1、Designation: E1748 95 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forEvaluating the Engagement Between Windows and InsectScreens as an Integral System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1748; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the static loadresistance of an insect scre
3、en in its functional position in awindow under load conditions prescribed by appropriate speci-fying authorities.1.2 This test method is applicable to insect screens largerthan 12 in. (300 mm) in least dimension that can be accessedfrom both the interior and exterior direction when the insectscreen
4、is in the functional position.1.3 This test method evaluates both the interior and exteriorstatic load resistance of the insect screen attachment to thewindow frame.1.4 This test method describes the apparatus and the proce-dure to be used for applying static loads to specimens.1.5 The values stated
5、 in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
6、It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building Constructions2.2 ANSI Standard:3ANSI/SMA 6001 Spe
7、cifications for Metal ProtectionScreens2.3 SMA Standard:4SMA/SMT 31 Testing Procedures and Equipment Bulletinfor Attachment of Screening to Frame3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology E631, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Sta
8、ndard:3.2.1 engagementthe physical state of clearances or inter-ferences of an insect screen attached to or contained within awindow unit.3.2.2 insect screena frame holding a woven netting ofsufficient strand diameter and spacing to allow ventilationwhile providing some degree of protection against
9、insects.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of installing a window unitwith its insect screen(s) in the functional position into a testframe and then applying a specified static load to the insectscreen for a duration of 60 s in both the interior and exteriordirections.5. Signific
10、ance and Use5.1 This test method is a design tool to evaluate theengagement between the window and insect screen under staticloading. The ability of insect screens to remain engageddepends on the magnitude, duration, repetition of loads, andthe method of engagement. The platen size and shape werecho
11、sen to prevent screen cloth damage during static loading.The 60-s duration was arbitrarily chosen to standardize this testmethod.5.2 This test method is not intended for evaluating retentionof woven screen mesh to a screen frame.NOTE 1The procedure described in SMA/SMT 31 is one method thathas been
12、developed for such evaluation.5.3 This test method is not intended for evaluating retentionof security or protection screens used as a deterrent againstvandalism or forced entry.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibil
13、ity of Subcommittee E06.51on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E1748 95 (2001).DOI: 10.1520/E1748-95R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit
14、the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, N
15、Y 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Screen Manufacturers Association (SMA), 3950 N. LakeshoreDr., Chicago, IL 60613-3431, http:/www.smainfo.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 2The procedure described in
16、ANSI/SMA 6001 is one methodthat has been developed for such evaluation.5.4 This test method is not intended for evaluating theretention of insect screens being used as a restraint of occu-pants within the building as a means of preventing accidentalfalls.5.5 This test method is not intended for eval
17、uating retentionof insect screens for their ability to withstand impacts fromwindborne debris as might develop during hurricanes or otherwindstorm events.6. Apparatus6.1 Test FrameA reaction frame or box constructed toaccept and rigidly position the test specimen to permit appli-cation of load from
18、both the interior and exterior directionswith sufficient clearances so as not to interfere with thedeflection or displacement of the test specimen under load. Testframes shall be constructed to permit vertical installation of thetest specimen. Test frames are permitted to be rotated to thehorizontal
19、 position after the test specimen is installed tofacilitate testing using dead weights.6.2 Static Loading DeviceA load application device ordead weights capable of applying the specified static load to thetest specimen through a rigid circular platen 12 612 in.(300 6 15 mm) in diameter. The bottom e
20、dge of the platenshall be rounded to a radius between132 to14 in. (1 to 6 mm)to prevent cutting the insect screening during load application.The applied static load shall be measured to an accuracy of61 lb (4.5 N) of the total load applied to include, if appropri-ate, the mass of the insect screen a
21、nd applied mass of theplaten.7. Test Specimens7.1 The test specimen shall consist of the entire assembledinsect screen and its engagement into a window unit. Insectscreens shall be positioned in their functional position for alltests.7.1.1 Operating glazed sash or storm inserts, if present, shallbe
22、in an open position such that they will not interfere withdeflections of the screen and frame under loading or removedfrom the test specimen assembly.7.1.2 When a test specimen contains more than one insectscreen that is not identical in construction and design engage-ment, each insect screen shall
23、be tested separately.7.2 Test specimens shall be of the greatest dimension inboth directions for which conformance is desired, unlessotherwise prescribed by the specifying authority.NOTE 3Test specimen performance is likely to be a function of sizeand geometry.8. Information Required8.1 In specifyin
24、g this test method, the specifying authorityshall supply the following information:8.1.1 The interior and exterior static load, and8.1.2 The number and location of deflection or displacementmeasurements required during and after removal of load, ifany.9. Procedure9.1 PreparationRemove any sealing or
25、 packing materialthat is not normally part of the assembly as installed. Fit thetest specimen into the test frame in accordance with themanufacturers installation instructions. Position all operatingglazed sash or panels in an open position such that they will notinterfere with deflections of the sc
26、reen and frame under loadingor remove them from the test specimen. Place all insect screensin their functional position.9.2 Operate the insect screen (except as noted in 9.2.3) fivetimes prior to testing. After operation, position the test appa-ratus so that one side of the test specimen faces the s
27、taticloading device.9.2.1 Fixed removable insect screens shall be removed andinstalled five times.9.2.2 Operating insect screens shall be moved to their fullyopened and then fully closed positions, (or moved from theirfunctional to stored positions and then back again) five times.9.2.3 Fixed, nonrem
28、ovable insect screens shall require nooperation prior to testing.9.3 Apply the specified static load perpendicular to the testspecimen with the platen centered on the insect screen, that is,that point where diagonal lines drawn through the screencorners intersect. No dynamic forces are to be introdu
29、ced intothe test during the loading of the specimen. After the load is atrest, it shall remain in position for a period of 60 6 5s.9.4 Remove load.9.5 Observe and report (see 10.1) any disengagement ordeformation.9.6 Inspect the insect screen for damage if disengagement ordistortion occurs and allow
30、 for the use of a new insect screenprior to testing in the reverse direction, if appropriate.9.7 Reposition the test apparatus or specimen so that theopposite side of the test specimen faces the static loadingdevice.9.8 Repeat 9.3-9.5.9.9 If multiple insect screens are to be tested, it is permis-sib
31、le to use the same window unit with a new insect screenproviding no damage to the window is found upon inspection.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Date of the test and the report,10.1.2 Identification of the specimen (manufacturer, sourceof supply, dimensions, model types, mate
32、rial, and other perti-nent information),10.1.3 Detailed drawings of the specimen, showing dimen-sioned vertical and horizontal cross sections of the insectscreen engagement into the window, anchorage, and any otherpertinent construction details. Include a description of the type,quantity, and locati
33、on(s) of the locking and operating hardware.Any deviation from the drawings or any modifications made tothe specimen (including removal of the sash when necessary,and if this would be likely to affect the results of the test) toobtain the reported values shall be noted on the drawings andin the repo
34、rt,10.1.4 The load in pounds (newtons) exerted on the speci-men,E1748 95 (2009)210.1.5 If disengagements occur, report the location anddegree of any permanent deformations or other signs ofdamage for each specimen tested,10.1.6 When the tests are made to check conformity of thespecimen to a particul
35、ar specification, identify or describe thatspecification,10.1.7 A statement that the tests were or were not conductedin accordance with this test method, along with a full descrip-tion of any deviations from this test method,10.1.8 The name of the author of the report,10.1.9 The names and addresses
36、of both the testing agencythat conducted the tests and the requester of the tests,10.1.10 Ambient conditions, including temperature, beforeand during tests, and10.1.11 Signatures of persons responsible for supervision ofthe tests and a list of official observers.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Due to the
37、 subjective nature of the test method failuremode (engagement or extent of engagement), it is not possibleto determine the precision or bias of this test method.12. Keywords12.1 engagement; insect screen; windowASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserte
38、d in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by th
39、e responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
40、careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internat
41、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).E1748 95 (2009)3
