1、Designation: E1796 03 (Reapproved 2011)1Standard Guide forSelection and Use of Liquid Coating EncapsulationProducts for Leaded Paint in Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1796; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections were made to Section 2 in April 2011.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intend
3、ed to provide building users such asprivate building owners, contractors, architects, homeowners,and regulatory authorities with assistance in selecting anappropriate liquid coating encapsulation product for architec-tural residence and child-care facility use situations for abatingleaded paint. Thi
4、s guide also provides information that can beused to assist in the following: (1) determining whether apainted surface is suitable for encapsulation, (2) applying aliquid coating encapsulation product, (3) evaluating installedliquid coating encapsulation products, and (4) maintaining theencapsulated
5、 surface.1.2 This guide applies to any liquid-applied product thatrelies primarily on adhesion for attachment to the surface andis designed to reduce human exposure to lead in paint.1.3 This guide is not intended for use as a training manual.The information contained herein is not all-inclusive and
6、doesnot provide comprehensive instructions for the selection,application, or maintenance of specific liquid coating encapsu-lation products. This guide is intended to supplement informa-tion supplied by encapsulation product manufacturers andsafety requirements established by law. The user of this g
7、uideshall refer to the encapsulation product manufacturers instruc-tions for encapsulation product application and maintenance.1.4 This guide does not cover minimum material perfor-mance requirements for liquid coating encapsulation products.Performance specifications for non-reinforced liquid coati
8、ngencapsulation products are provided in Specification E1795.Performance specifications for reinforced liquid coating encap-sulation products are provided in Specification E1797.1.5 Encapsulation products for use on industrial steel struc-tures are not covered in this guide. Industrial steel structu
9、resinclude, but are not limited to, bridges, water towers, and tanks.1.6 Limited documentation is available on evaluating thefield performance of liquid coating encapsulation products. Aconservative approach to assessing the selection and use ofliquid coating encapsulation products is thus adopted i
10、n thisguide. As appropriate, the guidance provided within will berevised as additional knowledge regarding how these productsperform over time is gained.1.7 The user of this guide should follow all regulationspromulgated by authorities having jurisdiction regarding theuse of encapsulation products.1
11、.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
12、 associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materia
13、ls,and ApplicationsD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-ness of Organic CoatingsD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking
14、of Exterior Paint FilmsD5064 Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to AssessCoating CompatibilityE1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in BuildingsE1795 Specification for Non-Reinforced Liquid CoatingEncapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in BuildingsE1797 Specification for Reinforced Liquid Coating En
15、cap-sulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.23 on LeadHazards Associated with Buildings.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Origi
16、nallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1796 03. DOI:10.1520/E1796-03R11E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards
17、Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guide,refer to Terminologies D16 and E1605.4. Significance and Use4.1 This st
18、andard primarily addresses encapsulant productsfor residential and child-care facilities. It may also be appro-priate for some commercial buildings.4.2 Encapsulation provides a means of protecting occupantsfrom exposure to lead in paint in buildings that are likely toremain standing for a long perio
19、d of time. This nondestructiveabatement strategy is useful in situations in which the primarystructure needs to remain intact for either historical or eco-nomic reasons. Encapsulation offers an abatement strategy thatmay be more cost effective than abatement by removal of thepaint.4.3 There are many
20、 environmental and use conditions thataffect leaded paint liquid coating encapsulation products, anddifferent types of liquid coating encapsulation products havebeen developed specifically to meet the requirements of thevarious conditions. Product types include reinforced and non-reinforced liquid c
21、oatings, as well as products for interior orexterior use. These products may be applied over manydifferent surfaces coated with one or more layers of leadedpaint and possibly other coatings. Encapsulation products inservice are subjected to many kinds of wear. Various colors andfinishes are also ava
22、ilable. This guide is intended to assist thepurchaser in determining which product is most appropriate forthe specific conditions under which the product will be used.4.4 As described in this guide, an encapsulation productmust be compatible with the surface to which it is applied. Anencapsulation p
23、roduct must bond to the surface coating, andnot cause the subsurface layers to separate or adverselydeteriorate.5. Determining the Suitability of a Painted Componentfor Encapsulation5.1 Prior to selecting a liquid coating encapsulation product,the substrate, subsurface coating layers, and surface to
24、 beencapsulated should be assessed to determine whether they aresuitable for encapsulation and to provide information to beused when selecting an encapsulation product type. Theassessment should include evaluating both the condition of thesubstrate and the integrity of the existing subsurface layers
25、, anddetermining the surface use conditions, such as the degree ofimpact, abrasion, or weathering that the surface receives.5.2 Painted ComponentsWhen assessing surfaces to beencapsulated, all painted components to be encapsulatedshould be identified and assessed individually since thesecomponents m
26、ay experience different use and environmentalconditions. Different painted components within a room oftenhave distinct painting histories, which can affect their suitabil-ity for encapsulation. Examples of painted components includewalls, doors, door jambs, window sills, window casings, andchair rai
27、ls.5.3 Assessment of SubstratesThe substrate may be com-posed of wood, metal, plaster, masonry, or other buildingmaterial(s). The substrate should be sound and intact, or madeso, before application of a liquid coating encapsulation prod-uct. Encapsulating a surface that exhibits large-scale, systemi
28、cdamage to the substrate would likely not be effective since thedamaged substrate may not have the structural integrity neededto support a liquid coating encapsulation product. The overallcondition of the substrate should be evaluated first for evidenceof structural integrity and systemic damage, su
29、ch as moistureor water damage, that might cause the surface to be unsuitablefor encapsulation until it is repaired. Next, the surface shouldbe evaluated for localized damage such as cracks, holes, orother signs of deterioration. Spot repairs to correct localizeddamage may be necessary in order to pr
30、ovide a surface that canbe encapsulated successfully.5.4 Assessment of Surface and Subsurface Coating Layers:5.4.1 A comprehensive assessment of the condition of theexisting surface and subsurface coating layers should beperformed in order to determine whether the painted compo-nent can be encapsula
31、ted successfully. The condition of theexisting surface and subsurface coating layers should beexamined visually for signs of deterioration. The type andextent of the deterioration and whether the areas of deteriora-tion are systemic, random, or localized should be evaluated.The surface should be ass
32、essed visually for cleanliness sincefood, oil, grease, and dirt can affect the adhesion of anencapsulant to the surface. The amount of abrasion that thesurface experiences should be evaluated and repairs made tobuilding components reduce abrasion, if necessary. The surfaceshould be examined for sign
33、s of chalking. Adhesion testsshould be performed to evaluate the cohesive strength of thesubsurface coating layers. The procedures for performing theentire assessment are explained below.5.4.2 Types of Surface and Subsurface Coating LayerDeteriorationThe surface should be evaluated for evidenceof ch
34、alking, chipping, flaking, peeling, cracking, checking,blistering, or broken paint. Small, localized areas of deterio-rated paint that are not caused by an ongoing, underlyingsource can be repaired by priming, patching, bridging, smooth-ing, wet-sanding, or other methods. The painted component tobe
35、encapsulated should be evaluated for the amount of abrasionand repeated impact it experiences during use. Painted com-ponents that experience extreme abrasion or repeated impactare generally not suitable for encapsulation. These paintedcomponents include, but are not limited to, window headers,stops
36、, mullions, sashes and parting beads, inside door jambs,floors, and stair treads. Painted components having surfacesthat rub together, such as drawers or cabinet doors, might alsobe ineligible for encapsulation. A surface may be suitable forencapsulation if the source of abrasion can be eliminated b
37、ysuch steps as scaling windows or planing doors.5.4.3 Extent of Coating DeteriorationThe painted com-ponentshould be evaluated to determine what portion is dete-riorated. If the deterioration is limited to relatively small,localized areas then repairs can be considered. If large areasexhibit deterio
38、ration, other abatement methods should beconsidered since extensive surface preparation will be re-quired. Large areas of deterioration can be indicative ofunderlying, ongoing sources of the deterioration including, butE1796 03 (2011)12not limited to water leaks, thermal changes, incompatiblepaints,
39、 or excessive sublayer coating thickness.5.4.4 Localized, Random, or Systemic DeteriorationThesurface should be examined for evidence of persistent, under-lying sources of deteriorated existing paint. Sources of dete-rioration include excessive moisture, sudden or dramatic tem-perature changes, high
40、 humidity conditions, incompatiblepaints, or excessive sublayer coating thickness. Areas ofrandom deterioration or areas of deterioration that are widelydispersed over the entire surface can be evidence of anongoing, underlying problem. The source of the deteriorationshould be identified and correct
41、ed before the encapsulationprocess begins. Smaller, localized areas of deterioration thathave an external source, such as previous wear or abuse, can berepaired by patching, smoothing, bridging, wet-sanding, orother methods after the source has been eliminated.5.4.5 Assessment of Painted Surfaces fo
42、r ChalkAn as-sessment of the amount of chalk on the surface should beconducted in accordance with Test Methods D4214. This canbe accomplished by running one or more gloved fingers on thepainted or coated surface. (A contrasting colored glove pro-vides a more visible surface to evaluate for chalking.
43、) Chalkvisible on the glove is evidence that the paint surface hasdegraded. This residue is different from household dust. Ifchalk is visible on the glove, the chalk should be removed orthe surface should be treated with a suitable sealant or primerprior to the application of a liquid coating encaps
44、ulationproduct.5.4.6 Tape Test for AdhesionAn initial tape test should beperformed on each painted component to be encapsulated inorder to quickly evaluate the adhesion between the layers of theexisting paint. The test results for a particular painted compo-nent might vary since the amount of deteri
45、oration betweenpaint layers is often not uniform over the entire paintedcomponent. To perform the pull-off adhesion tape test, place apiece of pressure-sensitive tape,3125 to 150 mm (5 to 6 in.)long by 50 mm (2 in.) wide, over the surface to be tested. Thesurface to be tested should be clean and dry
46、. Press the tapefirmly against the surface. Smooth the tape into place, and rubfirmly with the eraser end of a pencil. Within 90 s of applica-tion, remove the tape smoothly and rapidly, at an angle as closeto 180 as possible. Examine the tape. There should be no paintor any other material from the s
47、urface being tested on the backof the tape. The surface is generally not suitable for encapsu-lation, if any coating material comes off the surface onto thetape.5.4.7 Assessment of Painted Surfaces for AdhesionForpainted components passing the initial tape adhesion test,conduct the “X” cut adhesion
48、test in accordance with TestMethods D3359, Test Method A. The minimum performancerating should be 3A to ensure that the existing paint hasadequate adhesive and cohesive strength to support additionalstresses caused by the application of an encapsulation product.5.4.7.1 Causes of Poor Adhesion Test R
49、esultsAn incom-patibility between existing subsurface coating layers can causeone or more of the layers to pull away from the substrate easily.Examples of incompatible existing layers include, but are notlimited to the following: a layer of flat latex paint over animproperly prepared, glossy, oil-based enamel paint; a poor-quality paint layer that is not adhering well to the underlyingsubstrate; and multiple layers of paint that have begun to pullaway from the substrate or other existing subsurface layers.Extremely thick existing paint layers can also result in poora
