1、Designation: E 1990 98 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Guide forPerforming Evaluations of Underground Storage TankSystems for Operational Conformance with 40 CFR, Part280 Regulations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1990; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers information for evaluating tank s
3、ys-tems for operational conformance with the Federal technicalstandards (including the financial responsibility requirements)for underground storage tanks (USTs) found at 40 Code ofFederal Register (CFR) Part 280.1.2 This guide does not address the corrective action re-quirements of 40 CFR Part 280.
4、1.3 To the extent that a tank system is excluded or deferredfrom the federal regulations under Subpart A of 40 CFR Part280, it is not covered by this guide.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of
5、 this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Federal Standards:Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Part 280, Technical Standards andCorre
6、ctive Action Requirements for Owners and Opera-tors of Underground Storage Tanks (UST)23. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 corrosion protectionto prevent the degradation of amaterial due to a reaction between the material and itsenvironment.3.1.2 implementing agenc
7、yEnvironmental ProtectionAgency (EPA), or, in the case of a State with program approval(or pursuant to a memorandum of agreement with EPA), thedesignated State or Local agency responsible for carrying outthe UST program.3.1.3 overfillexceeding the capacity of the tank.3.1.4 overfill protectiona devi
8、ce used to prevent a tankfrom being overfilled when product is being added to the tank.3.1.5 release detectiona method to determine whether arelease of a regulated substance has occurred from the USTsystem into the environment or into the interstitial spacebetween the UST system and its secondary ba
9、rrier or secondarycontainment around it.3.1.6 spillto cause or allow product to enter the environ-ment that was intended to be placed in the tank.3.1.7 spill preventiona device used to prevent or contain aspill associated with removing the fill hose from the tank fillpipe.3.1.8 suspected releaserele
10、ased product discovered at ornear the UST site, observed unusual operating conditions, suchas apparent loss of product; or results from a release detectionmethod that indicates a release. Suspected release does notinclude situations where a method or equipment is found to bedefective, is immediately
11、 corrected, and then indicates norelease.3.1.9 underground storage tank (UST)any one or combi-nation of tanks (including underground pipes connectedthereto) that is used to contain an accumulation of regulatedsubstances, and the volume of which (including connectedunderground piping) is 10 % or more
12、 beneath the surface of theground.3.1.9.1 existing tanka tank where installation began on orbefore 12/22/88.3.1.9.2 new tanka tank where installation started after12/22/88.3.1.10 upgradethe addition or retrofit of the UST systemor some system components such as release detection, corro-sion protecti
13、on, spill prevention, or overfill protection toimprove the ability of an UST system to prevent the release ofproduct and meet the requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.3.1.11 UST systeman underground storage tank, con-nected underground piping, underground ancillary equipment,and containment system, if an
14、y.3.2 Additional TerminologyThe following definitions anddiscussions, taken directly from the publication “Form andStyle for ASTM Standards” shall be included in full in every1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment and is the direct responsibility of Sub
15、committee E50.05 on WetlandEcosystems.Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published June 2005. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 1990-98.2Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM Inte
16、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.standard guide or practice produced and passed by CommitteeE-50 or any of its technical subcommittees, approved April 16,1997.3.2.1 guidea series of options or instructions that do notrecommend a specific
17、course of action.3.2.1.1 DiscussionWhereas a practice prescribes a gen-eral usage principle, a guide only suggest an approach. Thepurpose of a guide is to offer guidance, based on a consensusof viewpoints, but not to establish a fixed procedure.Aguide isintended to increase the awareness of the user
18、 to availabletechniques in a given subject area and to provide informationfrom which subsequent evaluation and standardization can bederived.3.2.2 practicea definitive procedure for performing oneor more specific operations or functions that does not producea test result.3.2.2.1 DiscussionA practice
19、 is not a downgraded testmethod. Examples of practices include procedures of interlabo-ratory testing programs or other statistical procedures; forwriting statements on sampling or precision and accuracy; andfor selection, preparation, application, inspection, and neces-sary precautions for the use,
20、 disposal, installation, mainte-nance, and operation of testing equipment.3.2.3 standardas used in ASTM, a document that hasbeen developed and established within the consensus principlesof the Society and that meets the approval requirements ofASTM procedures and regulations.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe te
21、rm “standard” serves in ASTMas an adjective in the title of documents such as test methodsor specifications, to connote specified consensus and approval.The various types of standard documents are based on theneeds and usages as prescribed by the technical committees ofthe Society.4. Significance an
22、d Use4.1 This guide is an educational tool for tank owners,operators, and other users and is not intended for use incertifying compliance with the Federal technical standards forunderground storage tanks.4.2 The intent of this guide is to provide an overview of thegeneral requirements. This guide is
23、 intended for users who aregenerally familiar with the requirements of 40 CFR Part 280.The user is advised that this guide does not contain the level ofdetail necessary to make the determination of whether specificequipment or services meet the detailed technical performancerequirements of 40 CFR Pa
24、rt 280.4.3 This guide does not cover state and local requirements,that can be more stringent than the federal rules. Owners andoperators are responsible for meeting federal, state, and, insome circumstances, local requirements. It is recommendedthat owners and operators familiarize themselves with t
25、heserequirements as well.4.4 Owners or operators may use the sample checklist inAppendix X1 to assist them in determining operational con-formance or they may develop their own checklist based uponthis guide.4.5 This guide and accompanying appendixes are not in-tended to be used by state or local US
26、T program authorities asa regulatory or administrative requirement for owners oroperators. Use of this guide and appendixes by owners andoperators is intended to be a voluntary educational tool for thepurposes described in 4.1.5. UST System Requirements5.1 Operational ConformanceFor an underground s
27、tor-age tank (UST) system to be in operational conformance with40 CFR Part 280, it must have release detection, corrosionprotection, spill prevention, and overfill protection.5.2 Release DetectionTo meet all release detection re-quirements, release detection for both tank and piping isrequired.5.2.1
28、 Petroleum Tanks These tanks may meet releasedetection requirements by use of one of the following:5.2.1.1 Monthly monitoring using one of the following:automatic tank gaging, vapor monitoring, interstitial monitor-ing, ground water monitoring, statistical inventory reconcilia-tion (SIR), and any ot
29、her approved method5.2.1.2 Monthly inventory control and annual tank tightnesstesting (may be used for existing UST systems which have notbeen upgraded to meet Federal regulations at 40 CFR Part280.21).5.2.1.3 Monthly inventory control and tank tightness testingevery five years (may start when new U
30、ST systems and USTsystems that have been upgraded with spill prevention andoverfill and corrosion protection meet the Federal regulationsat 40 CFR Part 280.20 or 280.21). This release detectionmethod must be replaced or augmented with one of the optionsin 5.2.1.1 at the later of two datesDecember 22
31、, 1998 or tenyears after the tank was installed or upgraded with corrosionprotection.5.2.1.4 Manual Tank GagingThis release detectionmethod is for tanks of 2000-gal capacity or less. This techniquemay be used if the tank meets the size, test duration, andstandard variation requirements listed in Tab
32、le 1:5.2.2 PipingPiping may meet release detection require-ments by use of one of the following:5.2.2.1 Pressurized PipingTo meet release detection re-quirements for pressurized piping, it is necessary to choose oneTABLE 1 Guide for Owners and OperatorsTank SizeMinimumDuration ofTest, hWeeklyStandar
33、d(One Test),galMonthlyStandard (Four-Test Average),galUp to 550 gal 36 10 5551 to 1000 gal (when the tankdiameter is 64 in.)44 9 4551 to 1000 gal (when the tankdiameter is 48 in.)58 12 6551 to 1000 gal (also requiresperiodic tank tightness testing inaccordance with 5.2.1.2 and5.2.1.3)36 13 71001 to
34、2000 gal (also requiresperiodic tank tightness testing inaccordance with 5.2.1.2 and5.2.1.3)36 26 13E 1990 98 (2005)2method from 5.2.2.2 and one method from 5.2.2.4 (or a singlemethod that satisfies both sections).5.2.2.2 Choose one of the following: automatic flow re-stricter, automatic shutoff dev
35、ice, and continuous alarm sys-tem.5.2.2.3 Each of these methods must be tested on an annualbasis in accordance with the manufacturers requirements.5.2.2.4 Choose one of the following: annual line tightnesstesting, monthly monitoring using one of the following: vapormonitoring, ground water monitorin
36、g, interstitial monitoring,SIR, other approved methods, such as: electric or electronicline leak detector, and continual reconciliation.5.2.2.5 Suction Piping For suction piping, you maychoose one of the following:5.2.2.6 Monthly monitoring using one of the following:vapor monitoring, ground water m
37、onitoring, interstitial moni-toring, SIR and, other approved methods.5.2.2.7 Line testing every three years.5.2.2.8 No leak detection requirements if the piping meetsthe following criteria:5.2.2.9 The below-grade piping operates at less than atmo-spheric pressure.5.2.2.10 The below-grade piping is s
38、loped so that thecontents of the pipe will drain back into the storage tank ifsuction is released.5.2.2.11 Only one check valve is included in each suctionline and it is located directly below and as close as practical tothe suction pump.5.2.2.12 Satisfying the preceding requirements must be ableto
39、be easily determined.5.2.3 Hazardous Substance TanksRelease detection forhazardous substance tanks must meet one of the following:5.2.3.1 Existing UST systems5.2.3.1.1 Until Dec. 22, 1998, existing hazardous USTsystems may meet the release detection requirements asdescribed in 5.2.1.5.2.3.1.2 By Dec
40、. 22, 1998, all hazardous UST systemsmust meet the new system requirements described in 5.2.3.2.5.2.3.2 New UST systems5.2.3.2.1 Unless an owner or operator has applied for andreceived a variance from the implementing agency, newhazardous substance UST systems must have each of thefollowing: seconda
41、ry containment, and monthly interstitialmonitoring.5.3 Corrosion ProtectionAll underground tanks and pip-ing must be protected from corrosion.5.3.1 TanksAny portion of the tank that is undergroundand routinely contains product must have corrosion protection.The following may be used to meet corrosio
42、n protectionrequirements for tanks:5.3.1.1 Coated and cathodically protected steel,5.3.1.2 Cathodic protection added,5.3.1.3 Interior lining added,5.3.1.4 Cathodic protection and interior lining added,5.3.1.5 Fiberglass reinforced plastic,5.3.1.6 Steel tank clad with a noncorrodible material, and5.3
43、.1.7 Other construction accepted by the implementingagency.5.3.1.8 Corrosion experts determination that the site is notcorrosive enough to cause it to have a release during theoperating life of the tank.5.3.2 PipingPiping that routinely contains regulated sub-stances and is in contact with the groun
44、d must be protectedfrom corrosion. The following may be used to meet corrosionprotection requirements for piping:5.3.2.1 Coated and cathodically protected steel,5.3.2.2 Cathodic protection added,5.3.2.3 Fiberglass reinforced plastic,5.3.2.4 Other construction accepted by the implementingagency, and5
45、.3.2.5 Corrosion experts determination that the site is notcorrosive enough to cause it to have a release during theoperating life of the piping.5.4 Spill Prevention and Overfill ProtectionTanks thatreceived regulated substances in quantities greater than 25 galat one filling need to have spill prev
46、ention and overfillprotection.5.4.1 To meet the spill prevention requirement, equipmentthat will contain the product in the transfer hose when thetransfer hose is detached from the fill pipe (for example, acatchment basin) must be used to prevent release of product tothe environment.5.4.2 To meet ov
47、erfill protection requirements, one of thefollowing must be used:5.4.2.1 Automatic shutoff device,5.4.2.2 Overfill alarm, and5.4.2.3 Ball float valve.6. Financial Responsibility6.1 Financial ResponsibilityOwners or operators of USTswhich hold petroleum must demonstrate financial responsibil-ity. The
48、se requirements are designed to ensure that someonecan pay the costs of cleaning up leaks and compensatingthird-parties for bodily injury and property damage caused byleaking USTs. The total amount of coverage required under thefederal rule is determined by the type of business, the amountof through
49、put of the tanks at a facility, and the number of tanksowned nationwide. The amount of coverage that an ownermust demonstrate may be changed due to coverage provided bya state financial assurance fund. The following mechanismsmay be used to meet the financial responsibility requirements:6.1.1 Insurance policy,6.1.2 Guarantee,6.1.3 Letter of credit,6.1.4 Self insurance.6.1.5 State financial assurance fund,6.1.6 Surety bond,6.1.7 Dedicated trust fund, and6.1.8 State approved method.6.1.9 The following four additional mechanisms may beused by local gover
