1、Designation: E1699 10E1699 13Standard Practice forPerforming Value Engineering (VE)/Value Analysis (VA) ofBuildings Projects, Products and BuildingProcessesSystems1and Other Constructed Projects1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1699; the number immediately following the designa
2、tion indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure
3、for defining and satisfying the functions of a project.project, product, or process (hereafterreferred to as focus of study). Projects include construction of commercial and residential buildings and other engineered systems.2Products include components, systems and equipment.3 Processes include pro
4、curement, materials management, work flow,fabrication and assembly, quality control, and services.1.2 A multidisciplinary team uses the procedure to convert stakeholder constraints, needs, and desires into descriptions ofproject functions and then relates these functions to revenues and cost.resourc
5、es.1.3 Examples of costs are all relevant costs over a designated study period, including the costs of obtaining funds, designing,purchasing/leasing, constructing/installing,constructing/manufacturing/installing, operating, maintaining, repairing, replacing anddisposing of the particular building de
6、sign or system focus of study (see Terminologies E631 and E833). While not the onlycriteria, cost is an important basis for comparison in a value analysis study of a project. VE/VA study. Therefore, accurate andcomprehensive cost data is an important element of the analysis.1.4 This is a procedure t
7、o develop alternatives that meet the projects functions. functions of the focus of study. Estimate thecosts for each alternative. Provide the owner/user/stakeholder with specific, technically accurate alternatives, appropriate to thestage of project development, alternatives which can be implemented
8、. The owner/user/stakeholder selects the alternative(s) thatbest satisfies their constraints, needs and desires.1.5 Apply this practice to an entire project focus of study, or to any subsystem. subsystem/element thereof. Theuser/owner/stakeholder can utilize the VAVE/VA procedure to select the eleme
9、nt or scope of the project to be studied.study.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and Building SystemsE1369 Guide for Selecting Techniques for Treating Un
10、certainty and Risk in the Economic Evaluation of Buildings and BuildingSystemsE1557 Classification for Building Elements and Related SiteworkUNIFORMAT IIE1765 Practice forApplyingAnalytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to Multiattribute DecisionAnalysis of Investments Related toBuildings and Building Sys
11、temsE2013 Practice for Constructing FAST Diagrams and Performing Function Analysis During Value Analysis StudyE2103 Classification for Bridge ElementsUNIFORMAT II1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt
12、ee E06.81 on BuildingEconomics.Current edition approved April 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2013. Published August 2010November 2013. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20052010as E1699 00 (2005).E1699 10. DOI: 10.1520/E1699-10.10.1520/E1699-13.2 Value analysis (VA) is also referred to
13、as value engineering.Projects also include analytical studies that provide the technical basis for standards development or identifyalternative means for achieving organizational objectives and research and development activities that support the deployment of new products and processes.3 Typical co
14、nstruction-related products for each product type are: (1) componentsstructural steel members; (2) systemsfire protection systems such as sprinklers; and(3) equipmentmotorized vehicles for excavation and earthmoving, and transporting, lifting, and placing materials and components.4 For referencedAST
15、M standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user o
16、f an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as pu
17、blished by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of general terms related to building construction used in this practice, refer to
18、Terminology E631;and for general terms related to building economics, refer to Terminology E833.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 value, nAn expression of the relationship between function and resources, where function is measured by theperformance requirements of the customer
19、 and resources are measured in cost for materials, labor, and time required to accomplishthat function.3.2.2 value engineering (VE), nThe application of value methodology to projects, products, and processes for the purpose ofachieving the essential functions at the lowest life-cycle cost consistent
20、 with the required performance, reliability, quality, andsafety (syn. value analysis (VA).3.2.3 value methodology, na systematic process used to improve the value of a project/product/process by examining itsfunctions and resources using analytical, creative, and evaluation techniques.3.2.3.1 Discus
21、sionThe process, normally conducted in a collaborative and multi-disciplined team workshop format, includes: (1) information phase;(2) function analysis phase; (3) creative phase; (4) evaluation phase; (5) development phase; and (6) presentation phase. Theprocess is referred to as the job plan.4. Su
22、mmary of Practice4.1 This practice outlines the procedures for developing alternatives to a proposed design that best fulfill the needs andrequirements of the owner/user/stakeholder of the building or building system. focus of study. The practice shows how to identifythe functions of the project and
23、 its systems; focus of study; develop alternatives to fulfill the projects its functions; and evaluatethe alternatives in their ability to satisfy defined criteria.5. Significance and Use5.1 Perform VA Use of this practice increases performance; maintains/improves schedule; maintains/enhances qualit
24、y withinbudget; provides a more efficient use of resources; reduces risk; and enhances safety or effectiveness, or both. Perform VE/VA asearly as possible in the life cycle of the focus of study, and anytime conditions change, to allow greatest flexibility and effectivenessof any recommended changes
25、. However, VE/VA may be performed at any time during the planning, design, and construction-implementation phases of a project.project, product, or process.5.2 The most effective application of value analysis VE/VA is early in the design phase of a project. phase. Changes orredirection in the design
26、 can be accommodated without extensive redesign at this point, thereby saving the owner/user/stakeholders time and money.4.3 During the earliest stages of design, refer to value analysis as value planning. Use the procedure to analyze predesigndocuments, for example, program documents and space plan
27、ning documents. At the predesign stage, perform VA to define theprojects functions, and to achieve consensus on the projects direction and approach by the project team, for example, the owner,the design professional, the user, and the construction manager. By participating in this early VA exercise,
28、 members of the projectteam communicate their needs to the other team members and identify those needs in the common language of functions. Byexpressing the project in these terms early in the design process, the project team minimizes miscommunication and redesign,which are costly in both labor exp
29、enditures and schedule delays.5.3 Also perform value analysis during schematic design (up to 15 % design completion), design development (up to 45 %design completion), and construction documents (up to 100 % design completion). Conduct VA studies at several stages of designcompletion to define or co
30、nfirm project functions, to verify technical and management approaches, to analyze selection ofequipment and materials, and to assess the projects economics and technical feasibility. Perform VAstudies concurrently with theuser/owners design review schedules to maintain the project schedule. Through
31、 the schematic design and design developmentstages, the VA team analyzes the drawings and specifications from each technical discipline. During the construction documentsstage, the VAteam analyzes the design drawings and specifications, as well as the details, and equipment selection, which are more
32、clearly defined at this later stage.Projects Related to the Construction of Buildings and Other Engineered Systems:5.3.1 During the earliest stages of design, refer to VE/VAas value planning. Use the procedure to analyze predesign documents,for example, program documents and space planning documents
33、. At the predesign stage, perform VE/VA to define the projectsfunctions, and to achieve consensus on the projects direction and approach by the project team, for example, the owner, the designprofessional,5 the user, and the construction manager. By participating in this early VE/VA exercise, member
34、s of the project teamcommunicate their needs to the other team members and identify those needs in the common language of functions. By expressing5 This practice uses the term design professional to encompass the cognizant technical authority for a project, product, or process.E1699 132the project i
35、n these terms early in the design process, the project team minimizes miscommunication and redesign, which are costlyin both labor expenditures and schedule delays.5.3.2 Also perform VE/VA during schematic design (up to 15 % design completion), design development (up to 45 % designcompletion), and c
36、onstruction documents (up to 100 % design completion). Conduct VE/VA studies at several stages of designcompletion to define or confirm project functions, to verify technical and management approaches, to analyze selection ofequipment and materials, and to assess the projects economics and technical
37、 feasibility. Perform VE/VAstudies concurrently withthe user/owners design review schedules to maintain the project schedule. Through the schematic design and design developmentstages, the VE/VA team analyzes the drawings and specifications from each technical discipline. During the constructiondocu
38、ments stage, the VE/VAteam analyzes the design drawings and specifications, as well as the details, and equipment selection,which are more clearly defined at this later stage.5.3.3 A VE/VA study performed at a 90 to 100 % completion stage, just prior to bidding, concentrates on economics andtechnica
39、l feasibility. Consider methods of construction, phasing of construction, and procurement. The goals at this stage of designare to minimize construction costs and the potential for claims; analyze management and administration; and review the design,equipment, and materials used.5.3.4 During constru
40、ction, analyze value analysis change proposals (VACP)/value engineering change proposals (VECP) of thecontractor.6 VACPs/VECPs reduce the cost or duration of construction or present alternative methods of construction, withoutreducing performance or acceptance. To encourage the contractor to propose
41、 worthwhile VACPs/VECPs, the owner and thecontractor share the resultant savings when permitted by contract.5.4 A value analysis study performed at a 90 to 100 % completion stage, just prior to bidding, concentrates on economics andtechnical feasibility. Consider methods of construction, phasing of
42、construction, and procurement. The goals at this stage of designare to minimize construction costs and the potential for claims; analyze management and administration; and review the design,equipment, and materials used.Products:5.4.1 Perform VE/VA during concept development to provide a mechanism t
43、o analyze the essential attributes and developpossible alternatives to offer the best value. Evaluate technical requirements of each alternative to determine effects on totalperformance and costs. Identify areas of high cost/high-cost sensitivity and examine associated requirements in relation to it
44、scontribution to effectiveness. Utilize VE/VA to constructively challenge the stated needs and recommend alternatives and ensurethat user requirements are well founded.5.4.2 Perform VE/VA during preliminary design to analyze the relevance of each requirement and the specifications derivedfrom it. Cr
45、itically examine the cost consequences of requirements and specifications to determine whether the resultant cost iscomparable to the worth gained. Further analyze high-cost, low performance or high risk functions and the identification ofalternative ways of improving value.5.4.3 Perform VE/VAduring
46、 detail design to identify individual high-cost, low performance, or high risk areas to facilitate earlydetection of unnecessary costs in time to take corrective action. Establish maintenance plans to ensure that the design processincorporates logistic requirements and cost considerations, including
47、 reliability, maintainability, spares, and obsolescence.Analyzehow suppliers can help reduce costs. Look for opportunities to simplify the design for operational usemake the product easierto operate and maintain.5.4.4 Perform VE/VA during production to develop alternative designs to meet functional
48、needs. Apply VE/VA to evaluate andimprove manufacturing processes, methods, and materials. Leverage opportunities for VE/VAwhen: recent developments indicatea potential opportunity for performance improvement or cost reduction, or both; the future use of the product depends on significantreduction i
49、n production costs; and new manufacturing technology or new materials become available.5.4.5 Perform VE/VA during operations to study the operation, maintenance, and other logistics functions.5.4.6 Encourage the contractor to propose worthwhile VACPs/VECPs, where the owner and the contractor share the resultantsavings when permitted by contract.5.5 During construction, analyze value analysis change proposals (VACP) of the contractor. VACPs reduce the cost or durationof construction or present alternative methods of construction, without reducing performance
