1、Designation: E1966 15 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFire-Resistive Joint Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1966; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONJoint systems are positioned in joints, voids, gaps, or other discontinuities between or bounded bytwo or more supporting elem
3、ents. Normally such openings are denoted as “linear” because the lengthis greater than their widthdefined by a typical ratio of at least 10:1 as in practice. Joints are presentin buildings as a result of:(i) Design to accommodate various movements induced by thermal differentials, seismicity, andwin
4、d loads and exist as a clearance separation.(ii) Acceptable dimensional tolerances between two or more building elements, for example,between non-loadbearing walls and floors.(iii) Inadequate design, inaccurate assembly, repairs or damage to the building.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-response test meth
5、od measures the perfor-mance of joint systems designed to be used with fire ratedfloors and walls during a fire endurance test exposure. The fireendurance test end point is the period of time elapsing beforethe first performance criteria is reached when the joint systemis subjected to one of two tim
6、e-temperature fire exposures.1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are either thosespecified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies tostandard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 fortesting assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditio
7、ns, meth-ods of test, and criteria for the evaluation of the ability of ajoint system to maintain the fire resistance where hourly ratedfire-separating elements meet.1.4 Test results establish the performance of joint systemsduring the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed ashaving determi
8、ned the joint systems suitability for use afterthat exposure.1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative informa-tion about the joint system relative to the rate of leakage ofsmoke or gases or both. However, it requires that suchphenomena be noted and reported when describing the generalbehav
9、ior of joint systems during the fire endurance test but isnot part of the conditions of compliance.1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics notaddressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:1.6.1 The performance of the fire-resistive joint systemconstructed with comp
10、onents other than those tested.1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of joint systemsother than the cycling conditions tested.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for inform
11、ation onlyand are not considered standard.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and d
12、escribe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.10 Fire testing is inherently
13、hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and h
14、ealth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on FireResistance.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published July 2
15、015. Originally approvedin 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E196607(2011). DOI:10.1520/E1966-15.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E84 Test Method for Surface Burn
16、ing Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1529 Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hy-drocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and Assem-bliesE
17、2226 Practice for Application of Hose StreamE2307 Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance ofPerimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions givenin Terminologies E176 and E631, toget
18、her with the following,apply:3.1.2 fire-separating element, nfloors, walls, and parti-tions having a period of fire resistance determined in accor-dance with Test Methods E119 or E1529.3.1.3 fire resistive joint system, na device or designedfeature that provides a fire separating function along cont
19、inu-ous linear openings, including changes in direction, between orbounded by fire separating elements.3.1.4 joint, nthe linear void located between juxtaposedfire-separating elements.3.1.5 maximum joint width, nthe widest opening of aninstalled joint system.3.1.6 minimum joint width, nthe narrowest
20、 opening of aninstalled joint system.3.1.7 movement cycle, nthe change between the minimumand the maximum joint widths of a joint system.3.1.8 nominal joint width, nthe specified opening of ajoint in practice that is selected for test purposes.3.1.9 splice, nthe connection or junction within the len
21、gthof a joint system.3.1.10 supporting construction, nthe arrangement ofbuilding sections forming the fire-separating elements intowhich the joint systems are installed.3.1.11 test assembly, nthe complete assembly of testspecimens together with their supporting construction.3.1.12 test specimen, na
22、joint system of a specificmaterial(s), design, and width.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method describes the following test sequenceand procedure:4.1.1 When the maximum joint width does not equal theminimum joint width, joint systems shall be movement cycledbefore being fire tested.4.1.2 Joi
23、nt systems and their supporting construction shallbe conditioned and fire tested.4.1.3 A duplicate test specimen, that is an extension of awall, is subject to a fire of lesser duration than the fireresistance rating. After which, the duplicate test specimen issubject to the hose stream test.5. Signi
24、ficance and Use5.1 This test method evaluates, under the specified testconditions: (1) the ability of a fire resistive joint system toundergo movement without reducing the fire rating of theadjacent fire separating elements and (2) the duration for whichtest specimens will contain a fire and retain
25、their integrityduring a predetermined test exposure.5.2 This test method provides for the following measure-ments and evaluations where applicable:5.2.1 Capability of the joint system to movement cycle.5.2.2 Loadbearing capacity of the joint system.5.2.3 Ability of the joint system to prohibit the p
26、assage offlames and hot gases.5.2.4 Transmission of heat through the joint system.5.2.5 Ability of the joint system, that is an extension of awall, to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.5.3 This test method does not provide the following:5.3.1 Evaluation of the degree by which the
27、 joint systemcontributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxicgases, or other products of combustion.5.3.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation ofthe passage of smoke or products of combustion through thejoint system.5.3.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of thej
28、oint system.NOTE 1The information in 5.3.1 5.3.3 may be determined by othersuitable fire test methods. For example, 5.3.3 may be determined by TestMethod E84.5.3.4 Evaluation of joints formed by the rated or non-ratedexterior walls and the floors of the building.5.4 In this procedure, the test speci
29、mens are subjected to oneor more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. Whendifferent test conditions are substituted or the end-use condi-tions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this testmethod to predict changes to the characteristics measured.Therefore, the results are val
30、id only for the exposure conditionsdescribed in this test method.6. Apparatus6.1 Cycling ApparatusEquipment (or device) capable ofbeing used to induce movement of a joint system and meetingthe required cyclic rate and number of cycles selected fromTable 1.6.2 FurnaceAn enclosed furnace facility capa
31、ble of con-trolling a fire to the time-temperature curve in Test Methods2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AS
32、TM website.E1966 152E119 or E1529. An example of a vertical furnace with a testframe is shown in Fig. 1 and a horizontal furnace is shown inFig. 2.6.3 Furnace Thermocouples:6.3.1 The E119 furnace thermocouples shall:6.3.1.1 Be protected by sealed porcelain tubes having anominal34-in. (19-mm) outside
33、 diameter and18-in. (3-mm)wall thickness, or, as an alternative, in the case of base metalthermocouples, protected by a standard12-in. (13-mm) diam-eter wrought steel or wrought iron pipe of standard weight, and6.3.1.2 Have a time constant between the range of 5.0 to 7.2min while encased in the tube
34、s described in 6.3.1.1.6.3.2 Other types of E119 protection tubes or pyrometersshall be used only when they give the same indications undertest conditions as those of 6.3.1.2 within the limit of accuracythat applies for furnace-temperature measurements.NOTE 2A typical thermocouple assembly meeting t
35、hese time constantrequirements may be fabricated by fusion-welding the twisted ends of No.18 gage Chromel-Alumel wires, mounting the leads in porcelain insulatorsand inserting the assembly so the thermocouple bead is approximately 0.5in. (25 mm) from the sealed end of the standard weight nominal12-i
36、n.(25-mm) iron, steel, or Inconel3pipe. The time constant for this and forseveral other thermocouple assemblies was measured in 1976. The timeconstant may also be calculated from knowledge of its physical andthermal properties.46.3.3 The E1529 furnace thermocouples shall measure thetemperature of th
37、e gases adjacent to and impinging on the testspecimens using factory manufactured14-in. (6-mm) outsidediameter (OD), Inconel-sheathed, Type K, Chromel-Alumelthermocouples. The time constant, in air, of the thermocoupleassemblies shall be less than 60 s. Standard calibration ther-mocouples with an ac
38、curacy of 6 0.75 % shall be used.6.4 Pressure-sensing ProbesWhere applicable, tolerancesare 6 5 % of dimensions shown in Fig. 3 or Fig. 4.6.4.1 The pressure-sensing probes shall be either:6.4.1.1 A T-shaped sensor as shown in Fig. 3,or6.4.1.2 A tube sensor as shown in Fig. 4.6.5 Unexposed Surface Th
39、ermocouples:6.5.1 The wires for the unexposed thermocouple in thelength covered by the thermocouple pad are not to be heavierthan No. 18 AWG (0.82 mm2) and are to be electricallyinsulated with heat-resistant and moisture-resistant coatings.6.6 Thermocouple Pads:6.6.1 The properties of thermocouple p
40、ads used to covereach thermocouple on the unexposed side of the test assemblyshall have the following characteristics.6.6.1.1 They shall be dry, felted refractory fiber pads.6.6.1.2 For joints having a maximum joint width of less than6 in. (152 mm) the length and width of the square pad shallmeasure
41、 2 6 0.04 in. (50 6 1 mm). For joints having amaximum joint width equal to or greater than 6 in. (152 mm)the length and width of the square pad shall measure 6 6 0.12in. (152 6 3 mm).6.6.1.3 The thermocouple pads shall be 0.375 6 0.063 in.(9.5 6 1.6 mm) thick. The thickness measurement is to bemade
42、under the light load of a standard12-in. (12.7-mm)diameter pad of a dial micrometer gauge.6.6.1.4 The thermocouple pads shall have a density of 31.26 0.6 lbs/ft3(500 6 10 kg/m3).3Inconel is a registered trade name of INCO Alloys, Inc., 3800 Riverside Dr.,Huntingdon, WV 25720.4Supporting data have be
43、en filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E05-1001.TABLE 1 Conditions of Test Specimen CyclingNOTE 1The terms used for movement are indicative of the cyclic ratein expansion and contraction of the joint system and not of the magnitudeor direction
44、 of movement.Movement Type MinimumCycling Rates (cpm)Minimum Number ofMovement CyclesType IThermal 1 500Type IIWind Sway 10 500Type IIISeismic 30 100Type IVCombined Move-ment30 100followed by: 10 400FIG. 1 Example of Vertical Furnace and Test FrameFIG. 2 Example of Horizontal FurnaceE1966 1536.6.1.5
45、 The thermal conductivity of the thermocouple padsat 150F (66C) shall be 0.37 6 0.03 Btu -in./h -ft2-F 0.0536 0.004 W/(m -K).6.6.1.6 The thermocouple pads shall have a hardness (onsoft face) of 2.25 to 4.5 (modified Brinnell). The hardnessmeasurement is to be made by pressing a standard 1-in.(25-mm)
46、 diameter steel ball against the specimen and measur-ing the indentation obtained between a minor load of 2pounds-mass (0.91 kg) and an additional major load of 10pounds-mass (4.5 kg) 12 pounds-mass (5.4 kg) total load.The hardness is obtained by the relationship:Hardness = 2.24/ywhere:y = the diffe
47、rence in indentation in. (mm).6.7 Differential Pressure Measurement Instruments:FIG. 3 “T” Shaped Pressure Sensing ProbeFIG. 4 Tube Type Pressure Sensing ProbeE1966 1546.7.1 The differential pressure measurement instrumentshall be:6.7.1.1 A manometer or equivalent transducer.6.7.1.2 Capable of readi
48、ng in graduated increments of nogreater than 0.01 in H2O (2.5 Pa) with a precision of not lessthan 6 0.005 in. H2O(6 1.25 Pa).6.8 Cotton Pads:6.8.1 Their nominal size shall be 4 by 4 by34 in. (100 by100 by 19 mm). Cotton pads are to consist of new, undyed andsoft cotton fibers, without any admixture
49、 of artificial fibers.Each cotton pad is to weigh approximately 3 to 4 g. The cottonpads are to be conditioned prior to use by drying in an oven at212 6 9F (100 6 5C) for at least 30 min. After drying, thecotton pads shall be stored in a desiccator for up to 24 h.6.8.2 The frame used to hold the cotton pad is to be formedof No. 16 AWG (1.31-mm) steel wire and is to be providedwith a handle long enough to reach all points of the testassembly.6.9 Loading System:6.9.1 Equipment, or a device, capable of inducing a desiredload upon the joint s
