1、Designation: E 1760 09Standard Guide forUnrestricted Disposition of Bulk Materials ContainingResidual Amounts of Radioactivity1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1760; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe feasibility of the recycle of bulk material containing trace amounts of radioactive contaminationd
3、epends on the dose to the public that could occur as a result. However, the assessment of this dosedepends not only on the measurements of contaminants present, but also on the future use of thematerial and the pathways by which persons can be exposed. This guide provides a recommendedapproach to su
4、pport a petition (to a regulatory agency) seeking approval for the recycle or disposal ofthe material outside of the radioactive materials regulatory arena.Since dose rate limits have been established by regulation, this approach is a recommended way todemonstrate compliance with them.The Scope defi
5、nes the range of applicability of this guide; the Summary identifies the two majorsteps that comprise the method; and the significance of the guide is given in Section 5. Section 6discusses the need for dose rate based release criteria, and Section 7 delineates the steps for decidingwhether or not a
6、 material should be considered for recycle. Section 8 describes the steps needed toimplement the recommendations of this guide including the development of a data package to supportthe petition and to serve as a permanent record.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the techniques for obtaining approvalfor
7、release of materials encountered in decontamination anddecommissioning (D “Users Manual forRESRAD-BUILD,” ANL/EAD-03-1,”; “Users Manual for RESRAD-OFFSITE,”NUREG/CR-6937 and “RESRAD-RECYCLE, A Computer Model for Analyzingthe Radiological Dose and Risks Resulting from the Recycle of Scrap Metal and t
8、heReuse of Surface Contaminated Material and Equipment,” ANL/EAD-3. Availableonline at www.ead.anl.gov.6International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100,A-1400 Vienna, Austria.7Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.FIG
9、. 1 Prerequisites for Material To Be Candidate For ReleaseE1760092radioactive contaminants and concentrations. Sampling shouldbe done using standard statistical inspection methods. Thekinds of analyses shall be appropriate for the potential con-taminant expected, and performed using standard techniq
10、ues(E 1892). For some of these analyses, for example,3Hor14Cinactivated concrete or55Fe in steel, the standard techniques arebeyond the capabilities of many laboratories. Material thatpasses the logic diagram shown in Fig. 1 is candidate forrelease. The sampling, analysis, and determination of candi
11、-dacy must be documented and included in the record package.The RESRAD family of computer codes, particularlyRESRAD-RECYCLE, provide a methodology for correlatingunrestricted disposition criteria with the measurable radiologi-cal quantities contained within the bulk materials. For example,end-point
12、receptor dose may be correlated to radioactiveconcentration through site-specific pathways.4.2 Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows how a material that iscandidate for release should be treated to justify its releasefrom radiological restriction use. Section 7 describes themethodology shown.5. Significance
13、 and Use5.1 Materials encountered during D radiologicallycontaminated materials; release of materialsE1760095APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. TYPICAL INTENDED USES, EXPOSURE SCENARIOS, AND RECEPTORS FOR BULK MATERIAL RELEASEX1.1 The intended use of a material is defined by theowner/petitioner
14、 based on the nature of the material and theplans of the intended recipient. The first column below listscommon types of bulk materials encountered during decom-missioning, as well as a common use for each. For example,concrete rubble could be used for clean fill, or disposed of in asanitary landfil
15、l. Slightly contaminated asbestos, in contrast,has no reuse but can be disposed of in a permitted sanitarylandfill if the dose to the public is sufficiently small. Thesecond column identifies the way (scenario) that members ofthe public would receive the highest dose because of theintended use. For
16、materials that are to be disposed of in asanitary landfill, or used as fill, the greatest credible doseusually would occur if the land were later occupied by aresident farmer. The analysis to determine the magnitude of theresulting dose would include all of the usual pathways appli-cable in the area
17、 where the material is to be placed, that is,direct exposure, resuspension, meat, milk, vegetables, aquaticfoods, and drinking water. A possible intended use scenario forferrous metal that is to be melted and reused as structural steelwould be the exposure to persons who dwell in an apartmentconstru
18、cted from that steel, and the applicable pathway wouldbe by direct exposure. The third column lists the person whowould receive the highest dose.Material Type/Use Intended Use Scenario ReceptorBuilding rubble/landfill Residential FarmerAsbestos/landfill Residential FarmerGranular material/landfill R
19、esidential FarmerGranular material/clean fill Residential FarmerMetal ingot/structural Apartment Occupancy LesseeHazardous waste/permitted disposal Residential FarmerX2. TYPICAL UNPLANNED USES, EXPOSURE SCENARIOS, AND RECEPTORS FOR BULK MATERIALRELEASEX2.1 The unplanned use of a material would occur
20、 if bymistake the material were not used for its intended purpose, butin some other way. The unplanned use scenario is the crediblealternative to the intended use that gives the highest dose. Forexample, material to be disposed of in a sanitary landfill mayinstead be dumped on the surface, or steel
21、planned forstructural purposes may instead be used in the manufacture ofdishwashers or stoves. The residential farmer scenario isusually the most conservative for material placed in or on theground, but pathways may differ. One suggested for granularfill is a residential scenario that includes as on
22、e pathway theingestion by a child.Another pathway would apply if a residentfarmer would dig up a hazardous waste disposal site and beexposed to the trace radionuclides present.Material Type/UseSecondaryScenario ReceptorBuilding rubble/landfill excavation Residential FarmerAsbestos/landfill excavatio
23、n Residential FarmerGranular material/landfill excavation Residential FarmerGranular material/clean fill Consumption Resident childMetal ingot/structural Home use DomesticHazardous waste/permitted landfill excavation Residential FarmerASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of a
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