1、Designation: E 1996 09Standard Specification forPerformance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, andImpact Protective Systems Impacted by Windborne Debrisin Hurricanes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1996; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yea
2、r oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers exterior windows, glazed cur-
3、tain walls, doors, and impact protective systems used inbuildings located in geographic regions that are prone tohurricanes.1.2 This specification provides the information required toconduct Test Method E 1886.1.3 Qualification under this specification provides a basisfor judgment of the ability of
4、applicable elements of thebuilding envelope to remain unbreached during a hurricane;thereby minimizing the damaging effects of hurricanes on thebuilding interior and reducing the magnitude of internalpressurization. While this standard was developed for hurri-canes, it may be used for other types of
5、 similar windstormscapable of generating windborne debris.1.4 This specification provides a uniform set of guidelinesbased upon currently available information and research.2Asnew information and research becomes available it will beconsidered.1.5 All values are stated in SI units and are to be rega
6、rdedas standard. Values given in parentheses are for informationonly. Where certain values contained in reference documentscited and quoted herein are stated in inch-pound units theymust be converted by the user.1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test method portion, Secti
7、on 5, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior
8、to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-meric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (HockmanCycle)C 1135 Test Method for Determining Tensile AdhesionProperties of Structural SealantsD 3575 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials Mad
9、eFrom Olefin PolymersE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 1886 Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows,Curtain Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective SystemsImpacted by Missile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic PressureDifferentials2.2 ASCE Standard:4ASCE 7 American Society of Civil Engineers Mi
10、nimumDesign Loads for Buildings and Other Structures2.3 Other Standards:5International Residential Code 20003. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 General terms used in this specification are defined inTerminology E 631.3.1.2 Terms common to this specification and Test MethodE 1886 are defined in Test
11、Method E 1886, unless definedherein.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 assembly elevationvertical dimension above adja-cent mean ground level at which fenestration or impact1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the
12、 direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E 1996 082.2See the Significance and Use Section of Test Method
13、 E 1886.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (
14、ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.5Available from International Code Council (ICC), 500 New Jersey Ave., NW,6th Floor, Washington, DC 20001-2070, http:/www.iccsafe.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
15、9, United States.protective system assembly is to be installed, measured to thelowest point of the assembly.3.2.2 basic wind speedthree-second gust speeds as de-fined in the latest edition of ASCE 7.3.2.3 combination mulliona horizontal or vertical mem-ber formed by joining two or more individual fe
16、nestration unitstogether without a mullion stiffener.3.2.4 impact protective systemconstruction applied, at-tached, or locked over an exterior glazed opening system toprotect that system from windborne debris during high windevents.3.2.4.1 DiscussionImpact protective systems includetypes that are fi
17、xed, operable, or removable.3.2.5 infillglazing in a fenestration assembly or curtainwall.3.2.6 integral mulliona horizontal or vertical memberwhich is bounded at both ends by crossing frame members.3.2.7 maximum deflectionGreatest deformation of an ele-ment or component under the application of an
18、applied force.3.2.8 maximum dynamic deflectiongreatest deformationof an element or component during the missile impact.3.2.9 meeting rail or check railone of the two horizontalmembers of a sliding sash that come together when in theclosed position.3.2.10 meeting stileone of the two vertical members
19、of asliding sash that come together when in the closed position.3.2.11 porous impact protective systeman assemblywhose aggregate open area exceeds ten percent of its projectedsurface area.3.2.12 valleya pivoting axis of an impact protectivesystem designed to rotate adjacent slats or panels outward.4
20、. Test Specimens4.1 Number of Test Specimens:4.1.1 Fenestration Assemblies:4.1.1.1 Three test specimens shall be submitted for the largemissile test.4.1.1.2 Three test specimens shall be submitted for the smallmissile test.4.1.1.3 One additional test specimen may be submitted foreach of the tests sh
21、ould no more than one of the original threespecimens fail any portion of the testing.4.1.2 Impact Protective Systems:4.1.2.1 A minimum of three test specimens shall be submit-ted for the large missile test for the largest span to be qualified.4.1.2.2 A minimum of three test specimens shall be submit
22、-ted for the small missile test.4.1.2.3 One additional test specimen may be submitted foreach of the tests should no more than one of the originalspecimens fail any portion of the testing.4.2 Test specimens shall be prepared as specified in TestMethod E 1886.4.3 The size of the test specimen shall b
23、e determined by thespecifying authority. All components of each test specimenshall be full size.4.4 Where it is impractical to test the entire fenestrationassembly such as curtain wall and heavy commercial assem-blies, test the largest size of each type of panel as required bythe specifying authorit
24、y to qualify the entire assembly.4.5 Fenestration assemblies and impact protective systemsintended to be mulled together shall be tested separately ortested by combining three specimens into one mounting frameseparated only by the mullions.5. Test Methods5.1 Test specimens shall be tested according
25、to Test MethodE 1886.5.2 Determine the missile based upon building classifica-tion, wind speed, and assembly elevation according to Section6.5.3 Location of Impact:5.3.1 Large Missile TestImpact each impact protectivesystem specimen and each fenestration assembly infill typeonce as shown in Fig. 1,
26、except for additional impacts specifiedin 5.3.2.5.3.1.1 Impact one specimen with the center of the missilewithin a 65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with the center ofthe circle located at the center of each type of infill.5.3.1.2 Impact a different specimen with the center of themissile within a 65
27、-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with thecenter of the circle located 150 mm (6 in.) from supportingmembers at a corner.5.3.1.3 Impact the remaining specimen with the center ofthe missile within a 65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with thecenter of the circle located 150 mm (6 in.) from supportingmem
28、bers at a diagonally opposite corner.5.3.2 Additional Impact Locations in Wind Zone 4(See Fig. 1):5.3.2.1 Impact the same specimen specified in 5.3.1.1 asecond time with the center of the second missile within a65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with the center of the circlelocated 150 mm (6 in.) fro
29、m supporting member at a corner.5.3.2.2 Impact the same specimen specified in 5.3.1.2 asecond time with the center of the second missile within a65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with the center of the circlelocated at the center of each type of infill.5.3.2.3 Impact the same specimen specified in 5
30、.3.1.3 asecond time with the center of the second missile within a65-mm (212-in.) radius circle and with the center of the circlelocated at the center of each type of infill except as specified in5.3.3.6.NOTE 1The white circles denote first impact and the black circlesdenote second impact.FIG. 1 Imp
31、act Location for Large Missile Test (Each Type of Infill)E19960925.3.2.4 For test specimens with bracing at the specifiedimpact location(s), the impact location(s) shall be relocated tothe nearest area with no bracing.5.3.3 Special Considerations:5.3.3.1 For test specimens containing multiple panels
32、, im-pact the exterior glazing surface innermost from the exteriorplane of the fenestration assembly or impact protective systempanel innermost from the exterior.5.3.3.2 For test specimens containing fixed and operablepanels of the same type of infill, impact the operable portion.5.3.3.3 For operabl
33、e test specimens, a corner impact loca-tion shall be nearest a locking device and the other cornerimpact location shall be at a corner diagonally opposite.5.3.3.4 For test specimens with bracing at the specifiedimpact location(s), the impact location(s) shall be relocated tothe nearest area with no
34、bracing.5.3.3.5 The impacts on accordion impact protective systemsshall be at the valleys located closest to the impact locationsshown in Fig. 1.5.3.3.6 In Wind Zone 4, impact the integral mullion andother intermediate members such as a meeting rail, check rail,or meeting stile mid-span in lieu of t
35、he impact specified in5.3.2.3 if applicable. (See Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4.)5.3.3.7 In Wind Zone 4, for each type of mullion impact onevertical or horizontal combination mullion with the longestspan at mid span in addition to impacts specified in 5.3. (SeeFig. 3.)5.3.4 Small Missile TestImpact eac
36、h impact protectivesystem specimen and each fenestration assembly infill typethree times with ten steel balls each as shown in Fig. 5.5.3.4.1 Each impact location shall receive distributed im-pacts simultaneously from ten steel balls. The impact shall bedescribed in the test report.5.3.4.2 The corne
37、r impact locations shall be entirely withina 250-mm (10-in.) radius circle having its center located at 275mm (11 in.) from the edges.5.3.4.3 The edge impact locations shall be entirely within a250-mm (10-in.) radius circle at the centerline between twocorners having its center located at 275 mm (11
38、 in.) from theedge.5.3.4.4 The center impact location shall be entirely within a250-mm (10-in.) radius circle having its center located at thehorizontal and vertical centerline of the infill.NOTE 1Impact locations for small missile test may overlap dependingon the size of the specimen.5.4 Air Pressu
39、re Cycling:5.4.1 Air Pressure Differential:5.4.1.1 The air pressure portion of the test shall use the testloading program in Table 1. Select Pposand Pnegfor themaximum inward (positive) and maximum outward (negative)air pressure differential for which qualification is sought.FIG. 2 Integral MullionF
40、IG. 3 Combination Mullion with Meeting or Check RailFIG. 4 Meeting StileFIG. 5 Impact Locations for Small Missile Test (Each Type ofInfill)TABLE 1 Cyclic Static Air Pressure LoadingLoadingSequenceLoading Direction Air Pressure CyclesNumber of AirPressure Cycles1 Positive 0.2 to 0.5 Ppos35002 Positiv
41、e 0.0 to 0.6 Ppos3003 Positive 0.5 to 0.8 Ppos6004 Positive 0.3 to 1.0 Ppos1005 Negative 0.3 to 1.0 Pneg506 Negative 0.5 to 0.8 Pneg10507 Negative 0.0 to 0.6 Pneg508 Negative 0.2 to 0.5 Pneg3350E19960935.4.1.2 The air pressure differential to be used for porousimpact protective systems shall be F (t
42、he design wind force forother structures as specified in ASCE 7) divided by thehorizontally projected area of the entire assembly.5.4.2 Except in Wind Zone 4, porous impact protectivesystems whose aggregate open area exceeds 50 % of theirprojected surface area that pass the small missile test and th
43、atare not subject to the large missile test need not be tested forthe air pressure portion of the test described in this section.5.5 For impact protective system specimens that are testedindependently of the fenestration assemblies they are intendedto protect, measure, and record both the maximum dy
44、namicdeflection and the residual deflection following the impact testand measure and record the maximum positive deflection incombination with the residual deflection during the air pressurecycling test. Measure all deflections to the nearest 2 mm (0.1in.).6. Missiles6.1 The specifying authority sha
45、ll select an applicablemissile by defining a level of protection, a wind zone, and anassembly elevation above the ground.6.2 The applicable missile from Table 2 shall be chosenusing Table 3 or Table 4, unless otherwise specified.6.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, select the appropriate levelof buildi
46、ng protection from 6.2.1.1-6.2.1.3 and enter Table 3 orTable 4 at the appropriate column.6.2.1.1 Enhanced Protection (Essential Facilities)Buildings and other structures designated as essential facilities,including, but not limited to, hospitals; other health carefacilities having emergency treatmen
47、t facilities; jails and de-tention facilities; fire, rescue and police stations, and emer-gency vehicle garages; designated emergency shelters; com-munications centers and other facilities required for emergencyresponse; power generating stations; other public utility facili-ties required in an emer
48、gency; and buildings and other struc-tures having critical national defense functions.6.2.1.2 Basic ProtectionAll buildings and structures ex-cept those listed in 6.2.1.1 and 6.2.1.3.6.2.1.3 UnprotectedBuildings and other structures thatrepresent a low hazard to human life in a windstorm including,b
49、ut not limited to: agricultural facilities, production green-houses, certain temporary facilities, and storage facilities.6.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, select the wind zone basedon the basic wind speed as follows:6.2.2.1 Wind Zone 1110 mph (49 m/s) # basic windspeed 140 mph (63 m/s).7. Pass/Fail Criteria7.1 In Wind Zones 1, 2, 3, and 4, the specifying authorityshall select an applicable pass/fail criterion based on 7.1.1 and7.1.2.7.1.1 Fenestration Assemblies and Non-Porous Impact Pro-tective Systems:7.1.1.1 The test specimen shall resist the large
