It is the responsibility of thespecifying agency to determine the specimen construction, size, and testpressures after considering the test methods guidelines. Practical consid-erations s
28、uggest that every combination of panel thickness, span, anddesign load need not be tested in order to substantiate product perfor-mance.6. Apparatus6.1 This description of the apparatus is general in nature,and any arrangement of equipment capable of performing thetest procedure within the allowable
29、 tolerances is permitted.6.2 Major Components (see Fig. 1).6.2.1 Test ChamberA well-sealed chamber or box witheither an opening, a removable mounting panel, or one openface in which or against which the specimen is installed andsealed. The specimen shall be installed horizontally. At leastone static
30、 pressure tap shall be provided to measure thechamber pressure. All pressure taps shall be located so that thereading is unaffected by the air supply either to or from thechamber. The air supply opening into the chamber shall bearranged so that air does not impinge directly on the testspecimen with
31、any significant velocity. When required, ameans of access shall be provided into the chamber to facilitateadjustments and observations after the specimen has beeninstalled.6.2.2 Air SystemA controllable blower, compressed airsupply, exhaust system, or reversible blower designed toprovide the require
32、d air flow at the specified test pressuredifference. the system shall provide constant air flow at a fixedpressure for the period required to obtain readings of air flowand pressure difference, and it shall be capable of maintainingpositive and negative pressures.6.2.3 Pressure Measuring ApparatusAd
33、evice for measur-ing the test pressure difference within a tolerance of 6 2%,or6 0.01 in. (6 2.5 Pa), of water column, whichever is greater.The device must measure positive and negative pressures.6.2.4 Air-Flow Metering SystemA device to measure theair flow within the limitations of error prescribed
34、 in 6.3. (Thepublications listed in Footnotes 5 and 65,6present backgroundinformation on fluid metering practices.)6.3 The air flow through the test specimen shall be deter-mined with an error not greater than 6 5 % when this flowequals or exceeds 2 ft3/min (0.94 L/s) or 6 10 % when the airflow is b
35、elow 2 ft3/min but more than12 ft3/min (0.24 L/s).NOTE 5A greater percentage of error will usually be acceptable atlower flows. Special flow-measuring techniques are necessary if higherprecision is required. The accuracy of the specimen leakage flowmeasurement is affected by the accuracy of the flow
36、meter and amount ofextraneous leakage of the apparatus (seeAnnexA1 of Test Method E 283).7. Safety Precautions7.1 Glass breakage and specimen failure will not normallyoccur at the small pressure differences applied in this testprocedure. Larger or excessive pressure differences occurduring preload,
37、due to error in operation, or when the apparatusis used for other purposes such as structural testing; thereforeexercise adequate precautions to protect personnel.8. Test Specimen8.1 The roof specimen shall be of sufficient size to deter-mine the performance of all typical parts of the roof system.4
38、ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, American Society of Heating, Refrig-eration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1972, Chapter 25.5Fluid MetersTheir Theory and Application, 5th edition, 1959.6ASMEPower Test Code, 2nd edition, 1956, Part 5, Chapter 4, “FlowMeasurements.”E 1680 95 (2003)2For roofs c
39、onstructed with prefabricated or preformed units orpanels, the specimen width shall be equivalent to or greaterthan the width of three typical units plus the side railsupporting elements at each edge. The specimen shall containat least three assembled side lap seams; this allows partialwidth units.
40、The specimen width shall be sufficient to provideloading on at least one typical unit (see Fig. 1). When partialwidth units are used at the specimen sides, the maximumportion to be used in calculating the specimen area shall be onehalf of the unit. The specimen shall be of sufficient length todevelo
41、p a multispan condition unless the panel is used only insingle-span applications. If two spans are used, they shall beunequal, with the shorter being 75 % of the longer. Buildingperimeter details need not and interior details, other thantypical side seams, shall not be inlcuded (see Note 3 forcommen
42、tary and exceptions). The specimen perimeter shall bewell sealed.NOTE 6The unbalanced span criterion more closely simulates multi-span panel deflection curvature. This works the panel sidelap whileminimizing the specimen length.8.1.1 All parts of the roof test specimen shall be full size,using the s
43、ame materials, details, and methods of constructionand anchorage as those on actual buildings.8.1.2 The condition of structural support shall be simulatedas accurately as possible. If the roof accommodates thermalexpansion parallel to the panel length, this detail must beincluded in the test specime
44、n, and the interior support must beable to slide parallel to the panel or its attachment, or both.8.2 If insulation is an optional component of the roofsystem, it shall not be included in the test specimen.8.3 If only one specimen is to be tested, the selection shallbe determined by the specifying a
45、uthority.NOTE 7Air leakage is likely to be a function of size, geometry, andFIG. 1 General Arrangement of Air Leakage ApparatusE 1680 95 (2003)3stiffness. Therefore, select specimens covering the range of sizes to beused in a building. In general, the largest size and least stiff of a particulardesi
46、gn, type, construction, and configuration shall be tested (see Note 3 forrelated commentary).9. Calibration9.1 Calibration shall be accomplished by mounting a ply-wood or similar rigid blank to the test chamber in place of a testspecimen, using the same mounting procedures as those usedfor standard
47、specimens. The blank shall be78 618 in. (22 63 mm) thick, with a 6-in. (150-mm) diameter hole over whichcalibrated orifice plates shall be mounted. The blank is notprohibited from accommodating more than one orifice plate.9.2 Each calibration orifice plate shall be constructed of18-in. (3-mm) thick
48、stainless steel having an outside diameterof 8 in. (200 mm) and containing an interior diameter square-edged orifice, which has been calibrated traceable to theNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) at 0.57,1.57, and 6.24 lbf/ft2(27, 75, and 298 Pa).NOTE 8Calibrated orifice plates tra
49、ceable to NIST may be obtainedby using the method in Annex A2 of Test Method E 283.9.3 Fasten the calibration orifice plate to the blank, centerthe plate over a 6-in. (150-mm) diameter hole, and seal it witha suitable adhesive tape or mastic compound to preventperimeter leakage.NOTE 9Chambers having a minimal depth dimension may create airflow patterns that affect the calibration results.Aminimum chamber depthof four orifice diameters should be available to alleviate this condition, ormultiple orifice plates should be used, with the distance between or
