1、Designation: E1680 16Standard Test Method forRate of Air Leakage through Exterior Metal Roof PanelSystems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1680; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-tance of exterior metal roof panel systems to air infiltrationresulti
3、ng from either positive or negative air pressure differ-ences. The test method described is for tests with constanttemperature and humidity across the specimen. This testmethod is a specialized adaption of Test Method E283.1.2 This test method is applicable to any roof area. This testmethod is inten
4、ded to measure only the air leakage associatedwith the field of the roof, including the panel side laps andstructural connections; it does not include leakage at theopenings or perimeter or any other details.1.3 The proper use of this test method requires knowledgeof the principles of air flow and p
5、ressure measurements.1.4 The text of this test method references notes andfootnotes excluding tables and figures, which provide explana-tory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be consid-ered to be requirements of the test method.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
6、as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of
7、this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Tes
8、t MethodsE283 Test Method for Determining Rate of Air LeakageThrough Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and DoorsUnder Specified Pressure Differences Across the Speci-menE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test
9、MethodE1592 Test Method for Structural Performance of SheetMetal Roof and Siding Systems by Uniform Static AirPressure DifferenceE1646 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior MetalRoof Panel Systems by Uniform Static Air PressureDifference2.2 Other Standards:AAMA 501 Methods of Test for Metal
10、Curtain Walls33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms relating tobuilding construction used in this test method, see TerminologyE631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air leakage (Q)the volume of air flowing per unit oftime through the assembled specimen
11、under a test pressuredifference, expressed in cubic feet per minute (cubic metres persecond).3.2.2 extraneous air leakage (QL)the difference betweenthe metered air flow (Qm) and air leakage (Q); the leakage ofthe remainder of the test chamber.3.2.3 metered air flow (Qm)the volume of air flowing peru
12、nit of time through the air flow metering system, expressed incubic feet per minute (cubic metres per second).3.2.4 rate of air leakagethe air leakage per unit ofspecimen area (A), expressed in cubic feet per minute persquare foot (cubic metres per second per square metre).1This test method is under
13、 the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.57on Performance of Metal Roof Systems.Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1680 11.
14、 DOI:10.1520/E1680-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Architectural
15、Manufacturers Association (AAMA),1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4268, http:/www.aamanet.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.5 reference standard conditionsdry air at a pressure of29.92 i
16、n. Hg (101.3 kPa), temperature of 69.4F (20.8C), andair density of 0.075 lb/ft3(1.2 kg/m3).3.2.6 specimenthe entire assembled unit submitted fortesting as described in Section 8.3.2.7 specimen area (A)the area determined by the overalldimensions of the test specimen expressed in square feet(square m
17、etres). The dimensions used to determine area shallnot include exterior framework.3.2.8 test pressure differencethe specified difference instatic air pressure across the fixed specimen, expressed inpounds-force per square foot (pascals).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test procedure consists of sea
18、ling and fixing a testspecimen into or against one face of an air chamber, supplyingair to or exhausting air from the chamber at the rate required tomaintain the specified test pressure difference across thespecimen, and measuring the resultant air flow through thespecimen.5. Significance and Use5.1
19、 This test method is a standard procedure for determiningair leakage characteristics under specified air pressure differ-ences.NOTE 1The air pressure differences acting across a building envelopevary greatly. The slope of the roof and other factors affecting air pressuredifferences and the implicati
20、ons of the resulting air leakage relative to theenvironment within buildings are discussed in the literature.4,5,6Thesefactors shall be considered fully when specifying the test pressuredifference to be used.NOTE 2When applying the results of tests by this test method, notethat the performance of a
21、roof or its components, or both, may be afunction of proper installation and adjustment. The performance in servicewill also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction, the presence ofinterior treatments, the roof slope, and the resistance of components todeterioration by various causes: corr
22、osive atmospheres, aging, ice,vibration, thermal expansion, and contraction, etc. It is difficult to simulatethe identical complex environmental conditions that can be encountered inservice, including rapidly changing pressures due to wind gusting. Somedesigns are more sensitive than others to these
23、 environmental conditions.5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparisonpurposes. The comparisons are not always valid unless thecomponents being tested and compared are of essentially thesame size, configuration, and design.NOTE 3The specimen construction discussed in 1.2 and required i
24、n8.1 isolates a source of leakage. The rate of air leakage measured duringthe test method has units of cubic feet per minute per square foot (litres persecond per square metre). Openings and details such as end laps or roofcurbs are excluded since leakage is measured more appropriately in cubicfeet
25、per minute per foot (litres per second per metre) at these conditions.The test specimen area is relatively small; the inclusion of details will giveunrealistic import to the details presence when compared to actual roofconstructions. This test method shall not be relied on singularly to formconclusi
26、ons about overall air leakage through metal roofs.Aroof containsmany details. Although prescribed modifications are outside the scope ofthis test method, an experienced testing engineer is able to use theprinciples presented in the test method and to generate significant data byisolating specific de
27、tails and measuring leakage.Additional leakage sources are introduced if details are included. Iftotal leakage is then measured, the results will generally be conservativerelative to tests without details. To minimize the number of tests, thespecifier may allow details such as end laps when qualitat
28、ive or generalquantitative results are desired and the isolation of sources is not requiredfor performance. Only one panel end lap shall be allowed. The user shallbe aware of the bias when comparing alternate systems if end laps areincluded.NOTE 4This is a test procedure. It is the responsibility of
29、 thespecifying agency to determine the specimen construction, size, and testpressures after considering the test methods guidelines. Practical consid-erations suggest that every combination of panel thickness, span, anddesign load need not be tested in order to substantiate product perfor-mance.6. A
30、pparatus6.1 This description of the apparatus is general in nature,and any arrangement of equipment capable of performing thetest procedure within the allowable tolerances is permitted.6.2 Major Components (see Fig. 1).6.2.1 Test ChamberA well-sealed chamber or box witheither an opening, a removable
31、 mounting panel, or one openface in which or against which the specimen is installed andsealed. The specimen shall be installed horizontally. At leastone static pressure tap shall be provided to measure thechamber pressure. All pressure taps shall be located so that thereading is unaffected by the a
32、ir supply either to or from thechamber. The air supply opening into the chamber shall bearranged so that air does not impinge directly on the testspecimen with any significant velocity. When required, ameans of access shall be provided into the chamber to facilitateadjustments and observations after
33、 the specimen has beeninstalled.6.2.2 Air SystemA controllable blower, compressed airsupply, exhaust system, or reversible blower designed toprovide the required air flow at the specified test pressuredifference. the system shall provide constant air flow at a fixedpressure for the period required t
34、o obtain readings of air flowand pressure difference, and it shall be capable of maintainingpositive and negative pressures.6.2.3 Pressure Measuring ApparatusAdevice for measur-ing the test pressure difference within a tolerance of 62%,or60.01 in. (62.5Pa), of water column, whichever is greater.The
35、device must measure positive and negative pressures.6.2.4 Air-Flow Metering SystemA device to measure theair flow within the limitations of error prescribed in 6.3. (Thepublications listed in Footnotes 5 and 65,6present backgroundinformation on fluid metering practices.)6.3 The air flow through the
36、test specimen shall be deter-mined with an error not greater than 6 5 % when this flowequals or exceeds 2 ft3/min (0.94 L/s) or 6 10 % when the airflow is below 2 ft3/min but more than12 ft3/min (0.24 L/s).NOTE 5A greater percentage of error will usually be acceptable atlower flows. Special flow-mea
37、suring techniques are necessary if higherprecision is required. The accuracy of the specimen leakage flowmeasurement is affected by the accuracy of the flowmeter and amount ofextraneous leakage of the apparatus (seeAnnexA1 of Test Method E283).4ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, American Society of He
38、ating,Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1972, Chapter 25.5Fluid MetersTheir Theory and Application, 5th edition, 1959.6Chapter 4, “Flow Measurements,” ASMEPower Test Code, 2nd edition, Part5, 1956.E1680 1627. Safety Precautions7.1 Glass breakage and specimen failure will not norma
39、llyoccur at the small pressure differences applied in this testprocedure. Larger or excessive pressure differences occurduring preload, due to error in operation, or when the apparatusis used for other purposes such as structural testing; thereforeexercise adequate precautions to protect personnel.8
40、. Test Specimen8.1 The roof specimen shall be of sufficient size to deter-mine the performance of all typical parts of the roof system.For roofs constructed with prefabricated or preformed units orpanels, the specimen width shall be equivalent to or greaterthan the width of three typical units plus
41、the side railsupporting elements at each edge. The specimen shall containat least three assembled side lap seams; this allows partialwidth units. The specimen width shall be sufficient to provideloading on at least one typical unit (see Fig. 1). When partialwidth units are used at the specimen sides
42、, the maximumportion to be used in calculating the specimen area shall be onehalf of the unit. The specimen shall be of sufficient length todevelop a multispan condition unless the panel is used only insingle-span applications. If two spans are used, they shall beunequal, with the shorter being 75 %
43、 of the longer. Buildingperimeter details need not and interior details, other thantypical side seams, shall not be inlcuded (see Note 3 forcommentary and exceptions). The specimen perimeter shall bewell sealed.NOTE 6The unbalanced span criterion more closely simulates multi-span panel deflection cu
44、rvature. This works the panel sidelap whileminimizing the specimen length.8.1.1 All parts of the roof test specimen shall be full size,using the same materials, details, and methods of constructionand anchorage as those on actual buildings.8.1.2 The condition of structural support shall be simulated
45、as accurately as possible. If the roof accommodates thermalFIG. 1 General Arrangement of Air Leakage ApparatusE1680 163expansion parallel to the panel length, this detail must beincluded in the test specimen, and the interior support must beable to slide parallel to the panel or its attachment, or b
46、oth.8.2 If insulation is an optional component of the roofsystem, it shall not be included in the test specimen.8.3 If only one specimen is to be tested, the selection shallbe determined by the specifying authority.NOTE 7Air leakage is likely to be a function of size, geometry, andstiffness. Therefo
47、re, select specimens covering the range of sizes to beused in a building. In general, the largest size and least stiff of a particulardesign, type, construction, and configuration shall be tested (see Note 3 forrelated commentary).9. Calibration9.1 Calibration shall be accomplished by mounting a ply
48、-wood or similar rigid blank to the test chamber in place of a testspecimen, using the same mounting procedures as those usedfor standard specimens. The blank shall be78 618 in. (22 63 mm) thick, with a 6-in. (150-mm) diameter hole over whichcalibrated orifice plates shall be mounted. The blank is n
49、otprohibited from accommodating more than one orifice plate.9.2 Each calibration orifice plate shall be constructed of18-in. (3-mm) thick stainless steel having an outside diameterof 8 in. (200 mm) and containing an interior diameter square-edged orifice, which has been calibrated traceable to theNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) at 0.57,1.57, and 6.24 lbf/ft2(27, 75, and 298 Pa).NOTE 8Calibrated orifice plates traceable to NIST may be obtained byusing the method in Annex A2 of Test Method E283.9.3 Fasten the calibration orifice
