1、Designation: E1777 09 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Guide forPrioritization of Data Needs for Pavement Management1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1777; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide identifies data needs for pavement manage-ment systems. It also addresses the relative importance ofvarious t
3、ypes of pavement data.1.2 This guide was developed for use by federal, state, andlocal agencies, as well as consultants who provide services tothose agencies.1.3 This guide describes a process and provides a set ofrecommendations that any agency may use to develop a planfor acquiring pavement manage
4、ment data. Any individualagency may justifiably assign higher or lower priority tospecified data items depending on their needs and policy.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
5、 establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3319 Practice for the Accelerated Polishing of AggregatesUsing the British WheelD4123 Test Method for Indirect Tension Test for Resi
6、lientModulus of Bituminous Mixtures (Withdrawn 2003)3D4602 Guide for Nondestructive Testing of Pavements Us-ing Cyclic-Loading Dynamic Deflection EquipmentD4694 Test Method for Deflections with a Falling-Weight-Type Impulse Load DeviceD4695 Guide for General Pavement Deflection Measure-mentsD4748 Te
7、st Method for Determining the Thickness of BoundPavement Layers Using Short-Pulse RadarD5340 Test Method for Airport Pavement Condition IndexSurveysD6433 Practice for Roads and Parking Lots Pavement Con-dition Index SurveysE274 Test Method for Skid Resistance of Paved SurfacesUsing a Full-Scale Tire
8、E303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Proper-ties Using the British Pendulum TesterE445/E445M Test Method for Stopping Distance on PavedSurfaces Using a Passenger Vehicle Equipped With Full-Scale TiresE501 Specification for Rib Tire for Pavement Skid-Resistance TestsE503/E503M Test Metho
9、ds for Measurement of Skid Resis-tance on Paved Surfaces Using a Passenger VehicleDiagonal Braking Technique (Withdrawn 2010)3E524 Specification for Smooth Tire for Pavement Skid-Resistance TestsE556 Test Method for Calibrating a Wheel Force or TorqueTransducer Using a Calibration Platform (User Lev
10、el)E660 Practice for Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates orPavement Surfaces Using a Small-Wheel, Circular TrackPolishing Machine (Withdrawn 2006)3E670 Test Method for Testing Side Force Friction on PavedSurfaces Using the Mu-MeterE770 Test Method for Classifying Pavement Surface Tex-tures (Withdraw
11、n 1991)3E867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE950 Test Method for Measuring the Longitudinal Profile ofTraveled Surfaces with an Accelerometer EstablishedInertial Profiling ReferenceE965 Test Method for Measuring Pavement MacrotextureDepth Using a Volumetric TechniqueE1082 Test Metho
12、d for Measurement of Vehicular Responseto Traveled Surface RoughnessE1166 Guide for Network Level Pavement ManagementE1170 Practices for Simulating Vehicular Response to Lon-gitudinal Profiles of Traveled SurfacesE1215 Specification for Trailers Used for Measuring Vehicu-lar Response to Road Roughne
13、ss1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle -Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.42 onPavement Management and Data Needs.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition appro
14、ved in 2009 as E1777 09. DOI:10.1520/E1777-09R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last ap
15、proved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E1274 Test Method for Measuring Pavement RoughnessUsing a ProfilographE1337 Test Method for Determining Longitudin
16、al PeakBraking Coefficient of Paved Surfaces Using StandardReference Test TireE1911 Test Method for Measuring Paved Surface FrictionalProperties Using the Dynamic Friction TesterE1926 Practice for Computing International Roughness In-dex of Roads from Longitudinal Profile Measurements2.2 Other Publi
17、cations:Guidelines on Pavement Management, AASHTO (1990)4AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Struc-tures, AASHTO (1986)4FHWAPavement Policy for Highways, Federal Register, Vol54, No. 8 pp. 135358 (Jan. 13, 1989)5Pavement Management Practices, NCHRP Synthesis135 (1987)6Guidelines and Procedures for M
18、aintenance of AirportPavements, FAA Circular 150-5320-67Distress Identification Manual, FHWA, Publication No.FHWA-RD-03-031 June 200383. Significance and Use3.1 A key objective of all pavement-management systems(PMS) is to provide a factual basis for improving the quality ofdecision making regarding
19、 the budgeting, design,programming, construction, maintenance and operation of apavement network. Quality decision making requires a currentinventory of the pavement system, evaluation of the presentcondition and use of the pavement system, estimation of futurecondition, and the implications of any
20、changes in condition.3.2 This guide may be used to identify data needs forpavement management by considering the use, generic type,and relative importance of the pavement. It can also assist inidentifying methods for obtaining the data.3.3 Any data element selected for collection should have aspecif
21、ic use and be of value in providing information from thePMS for the decision making process.3.4 The specific type of data needed to make informedpavement management decisions will vary with such factors asthe size, complexity and condition of the pavement network,the levels of service to be provided
22、, the agency budget andbudgeting process. Further, since pavement management is adynamic process, responsive to changes in technology, the dataneeds for a particular agency may be expected to change overtime. Accordingly, judgment invariably will be required inapplying this guide to develop a hierar
23、chy of data needs.4. Data Types and Acquisition Methods4.1 General types of pavement management data include theactual physical measurement of the pavement, informationabout usage, (that is, traffic and accident data) and administra-tive information. Both the types and acquisition methods ofpavement
24、 management data can be generally classified.4.2 The most appropriate classifications for the varioustypes of pavement data are those related to the followinggroups.4.2.1 Performance, the ability of a pavement to fulfill itspurpose over time as reflected in the measurable change incondition over tim
25、e,4.2.2 History, past occurrences that influence pavementperformance,4.2.3 Costs, investment necessary for performance improve-ment or the liability as a result of declining performance,4.2.4 Policies and Regulations, decisions that are made asconstraints to pavement systems,4.2.5 Geometry, alignmen
26、t, dimensions and shape of thepavement and its appurtenances, and4.2.6 Environment, external factors affecting pavement per-formance.4.3 This classification scheme has been used to incorporateall the component generic data types in Table 1. Table 1 alsopresents the corresponding methods to acquire t
27、hose datatypes, again on a generic basis.5. Sample Size and Frequency5.1 The collection of pavement management data may becontinuous or may involve a sampling process based on time,location, or other suitable parameters. The general type ofsample (stratified or continuous), its size, and the time in
28、tervalbetween repeat sampling, may vary considerably from agencyto agency and from one type of analysis to another. Theappropriate type and rate of sampling is dictated primarily bythe nature of the analysis to be performed (that is, networkversus project, trend analysis versus project design), ther
29、elative importance of the end use (that is, policy setting versusroutine analysis), the budget of the managing agency, as well asconventional statistical considerations required to ensure thatthe data will be sufficiently accurate and precise to permit validinterferences to be drawn.6. Typical Uses
30、of Pavement Management Data6.1 Pavement management data is used for network andproject level purposes. Network level management requiresinformation for planning, budgeting, and forecasting trends.Project level management requires information for design andengineering of specific pavement sections or
31、 projects. Thevarious data are used in network and project level analysis asshown in Table 2.7. Factors in Establishing Priorities7.1 The following factors are important and should beconsidered in establishing data priorities, although not neces-sarily in the order listed.7.1.1 Type and class of fac
32、ility, highway (urban versusrural); airfield (commercial versus general),4Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.5Available from the U.S. Department of Transportat
33、ion, Federal HighwayAdministration, Washington, DC 20590, http:/www.dot.gov/new.6Available from the Transportation Research Board, The National Academies,500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001, http:/www.trb.org.7Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 IndependenceAve., SW, Wash
34、ington, DC 20591, http:/www.faa.gov.8Available from the Federal Highway Research, 6300 Georgetown Pike,McLean, Virginia, 22101E1777 09 (2015)27.1.2 Functional classification, highway (freeway, arterial,collector, local); airfield (runway, taxiway, apron),7.1.3 Levels-of-service, that is, limiting va
35、lues of roughness,severity and extent of various types of surface distress, etc.,7.1.4 Size of pavement network,7.1.5 Type of agency, that is, federal, state, local,7.1.6 Characteristics of agency, that is, size, technicalexpertise, budget, data acquisition and data processingcapabilities, policy, e
36、tc.,7.1.7 Traffc, for highways: traffic volumes, vehicle classesand weights; for airfields: maximum wheel loads, number ofrepetitions of various loads,7.1.8 Intended use(s) and users of data, that is, developstatus reports, planning and programming documents, designor maintenance requirements, asses
37、s current analysistechniques, develop legislation and public information,7.1.9 Type and cost of data acquisition, that is, manual,semi-automated, automated,7.1.10 Required precision and bias of various elements,apply general policy or standards,7.1.11 Prevalent distress types, rutting, raveling, cra
38、cking,etc.7.1.12 Frequency of data collection, that is, time and spacemay vary with type of facility, agency budget, current networkcondition, etc., and7.1.13 Requirements for output to other agencies, forexample, legislative/administrative mandates.8. Priority of Data Needs Guidelines8.1 Many of th
39、e factors listed in Section 7, and described inmore detail in Table 2, have been considered in developingguidelines that indicate the relative importance of the variousdata items in network and project level applications. Theseguidelines are shown in Table 3, Table 4, and Table 5respectively, for ro
40、ads, airfields, and other paved areas.8.2 In the tables, the relative importance of a data to the itemto the decision made at a given level is classified as either high,medium, or low (H, M, or L).TABLE 1 Pavement Management Data Items and Acquisition MethodsPerformance-RelatedData Category Typical
41、Acquisition Method(s) Available Related ASTM StandardsRoughness subjective ratingresponse type equipment E1082, E1215profile measurement and response simulation E950, E1170profilograph measurements E1274Surface distress pavement distress surveys (manual or automated) D5340, D6433Friction side force
42、equipment E670locked wheel equipment E274, E445/E445M, E501, E503/E503M, E524,E556dynamic friction tester E1911peak braking coefficient equipment E1337pendulum equipment E303texture measurement methods D3319, E660, E770, E965Deflection impulse equipment D4694, D4695static equipment D4695cyclic force
43、 equipment D4602,D4695Layer material properties in-situ and laboratory material testing Many ASTM standards (Vol 04.03)back-calculation of material properties from field tests None exist. Several useful methods availablenondestructive pavement tests D4694, D4695layer thickness D4748History-RelatedMa
44、intenance history records, estimates, surveys, in-situ testingConstruction history (includes new construction,reconstruction, rehabilitation and repair)as-built records, estimates, surveys, in-situ testingTraffic records, estimates and surveysAccidents records, estimates and surveysCost-RelatedConst
45、ruction costs (includes new construction,reconstruction, rehabilitation and repair)records, estimates and surveysMaintenance costs records, estimates and surveysUser costs records, estimates and surveysPolicy-RelatedBudget records, public officials and other agenciesAvailable alternatives records, o
46、rganizations, suppliers and other agenciesLevels of service public officials and policy statementsGeometry-RelatedSection dimensions records, estimates, direct measure and in-situ testingCurvature records, estimates and direct measureCross slope records, estimates and direct measureVertical curvatur
47、e records, estimates and direct measureShoulder/curbs records, estimates and direct measureEnvironment-RelatedDrainage analysis from records or field observation/measurementClimate analysis from records or field observation/measurementE1777 09 (2015)3TABLE 2 Typical Uses of Pavement Management DataN
48、etwork and Project LevelsData Category Network Level Project LevelPerformance-RelatedRoughness a) Describe present status and estimate impacts on users a) Quality assurance (as-built quality of new surface)b) Predict future status (deterioration curves) and impact on conditionand usersb) Create dete
49、rioration curvesc) Identify current and future needs c) Estimate milling/leveling/overlay quantitiesd) Basics for priority analysis and programming d) Determine effectiveness and benefit of alternative treatmentsSurface distress a) Describe present status and estimate impacts on users a) Selection of maintenance treatmentb) Predict future status (deterioration curves) and impact on conditionand usersb) Predict future statusc) Identify current and future needs c) Identify needed spot improvementsd) Maintenance priority programming d) Develop maintenance and construction quant
