1、Designation: E 1796 03Standard Guide forSelection and Use of Liquid Coating EncapsulationProducts for Leaded Paint in Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1796; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended to provide building users such asprivate building owners, contractors, archit
3、ects, homeowners,and regulatory authorities with assistance in selecting anappropriate liquid coating encapsulation product for architec-tural residence and child-care facility use situations for abatingleaded paint. This guide also provides information that can beused to assist in the following: (1
4、) determining whether apainted surface is suitable for encapsulation, (2) applying aliquid coating encapsulation product, (3) evaluating installedliquid coating encapsulation products, and (4) maintaining theencapsulated surface.1.2 This guide applies to any liquid-applied product thatrelies primari
5、ly on adhesion for attachment to the surface andis designed to reduce human exposure to lead in paint.1.3 This guide is not intended for use as a training manual.The information contained herein is not all-inclusive and doesnot provide comprehensive instructions for the selection,application, or mai
6、ntenance of specific liquid coating encapsu-lation products. This guide is intended to supplement informa-tion supplied by encapsulation product manufacturers andsafety requirements established by law. The user of this guideshall refer to the encapsulation product manufacturers instruc-tions for enc
7、apsulation product application and maintenance.1.4 This guide does not cover minimum material perfor-mance requirements for liquid coating encapsulation products.Performance specifications for non-reinforced liquid coatingencapsulation products are provided in Specification E 1795.Performance specif
8、ications for reinforced liquid coating encap-sulation products are provided in Specification E 1797.1.5 Encapsulation products for use on industrial steel struc-tures are not covered in this guide. Industrial steel structuresinclude, but are not limited to, bridges, water towers, and tanks.1.6 Limit
9、ed documentation is available on evaluating thefield performance of liquid coating encapsulation products. Aconservative approach to assessing the selection and use ofliquid coating encapsulation products is thus adopted in thisguide. As appropriate, the guidance provided within will berevised as ad
10、ditional knowledge regarding how these productsperform over time is gained.1.7 The user of this guide should follow all regulationspromulgated by authorities having jurisdiction regarding theuse of encapsulation products.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values
11、 given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regul
12、atory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology Relating to Paint, Coatings, Materials,and ApplicationsD 1005 Test Methods for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD 1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-ness
13、of Organic CoatingsD 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating Degree of Chalking ofExterior Paint FilmsD 5064 Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to AssessCoating CompatibilityE 1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in BuildingsE 1795 Specification for Non
14、-Reinforced Liquid CoatingEncapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.23 on Lead PaintAbatement.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October
15、 2003. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E 1796 97.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summar
16、y page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E 1797 Specification for Reinforced Liquid Coating Encap-sulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms u
17、sed in this guide,refer to Terminologies D 16 and E 1605.4. Significance and Use4.1 This standard primarily addresses encapsulant productsfor residential and child-care facilities. It may also be appro-priate for some commercial buildings.4.2 Encapsulation provides a means of protecting occupantsfro
18、m exposure to lead in paint in buildings that are likely toremain standing for a long period of time. This nondestructiveabatement strategy is useful in situations in which the primarystructure needs to remain intact for either historical or eco-nomic reasons. Encapsulation offers an abatement strat
19、egy thatmay be more cost effective than abatement by removal of thepaint.4.3 There are many environmental and use conditions thataffect leaded paint liquid coating encapsulation products, anddifferent types of liquid coating encapsulation products havebeen developed specifically to meet the requirem
20、ents of thevarious conditions. Product types include reinforced and non-reinforced liquid coatings, as well as products for interior orexterior use. These products may be applied over manydifferent surfaces coated with one or more layers of leadedpaint and possibly other coatings. Encapsulation prod
21、ucts inservice are subjected to many kinds of wear. Various colors andfinishes are also available. This guide is intended to assist thepurchaser in determining which product is most appropriate forthe specific conditions under which the product will be used.4.4 As described in this guide, an encapsu
22、lation productmust be compatible with the surface to which it is applied. Anencapsulation product must bond to the surface coating, andnot cause the subsurface layers to separate or adverselydeteriorate.5. Determining the Suitability of a Painted Componentfor Encapsulation5.1 Prior to selecting a li
23、quid coating encapsulation product,the substrate, subsurface coating layers, and surface to beencapsulated should be assessed to determine whether they aresuitable for encapsulation and to provide information to beused when selecting an encapsulation product type. Theassessment should include evalua
24、ting both the condition of thesubstrate and the integrity of the existing subsurface layers, anddetermining the surface use conditions, such as the degree ofimpact, abrasion, or weathering that the surface receives.5.2 Painted ComponentsWhen assessing surfaces to beencapsulated, all painted componen
25、ts to be encapsulatedshould be identified and assessed individually since thesecomponents may experience different use and environmentalconditions. Different painted components within a room oftenhave distinct painting histories, which can affect their suitabil-ity for encapsulation. Examples of pai
26、nted components includewalls, doors, door jambs, window sills, window casings, andchair rails.5.3 Assessment of SubstratesThe substrate may be com-posed of wood, metal, plaster, masonry, or other buildingmaterial(s). The substrate should be sound and intact, or madeso, before application of a liquid
27、 coating encapsulation prod-uct. Encapsulating a surface that exhibits large-scale, systemicdamage to the substrate would likely not be effective since thedamaged substrate may not have the structural integrity neededto support a liquid coating encapsulation product. The overallcondition of the subs
28、trate should be evaluated first for evidenceof structural integrity and systemic damage, such as moistureor water damage, that might cause the surface to be unsuitablefor encapsulation until it is repaired. Next, the surface shouldbe evaluated for localized damage such as cracks, holes, orother sign
29、s of deterioration. Spot repairs to correct localizeddamage may be necessary in order to provide a surface that canbe encapsulated successfully.5.4 Assessment of Surface and Subsurface Coating Layers:5.4.1 A comprehensive assessment of the condition of theexisting surface and subsurface coating laye
30、rs should beperformed in order to determine whether the painted compo-nent can be encapsulated successfully. The condition of theexisting surface and subsurface coating layers should beexamined visually for signs of deterioration. The type andextent of the deterioration and whether the areas of dete
31、riora-tion are systemic, random, or localized should be evaluated.The surface should be assessed visually for cleanliness sincefood, oil, grease, and dirt can affect the adhesion of anencapsulant to the surface. The amount of abrasion that thesurface experiences should be evaluated and repairs made
32、tobuilding components reduce abrasion, if necessary. The surfaceshould be examined for signs of chalking. Adhesion testsshould be performed to evaluate the cohesive strength of thesubsurface coating layers. The procedures for performing theentire assessment are explained below.5.4.2 Types of Surface
33、 and Subsurface Coating LayerDeteriorationThe surface should be evaluated for evidenceof chalking, chipping, flaking, peeling, cracking, checking,blistering, or broken paint. Small, localized areas of deterio-rated paint that are not caused by an ongoing, underlyingsource can be repaired by priming,
34、 patching, bridging, smooth-ing, wet-sanding, or other methods. The painted component tobe encapsulated should be evaluated for the amount of abrasionand repeated impact it experiences during use. Painted com-ponents that experience extreme abrasion or repeated impactare generally not suitable for e
35、ncapsulation. These paintedcomponents include, but are not limited to, window headers,stops, mullions, sashes and parting beads, inside door jambs,floors, and stair treads. Painted components having surfacesthat rub together, such as drawers or cabinet doors, might alsobe ineligible for encapsulatio
36、n. A surface may be suitable forencapsulation if the source of abrasion can be eliminated bysuch steps as scaling windows or planing doors.5.4.3 Extent of Coating DeteriorationThe painted com-ponentshould be evaluated to determine what portion is dete-riorated. If the deterioration is limited to rel
37、atively small,localized areas then repairs can be considered. If large areasexhibit deterioration, other abatement methods should beE1796032considered since extensive surface preparation will be re-quired. Large areas of deterioration can be indicative ofunderlying, ongoing sources of the deteriorat
38、ion including, butnot limited to water leaks, thermal changes, incompatiblepaints, or excessive sublayer coating thickness.5.4.4 Localized, Random, or Systemic DeteriorationThesurface should be examined for evidence of persistent, under-lying sources of deteriorated existing paint. Sources of dete-r
39、ioration include excessive moisture, sudden or dramatic tem-perature changes, high humidity conditions, incompatiblepaints, or excessive sublayer coating thickness. Areas ofrandom deterioration or areas of deterioration that are widelydispersed over the entire surface can be evidence of anongoing, u
40、nderlying problem. The source of the deteriorationshould be identified and corrected before the encapsulationprocess begins. Smaller, localized areas of deterioration thathave an external source, such as previous wear or abuse, can berepaired by patching, smoothing, bridging, wet-sanding, orother me
41、thods after the source has been eliminated.5.4.5 Assessment of Painted Surfaces for ChalkAn as-sessment of the amount of chalk on the surface should beconducted in accordance with Test Methods D 4214. This canbe accomplished by running one or more gloved fingers on thepainted or coated surface. (A c
42、ontrasting colored glove pro-vides a more visible surface to evaluate for chalking.) Chalkvisible on the glove is evidence that the paint surface hasdegraded. This residue is different from household dust. Ifchalk is visible on the glove, the chalk should be removed orthe surface should be treated w
43、ith a suitable sealant or primerprior to the application of a liquid coating encapsulationproduct.5.4.6 Tape Test for AdhesionAn initial tape test should beperformed on each painted component to be encapsulated inorder to quickly evaluate the adhesion between the layers of theexisting paint. The tes
44、t results for a particular painted compo-nent might vary since the amount of deterioration betweenpaint layers is often not uniform over the entire paintedcomponent. To perform the pull-off adhesion tape test, place apiece of pressure-sensitive tape3, 125 to 150 mm (5 to 6 in.)long by 50 mm (2 in.)
45、wide, over the surface to be tested. Thesurface to be tested should be clean and dry. Press the tapefirmly against the surface. Smooth the tape into place, and rubfirmly with the eraser end of a pencil. Within 90 s ofapplication, remove the tape smoothly and rapidly, at an angleas close to 180 as po
46、ssible. Examine the tape. There should beno paint or any other material from the surface being tested onthe back of the tape. The surface is generally not suitable forencapsulation, if any coating material comes off the surfaceonto the tape.5.4.7 Assessment of Painted Surfaces for AdhesionForpainted
47、 components passing the initial tape adhesion test,conduct the “X” cut adhesion test in accordance with TestMethods D 3359, MethodA. The minimum performance ratingshould be 3A to ensure that the existing paint has adequateadhesive and cohesive strength to support additional stressescaused by the app
48、lication of an encapsulation product.5.4.7.1 Causes of Poor Adhesion Test ResultsAn incom-patibility between existing subsurface coating layers can causeone or more of the layers to pull away from the substrate easily.Examples of incompatible existing layers include, but are notlimited to the follow
49、ing: a layer of flat latex paint over animproperly prepared, glossy, oil-based enamel paint; a poor-quality paint layer that is not adhering well to the underlyingsubstrate; and multiple layers of paint that have begun to pullaway from the substrate or other existing subsurface layers.Extremely thick existing paint layers can also result in pooradhesion.6. Selection of a Liquid Coating Encapsulation Product6.1 This section provides guidance for selecting a liquidcoating encapsulation product after the surfaces to be encap-sulated have been assessed for suitability, as dire
