1、Designation: E1966 07 (Reapproved 2011)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFire-Resistive Joint Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONJoint systems are positioned in joints, voids, gaps, or other discontinuities between or bounded bytwo or mor
3、e supporting elements. Normally such openings are denoted as “linear” because the lengthis greater than their widthdefined by a typical ratio of at least 10:1 as in practice. Joints are presentin buildings as a result of:(i) Design to accommodate various movements induced by thermal differentials, s
4、eismicity, andwind loads and exist as a clearance separation.(ii) Acceptable dimensional tolerances between two or more building elements, for example,between non-loadbearing walls and floors.(iii) Inadequate design, inaccurate assembly, repairs or damage to the building.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-r
5、esponse test method measures the perfor-mance of joint systems designed to be used with fire ratedfloors and walls during a fire endurance test exposure. The fireendurance test end point is the period of time elapsing beforethe first performance criteria is reached when the joint systemis subjected
6、to one of two time-temperature fire exposures.1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are either thosespecified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies tostandard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 fortesting assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.1.3 This test method specifies the
7、 heating conditions, meth-ods of test, and criteria for the evaluation of the ability of ajoint system to maintain the fire resistance where hourly ratedfire-separating elements meet.1.4 Test results establish the performance of joint systemsduring the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed
8、 ashaving determined the joint systems suitability for use afterthat exposure.1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative informa-tion about the joint system relative to the rate of leakage ofsmoke or gases or both. However, it requires that suchphenomena be noted and reported when describing
9、 the generalbehavior of joint systems during the fire endurance test but isnot part of the conditions of compliance.1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics notaddressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:1.6.1 The performance of the fire-resistive joint systemcons
10、tructed with components other than those tested.1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of joint systemsother than the cycling conditions tested.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.8 The text of this
11、 standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to h
12、eat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the
13、direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on FireResistance.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E196607. DOI:10.1520/E1966-07R11.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We
14、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresp
15、onsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE119 Test Methods f
16、or Fire Tests of Building Constructionand MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1529 Test Methods for Determining Effects of LargeHydrocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and As-sembliesE2226 Practice for Application of Hose StreamE2307 Test Method
17、 for Determining Fire Resistance ofPerimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus3. Terminology3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given inTerminologies E176 and E631, together with the following,apply:3.1.1 fire-separating element, nfloors, walls, and
18、 parti-tions having a period of fire resistance determined in accor-dance with Test Methods E119 or E1529.3.1.2 fire resistive joint system, na device or designedfeature that provides a fire separating function along continu-ous linear openings, including changes in direction, between orbounded by f
19、ire separating elements.3.1.3 joint, nthe linear void located between juxtaposedfire-separating elements.3.1.4 maximum joint width, nthe widest opening of aninstalled joint system.3.1.5 minimum joint width, nthe narrowest opening of aninstalled joint system.3.1.6 movement cycle, nthe change between
20、the minimumand the maximum joint widths of a joint system.3.1.7 nominal joint width, nthe specified opening of ajoint in practice that is selected for test purposes.3.1.8 splice, nthe connection or junction within the lengthof a joint system.3.1.9 supporting construction, nthe arrangement of build-i
21、ng sections forming the fire-separating elements into whichthe joint systems are installed.3.1.10 test assembly, nthe complete assembly of testspecimens together with their supporting construction.3.1.11 test specimen, na joint system of a specific mate-rial(s), design, and width.4. Summary of Test
22、Method4.1 This test method describes the following test sequenceand procedure:4.1.1 When the maximum joint width does not equal theminimum joint width, joint systems shall be movement cycledbefore being fire tested.4.1.2 Joint systems and their supporting construction shallbe conditioned and fire te
23、sted.4.1.3 A duplicate test specimen, that is an extension of awall, is subject to a fire of lesser duration than the fireresistance rating. After which, the duplicate test specimen issubject to the hose stream test.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method evaluates, under the specified testcondi
24、tions: (1) the ability of a fire resistive joint system toundergo movement without reducing the fire rating of theadjacent fire separating elements and (2) the duration for whichtest specimens will contain a fire and retain their integrityduring a predetermined test exposure.5.2 This test method pro
25、vides for the following measure-ments and evaluations where applicable:5.2.1 Capability of the joint system to movement cycle.5.2.2 Loadbearing capacity of the joint system.5.2.3 Ability of the joint system to prohibit the passage offlames and hot gases.5.2.4 Transmission of heat through the joint s
26、ystem.5.2.5 Ability of the joint system, that is an extension of awall, to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.5.3 This test method does not provide the following:5.3.1 Evaluation of the degree by which the joint systemcontributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxicgas
27、es, or other products of combustion.5.3.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation ofthe passage of smoke or products of combustion through thejoint system.5.3.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of thejoint system.NOTE 1The information in 5.3.1-5.3.3 may be determined by others
28、uitable fire test methods. For example, 5.3.3 may be determined by TestMethod E84.5.3.4 Evaluation of joints formed by the rated or non-ratedexterior walls and the floors of the building.5.4 In this procedure, the test specimens are subjected to oneor more specific sets of laboratory test conditions
29、. Whendifferent test conditions are substituted or the end-use condi-tions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this testmethod to predict changes to the characteristics measured.Therefore, the results are valid only for the exposure conditionsdescribed in this test method.6. Apparatu
30、s6.1 Cycling ApparatusEquipment (or device) capable ofbeing used to induce movement of a joint system and meetingthe required cyclic rate and number of cycles selected fromTable 1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org
31、. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.E1966 07 (2011)26.2 FurnaceAn enclosed furnace facility capable of con-trolling a fire to the time-temperature curve in Test MethodsE119 or E1529. An example of a vertical furnace w
32、ith a testframe is shown in Fig. 1 and a horizontal furnace is shown inFig. 2.6.3 Furnace Thermocouples:6.3.1 The E119 furnace thermocouples shall:6.3.1.1 Be protected by sealed porcelain tubes having anominal34-in. (19-mm) outside diameter and18-in. (3-mm)wall thickness, or, as an alternative, in t
33、he case of base metalthermocouples, protected by a standard12-in. (13-mm) diam-eter wrought steel or wrought iron pipe of standard weight, and6.3.1.2 Have a time constant between the range of 5.0 to 7.2min while encased in the tubes described in 6.3.1.1.6.3.2 Other types of E119 protection tubes or
34、pyrometersshall be used only when they give the same indications undertest conditions as those of 6.3.1.2 within the limit of accuracythat applies for furnace-temperature measurements.NOTE 2Atypical thermocouple assembly meeting these time constantrequirements may be fabricated by fusion-welding the
35、 twisted ends of No.18 gage Chromel-Alumel wires, mounting the leads in porcelain insulatorsand inserting the assembly so the thermocouple bead is approximately 0.5in. (25 mm) from the sealed end of the standard weight nominal12-in.(25-mm) iron, steel, or Inconel3pipe. The time constant for this and
36、 forseveral other thermocouple assemblies was measured in 1976. The timeconstant may also be calculated from knowledge of its physical andthermal properties.46.3.3 The E1529 furnace thermocouples shall measure thetemperature of the gases adjacent to and impinging on the testspecimens using factory m
37、anufactured14-in. (6-mm) outsidediameter (OD), Inconel-sheathed, Type K, Chromel-Alumelthermocouples. The time constant, in air, of the thermocoupleassemblies shall be less than 60 s. Standard calibration ther-mocouples with an accuracy of 6 0.75 % shall be used.6.4 Pressure-sensing ProbesWhere appl
38、icable, tolerancesare 6 5 % of dimensions shown in Fig. 3 or Fig. 4.6.4.1 The pressure-sensing probes shall be either:6.4.1.1 A T-shaped sensor as shown in Fig. 3,or6.4.1.2 A tube sensor as shown in Fig. 4.6.5 Unexposed Surface Thermocouples:6.5.1 The wires for the unexposed thermocouple in thelengt
39、h covered by the thermocouple pad are not to be heavierthan No. 18 AWG (0.82 mm2) and are to be electricallyinsulated with heat-resistant and moisture-resistant coatings.6.6 Thermocouple Pads:6.6.1 The properties of thermocouple pads used to covereach thermocouple on the unexposed side of the test a
40、ssemblyshall have the following characteristics.6.6.1.1 They shall be dry, felted refractory fiber pads.6.6.1.2 For joints having a maximum joint width of less than6 in. (152 mm) the length and width of the square pad shallmeasure 2 6 0.04 in. (50 6 1 mm). For joints having amaximum joint width equa
41、l to or greater than 6 in. (152 mm)the length and width of the square pad shall measure 6 6 0.12in. (152 6 3 mm).6.6.1.3 The thermocouple pads shall be 0.375 6 0.063 in.(9.5 6 1.6 mm) thick. The thickness measurement is to bemade under the light load of a standard12-in. (12.7-mm)diameter pad of a di
42、al micrometer gauge.6.6.1.4 The thermocouple pads shall have a density of 31.26 0.6 lbs/ft3(500 6 10 kg/m3).3Inconel is a registered trade name of INCO Alloys, Inc., 3800 Riverside Dr.,Huntingdon, WV 25720.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requ
43、esting Research Report RR:E05-1001.TABLE 1 Conditions of Test Specimen CyclingNOTE 1The terms used for movement are indicative of the cyclic ratein expansion and contraction of the joint system and not of the magnitudeor direction of movement.Movement Type MinimumCycling Rates (cpm)Minimum Number of
44、Movement CyclesType IThermal 1 500Type IIWind Sway 10 500Type IIISeismic 30 100Type IVCombined Move-ment30 100followed by: 10 400FIG. 1 Example of Vertical Furnace and Test FrameFIG. 2 Example of Horizontal FurnaceE1966 07 (2011)36.6.1.5 The thermal conductivity of the thermocouple padsat 150F (66C)
45、 shall be 0.37 6 0.03 Btu -in./h -ft2-F 0.0536 0.004 W/(m -K).6.6.1.6 The thermocouple pads shall have a hardness (onsoft face) of 2.25 to 4.5 (modified Brinnell). The hardnessmeasurement is to be made by pressing a standard 1-in.(25-mm) diameter steel ball against the specimen and measur-ing the in
46、dentation obtained between a minor load of 2pounds-mass (0.91 kg) and an additional major load of 10pounds-mass (4.5 kg) 12 pounds-mass (5.4 kg) total load.The hardness is obtained by the relationship:Hardness = 2.24/ywhere:y = the difference in indentation in. (mm).6.7 Differential Pressure Measure
47、ment Instruments:6.7.1 The differential pressure measurement instrumentshall be:FIG. 3 “T” Shaped Pressure Sensing ProbeFIG. 4 Tube Type Pressure Sensing ProbeE1966 07 (2011)46.7.1.1 A manometer or equivalent transducer.6.7.1.2 Capable of reading in graduated increments of nogreater than 0.01 in H2O
48、 (2.5 Pa) with a precision of not lessthan 6 0.005 in. H2O(6 1.25 Pa).6.8 Cotton Pads:6.8.1 Their nominal size shall be 4 by 4 by34 in. (100 by100 by 19 mm). Cotton pads are to consist of new, undyed andsoft cotton fibers, without any admixture of artificial fibers.Each cotton pad is to weigh approx
49、imately 3 to 4 g. The cottonpads are to be conditioned prior to use by drying in an oven at212 6 9F (100 6 5C) for at least 30 min. After drying, thecotton pads shall be stored in a desiccator for up to 24 h.6.8.2 The frame used to hold the cotton pad is to be formedof No. 16 AWG (1.31-mm) steel wire and is to be providedwith a handle long enough to reach all points of the testassembly.6.9 Loading System:6.9.1 Equipment, or a device, capable of inducing a desiredload upon the joint system or supporting construction. Anexample of a loading s
