1、Designation: E 1955 04 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Radiographic Examination forSoundness of Welds in Steel by Comparison to GradedASTM E 390 Reference Radiographs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1955; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard covers requirements for radiographicexamination for so
3、undness of welds in fabricated steel bycomparison to selected severity levels of Reference Radio-graphs E 390, Vol II. The base material varies from greater than0.25 to 3 in. (6.476 mm) inclusive in thickness. Volume II isapplicable. This standard is not suitable for shipyard use.NOTE 1This standard
4、 was adopted to replace Mil-Std. 1264-B entitled“Radiographic Inspection For Soundness of Welds In Steel By Compari-son To Graded ASTM E 390 Reference Radiographs,” dated 18 January,1989. This standard is intended to be used for the same applications as thedocument which it replaced. Users should ca
5、refully review its require-ments when considering the standards use for new and/or differentapplications.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not
6、considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to
7、 use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 390 Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion WeldsE 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 Military Standards:NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTest Personnel32.3 ASNT Standards:4SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Pe
8、rsonnel Qualifi-cation and Certification in Nondestructive TestingANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi-fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel2.4 American Welding Society Standards:AWS D 1.1 Structural Welding Code Steel52.5 American Petroleum Institute Standards:API STD-1104 S
9、tandard for Welding Pipelines and RelatedFacilities62.6 Adjuncts:Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds:Volume II, Thickness Over14 to 3 in. (6.4 to 76 mm), incl73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this docu-ment, see Terminology E 1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specif
10、ic to This Standard:3.2.1 gradeswelds shall be designated Grades I, II, III, orIV as shown in Table 1.AGrade I weld would contain the leastor smallest discontinuities, or both, and a Grade IV weld wouldcontain the largest or most numerous discontinuities, or both.3.2.2 examination lotan examination
11、lot shall consist ofall welds of a specific design and size produced at one facilityby the same personnel and production technique, and submit-ted for examination at one time.4. Significance and Use4.1 This standard can be used to establish acceptancecriteria for weld soundness based on the procedur
12、es andreference radiographs of ASTM E 390. The grades specified inthis standard, while applicable for general examination use forthe materials and thicknesses indicated, may not be suitable forall applications.1This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing
13、and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 onReference Radiological Images.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 1955 - 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org,
14、orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700,Arlington, VA22209-3928, http
15、:/www.aia-aerospace.org.4Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.5Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.6Available from American Pet
16、roleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Wash-ington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.7Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.RRE039002.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. General Practices5.
17、1 Personnel QualificationNondestructive testing (NDT)personnel shall be qualified in accordance with a nationally orinternationally recognized NDT personnel qualification prac-tice or standard such as ANSI/ASNT-CP-189, SNT-TC-1A,NAS-410, or a similar document. The practice or standard usedand its ap
18、plicable revision shall be specified in the contractualagreement between the using parties.5.2 Determination of GradesThe customer shall establishthe acceptance grade for each weld design and this grade shallbe indicated on the applicable drawing, order, contract or otherappropriate documents.5.3 Ex
19、tent of ExaminationExtent of radiographic exami-nation of all welds shall be accomplished as required by thedrawing, order, contract or other appropriate document. Ifextent is not provided, radiographic examination shall be100 % of weld joints.6. Application of Reference Radiographs6.1 Acceptance Cr
20、iteriaWelds Graded I, II, III or IV shallcontain discontinuities no more severe than those shown in theseverity levels indicated in Table 1. The severity levelsindicated refer to those illustrated in the reference radiographsof ASTM E 390.6.2 Applicable Thickness RangesThe applicable thicknessranges
21、 for the reference radiograph illustrations used to deter-mine severity levels for welds in Table 1 of this standard arelisted below:Illustration Thickness,in. (mm)Base Material Thickness Range,in. (mm)838 (9.5) Over14 (6.4) to and including12 (13)34 (19) Over12 (13) to and including 112 (38)2 (51)
22、Over 112 (38) to and including 3 (76)7. Supplementary Requirements7.1 The customer may choose additional acceptance criteriafrom AWS D 1.1, Section 10.17 and API STD-1104, Section 6.These documents will only be applicable when they appear onthe drawing, order, contract or other appropriate document.
23、7.2 Unless prohibited by the drawing, specification or othercontract document, weld joints rejected because of non-compliance with this standard may be repaired. All repairedareas shall be re-examined to the requirements of this standard.8. Keywords8.1 discontinuities; fusion welds; reference radiog
24、raphs;steel; X-rayASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement o
25、f such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for
26、additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known t
27、o the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at
28、 the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).8In cases of joining two members of unequal thickness the standard applicableto the thinner member shall be used.TABLE 1 Severity Level Requirements for Welds In A
29、ccordanceWith Reference Radiographs E 390, Vol II ReferenceRadiographsA,BIllustrationThickness, Grade Grade Grade GradeDiscontinuities in. (mm) I II III IVFine Scattered Porosity38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 2 32 (51) 1 2 3 4Coarse Scattered Porosity38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 2 32 (51) 1
30、2 3 4Clustered Porosity38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 2 32 (51) 1 2 3 4Linear Porosity or Globular38 (9.5) None 1 2 3Indications34 (19) None 2 2 32 (51) 1 2 3 4Slag Inclusions38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 2 32 (51) 1 2 3 4Tungsten Inclusions38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 2 32(51) -NoGreate
31、rThanUngraded Radiograph-Incomplete Penetration38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 3 42 (51) 1 2 3 4Lack of Fusion38 (9.5) None 1 2 334 (19) None 2 2 32 (51) 1 2 3 4Ungraded Discontinuities (All applicable thickness ranges)All Crack Types -NotAllowed -Undercut -NotAllowed -Burn Through -NotAllowed -Ic
32、icles (Teardrops) -NotAllowed -Elongated (or Wormhole) Porosity -NotAllowed -AWhen two or more types of discontinuities are present, the extent of thepredominant discontinuity must be less than the severity level allowed for thatdiscontinuity type.BDiscontinuities allowed by this table shall be cause for rejection when closerthan twice their maximum dimension to an edge or extremity of a weldment in ahighly stressed or critical area as specified on the drawing, order, contract or otherappropriate documents.E 1955 04 (2009)2
