1、Designation: E1836/E1836M 09 (Reapproved 2016) An American National StandardStandard Practice forBuilding Floor Area Measurements for Facility Management1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1836/E1836M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides a definitive procedure for mea-suring and clas
3、sifying floor area in buildings for use in facilitymanagement, specifying occupant requirements, spaceplanning, and for strategic facility planning.1.2 This practice specifies the sequence in which to measurefloor area.1.3 This practice is applicable to owned, rented, and leasedbuildings.1.4 Use Ann
4、ex A1 to measure floor area in office facilities.The measurement practice in Annex A1 may also be suitablefor use in other functional types of building which includeoffices, such as research, laboratory, or manufacturing build-ings and building-related facilities.1.5 The practice in AnnexA1 is not i
5、ntended for use in leasenegotiations with owners of commercial office buildings orrelated properties. For that purpose, refer to the AmericanNational Standard published by the American National Stan-dards Institute under the designation ANSI/BOMAZ65.11996 and commonly known as the ANSI-BOMA stan-dar
6、d.1.6 This practice is not intended for and not suitable for usefor regulatory purposes, fire hazard assessment, and fire riskassessment.1.7 This practice was developed for use within NorthAmerica and includes some rules comparable to ISO 9836Performance Standards in BuildingDefinition and Calcula-t
7、ion of Area and Space Indicators.1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems m
8、ay result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regul
9、atory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE2619/E2619M Practice for Measuring and CalculatingBuilding Loss Features That Take Up Floor Area inBuildings2.2 ANSI Standard:3ANSI/BOMA Z65.11996 Standard Method for MeasuringFloor A
10、rea in Office Buildings2.3 ISO Standards:4ISO 9836 Performance Standards in BuildingDefinitionand Calculation of Area and Space Indicators3. Terminology53.1 Definitions:3.1.1 floor, nin a building, supporting structure (generallyhorizontal) and constituting the bottom level of each story.E63163.1.2
11、For standard definitions of additional terms applicableto this practice, see Terminology E631.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25 onWhole Buildings and Facilities.Current edition approved
12、March 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1836/E1836M 091.DOI: 10.1520/E1836_E1836M-09R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
13、Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentra
14、l Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.5Certain definitions of terms in this practice were agreed in 2007 by a WorkingGroup established jointly by the Building Owners and Managers Association(BOMA) International and the Internation
15、al Facility Management Association(IFMA). Certain terms were derived from referenced ASTM standards or fromreferenced ANSI standard, or from published IFMA documents. Ownership ofcopyright to specific terms is indicated by footnotes. Certain terms are quoted fromother ASTM standards, in which case t
16、he ASTM source is identified at the end ofthe definition.6Information such as this, inserted at the end of a definition, gives the numberof a standard from which this definition was quoted or derived. If a number followsa dash at the end of this information, it indicates the year of approval of the
17、standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 amenity area, nportion of a building that provides aconvenience to an occupant or occupants of a building or groupof bui
18、ldings.73.2.1.1 DiscussionIn general, occupancy codes and regu-lations do not govern these areas, although there may be codesand regulations that relate to their specific uses.3.2.2 assignable area, nportion of the plannable area on afloor that can be assigned to occupant groups or functions.3.2.3 b
19、uilding, ncontiguous and undivided shelter com-prising a partially or totally enclosed space, erected by meansof a planned process of forming and combining materials.73.2.4 dominant portion, nthe inside surface of the outsidewall, as defined in ANSI/BOMA Z65.11996.83.2.4.1 DiscussionANSI/BOMA Z65.11
20、996 specifieswhen to consider the inside surface of the window glass as thedominant portion to measure to, and when to measure to someother part of the outside wall.3.2.5 excluded area, nportion of a floor within a buildingthat is not suitable for occupancy by people or equipment.73.2.5.1 Discussion
21、While excluded areas may meet thecriteria of adequate clear headroom there is owner/landlorddocumentation which indicates that these areas are to beexcluded from floor interior gross area calculations. Examplesof excluded areas include but are not limited to unfinished atticareas, attic areas with o
22、bstructed access, damp or floodedbasements, and confined areas requiring permits for entry.Areas temporarily unusable due to flood, fire damage, con-struction or renovation activity are not excluded areas.73.2.6 exterior gross area, nthe area of the floor measuredto the outside face of the walls tha
23、t enclose the floor(s) of thebuilding.3.2.6.1 DiscussionAreas which are not enclosed, such aspatios and balconies, are not part of exterior gross area.Cornices, pilasters, buttresses, and so forth that extend beyondthe wall face are disregarded. The exterior gross area of abasement space includes th
24、e area measured to the outside faceof basement or foundation walls.3.2.7 finished surface, ninside face of a wall, window,ceiling, or floor that is provided as part of the base building forthe general use of occupants, excluding the thickness of anyspecial surfacing materials applied to meet the par
25、ticular needsof specific occupants.93.2.8 floor area, narea in the horizontal plane of thebottom level of a story or stories in a building.3.2.9 interior encroachment, nbase building element thatis located inside a building, not on an outer wall, and thatprevents the use of the floor area for furnit
26、ure, equipment,circulation, or other occupant function.93.2.10 interior gross area, nportion of the floor(s) that istotally enclosed within the dominant portion.93.2.11 interior parking, ntotally or partially enclosed areathat is within a building and that is normally used to circulateand station ve
27、hicles.103.2.12 interstitial floor area, narea of load-bearing sur-faces located above or below occupied building floors that isnot available for general occupancy.73.2.12.1 DiscussionInterstitial floor area is often notavailable for occupancy due to inadequate clear headroom.Typically interstitial
28、floor area contains building mechanical orelectrical systems predominantly serving adjacent floors or toprovide access to such systems.3.2.13 major vertical penetration, nopening in a floor thatserves a building or system distribution function.73.2.14 matrix, na grid-like array of elements.113.2.15
29、occupant, nof a building, one who has certain legalrights to or legal control over the premises occupied.93.2.15.1 DiscussionAn occupant may be a tenant in abuilding or the owner of a building.3.2.16 occupant void area, nopening in a floor created forthe specific benefit of an occupant.103.2.16.1 Di
30、scussionExamples of occupant void areas areprivate elevators, communicating stairs within tenant premises,and the opening in the floor above in tenant rooms that aremulti-story in height.3.2.17 perimeter encroachment, nbase building elementor restricted area that is located inside the dominant porti
31、on ofa building on the outer wall and that prevents the use of thefloor area for furniture, equipment, circulation, or other occu-pant function.93.2.18 plannable gross area, nportion of a floor that istotally enclosed within the interior face of perimeter encroach-ments at the floor plane and where
32、there are no perimeterencroachments enclosed at the inside finished surface of theexterior walls.103.2.19 polygon, nclosed plane figure made up of severalline segments that are joined together.123.2.20 primary circulation area, nminimum path on afloor for access to egress stairs, elevator lobbies, t
33、oilet rooms,refuge areas, building lobbies, and entrances.93.2.21 restricted area, nportion of floor area that wouldnormally be available for use by an occupant, but the occupantis limited from using the area, either by regulatory authority orfrom a governing document.93.2.22 restricted headroom, nl
34、arge portion of a floor thatdoes not have sufficient clear, unobstructed headroom to7Copyright is shared with BOMA International.8In the 1996 edition, which is copyright by BOMA, the dominant portion isdefined as the inside face of the portion of the wall which is window glass where itis more than 5
35、0 % of the vertical distance from finished floor to finished ceiling, andelsewhere as the inside face of the outside wall, or of a pilaster or column attachedto the outside wall where they occur. Note that the reader is cautioned that thedominant portion is not defined as a part of this ASTM standar
36、d. Instead,ANSI/BOMA Z65.11996 is developed by and subject to the authority of BOMAInternational, which may change it from time to time at its sole option.9ASTM copyright is shared with BOMA International.10New term for which copyright is shared by ASTM and BOMA International.11Oxford English Dictio
37、nary, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 1989, s.v.“matrix.”12Mathway Math Glossary, s.v. “polygon,” http:/ 09 (2016)2conform to local building codes or that has headroom less thanthat required for occupancy.3.2.22.1 DiscussionRestricted headroom is primarily in-tended to exclude large areas such as
38、low attics and crawl-spaces from being defined as “floors.” It also establishes, in asloped ceiling attic or sloped exterior wall, where the effectiveouter wall is located. Restricted headroom does not apply toreduced or no headroom conditions (that is, walls, columns,stairs, door headers, limited p
39、iping, railings, alcoves, and soforth) typically found on a floor, unless they are part of anoverall restricted headroom condition.3.2.23 secondary circulation area, nportion of a floorrequired for access to some subdivision of a floor, that does notserve all occupants on a floor and that is not def
40、ined as primarycirculation area.3.2.24 service area, nportion of a building that providesservices that enable occupants to work in a building.3.2.24.1 DiscussionService areas make it possible to ac-commodate occupants within a building without violatingexisting building codes and occupancy controls,
41、 or both.133.2.25 unassigned area, nportion of the plannable area ona floor that is not assigned to occupant groups or functions.103.2.25.1 DiscussionUnassigned area includes all plan-nable area that cannot be classified as either assignable area, orrestricted area, or occupant void, or interior enc
42、roachment, orsecondary circulation. Examples are: (1) small areas betweenfurniture panels and columns where furniture does not fit; and(2) area set aside to install future workstation or otherfunctions.3.2.26 usable area, nportions of a building that can beclassified as tenant area or amenity area.1
43、43.2.27 void area, nabsence of a floor inside the dominantportion where a floor might otherwise be expected ormeasured, that is typically in the plane of the upper floors ofmulti-story atria or lobbies, light wells, auditoria or the areaadjacent to a partial-floor mezzanine.4. Significance and Use4.
44、1 This practice can be used to facilitate comparison ofareas that have been measured but it does not specify whatmeasurements must be conducted.4.2 This practice can be used in space programming andforecasting of space requirements.4.3 This practice can be used to classify areas for internalcost acc
45、ounting purposes.4.4 This practice can be used to compare space use betweenorganizations.5. Basis of Practice5.1 The basis for classification of floor area measurementsfor certain functional types of building is contained in AnnexA1.NOTE 1In the future, additional annexes are expected to be added to
46、this practice to contain the classifications for floor area measurements inother functional types of building and to compare measurements of floorarea for different purposes or from different countries.6. Measurement Procedure and Report6.1 AnnexA1 provides a procedure for measuring floor areaand fo
47、r reporting such measurements for certain functionaltypes of building for those purposes stated in Section 1.6.2 When reporting floor area, measured in accordance withthe procedure in Annex A1, note any exceptions to theprescribed method. Where possible, also assess the extent ofvariation and state
48、as an estimate.6.3 If Practice E2619/E2619M is also used, findings fromthat practice may be included in the report of building floorarea measurement, but the area of building loss features shallbe clearly identified.7. Keywords7.1 area; building; building floor area; facility; facilitymanagement; fl
49、oor area; measurement; occupant requirement13Terms from BOMA and ASTM standards were used as the starting point todevelop this term. The copyright of this term is shared by ASTM and BOMA.14Term in the BOMA standard used as the starting point to develop this term.BOMA shares the copyright with ASTM.E1836/E1836M 09 (2016)3ANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. PRACTICE FOR MEASUREMENT IN OFFICE FACILITIES AND RELATED FUNCTIONAL TYPES OF BUILDINGSSUCH AS RESEARCH, LABORATORY, AND MANUFACT
