1、Designation: E1908 10Standard Guide forSample Selection of Debris Waste from a BuildingRenovation or Lead Abatement Project for ToxicityCharacteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Testing forLeachable Lead (Pb)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1908; the number immediately following
2、the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes a
3、 method for selecting samples ofbuilding components coated with paints suspected of contain-ing lead. The samples are collected from the debris wastestream created during demolition, renovation, lead hazardcontrol, or abatement projects. The samples are subsequentlyanalyzed in the laboratory for lea
4、d.1.1.1 The debris waste stream is assumed to have more thanone painted component, for example, metal doors, wood doors,and wood window trim.1.2 This guide is intended for use when sampling to test forlead only and does not include sampling considerations forother metals or for organic compounds. Th
5、is guide also doesnot include consideration of sampling for determination ofother possible hazardous characteristics of the waste.1.3 This guide assumes that the individual component typescomprising the debris waste stream are at least partiallysegregated and that the volume of each type of componen
6、t inthe debris waste stream may be estimated.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regula
7、tory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE2239 Practice for Record Keeping and Record Preserva-tion for Lead Hazard Activities2.2 Federal Documents:340 CFR 261 Appendi
8、x II-Method 1311, Toxicity Character-istic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)2.3 OSHA Standard:429 CFR 1926.62 OSHA Lead in Construction Standard3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 component (of the waste), neach of those differentand distinguishable materials that comprise
9、 the waste.3.1.2 sample (of the waste), na collection of the compo-nents of the waste assembled in proportion to their contributionto the total volume of the waste.3.1.3 waste, nmaterial resulting from conduct of a demo-lition, renovation, or lead abatement project that is or will bedirected for dis
10、posal.3.1.4 waste stream, nthe total flow of waste from ademolition, renovation, lead hazard control or abatementproject.NOTE 1Regulations promulgated by authorities having jurisdictionmay define terms in 3.1.1-3.1.4 differently than defined above.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The entirety of the debris
11、 waste stream created bydemolition, renovation, lead hazard control or abatementprojects in and around buildings and related structures isexamined visually, and estimates made of the total volume ofthe waste and of the relative volume proportions of the variouscomponents of the waste.Asample of the
12、waste is selected andassembled that contains the various waste components in thesame relative volume proportions as these estimates. The1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Buildings and is the direct responsibility of E06.23 on Lead Hazards Associatedwith Bui
13、ldingsCurrent edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous addition approved in 2003 as E1908 03. DOI:10.1520/E1908-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For An
14、nual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4Available from Occupation
15、al Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http:/www.osha.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.sample is then submitted to a laboratory for conduct of theToxicity Charac
16、teristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) for lead inaccordance with 40 CFR 261.5. Significance and Use5.1 Waste samples collected using this guide provide repre-sentative samples for analysis in a laboratory using the TCLP.5.2 The TCLP is used to simulate the transfer of lead fromburied lead-containing wa
17、ste into the ground water systemupon codisposal of the lead-containing waste and municipalsolid waste in unlined solid-waste landfills. The TCLP attemptsto simulate rain or ground water leaching, or both. For theprocedure to yield a predictor of the subsurface (in-ground)leaching process, a represen
18、tative sample of the volume of thewaste must be selected and submitted for leaching and analy-sis. The result of the sampling, leaching, and analysis processis used to determine the waste handling and disposal protocolsto be followed and to document compliance with applicablelaws, regulations, and r
19、equirements. The guide addresses thesampling process by defining a component-volume-basedmethod to collect and assemble a representative sample of asolid waste stream that may contain heterogeneous compo-nents.5.3 The collection of a volume-based sample of the wastestream is based on the fact that t
20、he TCLP leachate leadconcentration limit, like other such TCLP limits, was devel-oped based on the spatial dimensions of landfills.5.4 Individuals who use this guide are expected to be trainedin the proper and safe conduct of sampling of lead-containingwastes, qualified/certified/licensed as require
21、d by those au-thorities having jurisdiction over such activities, and properlyutilize tools and safety equipment when conducting theseprocedures.5.5 This guide may involve use of various hand and powertools for sampling the components of the waste. It is intendedthat such tools should be properly an
22、d safely used by personstrained and familiar with their performance and use.5.6 In general terms, building components are drilled tocollect samples of the various components in proportion to thevolume of those components in the entire building. Thecomponent samples are assembled, and the resulting a
23、ssembledsample is analyzed according to the TCLP protocol.6. Sampling Supplies6.1 Hand and Power Tools, as needed for the sampling andhandling of the various components of the waste (for example,saws, metal snips).6.2 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Systems,asappropriate for the safe collect
24、ion and handling of the waste.NOTE 2Those requirements contained in 29 CFR 1926.62, for expo-sure to lead, may be considered. The presence of other chemical hazardsin the waste may necessitate the application of other such standards.6.3 Containers, of construction, size, and number to fullyhold the
25、waste sample assembled from the various compo-nents. These containers may be available from the laboratory towhich the assembled waste sample is to be sent for analysis.6.4 Markers, pens, self-adhesive labels, for use in uniquelyidentifying samples of waste collected.6.5 Chain of Custody Forms, simi
26、lar to those described inPractice D4840. These forms may be available from thelaboratory to which the assembled waste sample is to be sentfor analysis.7. Procedure7.1 Determine the Volume Proportions of the Sample7.1.1 Estimate the volume of each pile of painted waste thathas been segregated accordi
27、ng to component type, for examplemetal doors, wood doors, and wood window trim.7.1.2 Calculate the volume proportion of each componenttype as a percent of the total volume of the waste.NOTE 3If the volume estimate was made in units of cubic feet (ft3),convert to cubic metres (m3) by multiplying the
28、value in cubic feet (ft3)by0.0283 as follows:0.0283 3volume in cubic feet!5volume in cubic meters!NOTE 4If the volume estimate was made in units of cubic yards (yd3),convert to cubic metres (m3) by multiplying the value in cubic yards (yd3)by 0.765 as follows:0.765 volume in cubic yards!5volume in c
29、ubic metres!7.2 Collect a Volume Proportional Sample7.2.1 Collect randomly a waste sample having a massbetween 0.25 kg and 1 kg. Follow Practice E105 to assure thatthe material collected is representative (Note 5).NOTE 5After preanalysis processing by the laboratory, this amount ofthe waste should b
30、e enough to yield a minimum of two 100-g TCLPspecimens.7.2.2 The amount collected from each pile shall be takenaccording to the volume proportion of each pile (Note 6).NOTE 6For example, assume that the project involved disposal ofpainted doors, door frames, windows, window frames or trim molding, o
31、rboth, from several rooms. Assume further that glass is removed to berecycled. Segregated waste piles might then contain metal doors, wooddoors (solid and hollow separately), metal door and window frames (noglass), wood door and window frames (no glass), and wood molding. Asin 7.1.1, estimate the vo
32、lume of the waste in each pile and calculate thevolume proportions. See Table 1.Asin7.2.2, use the volume proportionsto collect the appropriate amount of material from each pile. In thisexample, the sample would be 17 % wood by volume from windowframes.TABLE 1 Example of Determining Volume Proportio
33、nsPainted Component Estimated Volume Volume Proportionwood doors, solid 0.081 m350 % (= 0.081/0.163)door frames, wood 0.020 m312 %windows, wood 0.031 m319 %window frames, steel 0.003 m32%window frames, wood 0.028 m317 %total 0.163 m3100 %E1908 1028. Sample Handling and Analysis8.1 Preparation for Sh
34、ipment8.1.1 Prepare the total amount of waste collected as thesample from each pile for shipment (7.2.2) to a laboratory foranalysis (Note 7).NOTE 7All the material sent to the laboratory comprises a singlesample of the debris waste stream that is broken, cracked, crushed, cut,ground, etc., as a who
35、le and is homogenized before a subsample is takenfor TCLP analysis.8.1.1.1 Place the total amount of waste collected as thesample into one or more containers. Assure that each containeris securely closed to prevent sample loss or contaminationduring handling and transportation.8.2 Label each sample
36、container with a unique identifier.8.3 Complete the request-for-analysis paperwork as re-quired by the laboratory for analysis of the waste sample.Advise the laboratory of the number and types of containerssent and the means and methods of delivery, and that TCLP forlead is to be performed (Note 8).
37、NOTE 8It is prudent to contact the analytical laboratory to determinehow laboratory personnel intend to or should process the sample prior tosubsampling for conduct of the TCLP.8.4 Complete a Chain of Custody form such as described inPractice D4840.8.4.1 Record the sample container identifiers on th
38、e Chainof Custody form.8.5 Package the sample container(s) for shipment and labelthe over-pack, if one is used, according to applicable transpor-tation laws and regulations.8.5.1 Enclose the completed Chain of Custody form in theshipment package.8.6 Ship the packaged waste sample to a laboratory for
39、analysis9. Record Keeping9.1 Records shall be maintained in accordance with PracticeE2239 and shall include, at a minimum, a copy of the report.10. Report10.1 A report shall be prepared and include at a minimumthe following:10.1.1 A description of the project and site from which thewaste was sampled
40、 including names, addresses, locations,waste-producing processes, and dates.10.1.2 A list and description of the components sampledfrom the waste stream.10.1.3 The estimated volumes of each component wastepile.10.1.4 The calculated volume proportion of each compo-nent comprising the entire waste sam
41、ple.10.1.5 A copy of the Completed Chain of Custody Form.10.1.6 Acopy of paperwork that was prepared as a record ofthe laboratory submission and analysis request.10.1.7 A copy of any packing list(s) or shipping papers, orboth, used in shipment of the waste sample to the laboratory.11. Keywords11.1 a
42、batement; lead; TCLP; wasteASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infri
43、ngement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standar
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