1、Designation: E 2004 04Standard Test Method forFacing Cleavage of Sandwich Panels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cleav-age force t
3、o peel stiff facings from sandwich panels.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI units given in parenthesis may beapproximate, and are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with it
4、s use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1781 Test Method for Climbing Drum Peel for AdhesivesE4 Practices for
5、 Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 adhesive failurefailure that is completely within theadhesive layer with no evidence of interfacial disbondingbetween the core and the adhesive, between the adhesive andthe facing, and no evidence of tearing or rupture within
6、 thecore.3.1.2 bond failurefailure that is interfacial and is either(a) between the adhesive and the core, or (b) between theadhesive and the facing; no core or adhesive failure will be inevidence in this type of failure.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIf bond failure occurs it should bespecified as to whether it
7、 is type (a)or(b).3.1.3 core failurefailure that is completely within the corematerial and is comprised of a tearing or rupture of the corematerial with no evidence of interfacial disbonding betweenthe core and the adhesive, within the adhesive itself, orbetween the adhesive and the facing.3.1.4 mix
8、ed-mode failurefailure that shows evidence ofmore than one of the three failure modes described above.3.1.4.1 DiscussionVisually estimate and report the per-cent of the total failure surface area that is covered by each typeof failure.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method determines the cleava
9、ge force requiredto peel stiff facings from the core of sandwich panels, and isused to determine how well the facing is bonded to the core.Test Method D 1781 only works well with flexible facings. Asa guideline, the cleavage test method would work better onsandwich panels that have facings with a be
10、nding stiffness (EI)of greater than approximately 27.3 lbs-in2/inch width (3.09kNmm2/mm width). This converts to approximately 0.032 in.(0.81 mm) aluminum, 0.023 in. (0.57 mm) steel, and 0.046 in.(1.18 mm) fiberglass facings.5. Apparatus5.1 Test Machine, capable of maintaining a controlled load-ing
11、rate and indicating the load with an accuracy of 61%ofthe indicated value. The accuracy of the test machine shall beverified in accordance with Practices E4.5.2 Deflectometer, capable of measuring the displacementwith a precision of at least 610 %.5.3 Micrometer gage or caliper, capable of measuring
12、accurately to 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimen shall be from the sandwich panelbeing evaluated.6.2 Prepare the specimen according to the dimensionsspecified in Fig. 1.6.3 The loading blocks shall be bonded to the specimen withan adhesive or attached with pop-rivets. See Fig.
13、2.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.53on Materials and Processes for Durable Rigidwall Relocatable Structures.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originallyapprov
14、ed in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E 2004 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websi
15、te.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Conditioning7.1 When the physical properties of the component materi-als are affected by moisture, bring the test specimens toconstant weight (61 %) before testing, preferably in
16、a condi-tioning room with temperature and humidity control, and makethe tests, preferably, in a room under the same conditions. Atemperature of 73 6 5F (23 6 3C) and a relative humidity of30 6 5 % are recommended.8. Procedure8.1 Mount the specimen in the loading blocks with pins sothe loading blocks
17、 are free to swivel during the load applica-tion.8.2 Apply the load to the blocks at a 1.0 in./min (25.4mm/min) cross-head travel rate.8.3 Obtain load-deflection curves from cross-head travel.9. Calculation9.1 Determine the peak initial load and the average loadafter the peak initial load as shown i
18、n Fig. 3.10. Report10.1 The report shall include the following:10.1.1 Description of test specimens, core material, facings,core-to-facing adhesive,10.1.2 Dimensions of the test specimens, core orientation,10.1.3 Method of attaching blocks to specimens,10.1.4 Specimens conditioning, if any,10.1.5 Te
19、st temperature and specimens time at temperature,10.1.6 Test machine cross-head loading rate,10.1.7 Peak load, individual values and average, lb (N),10.1.8 Average load, individual values and average, lb (N),10.1.9 Load-deflection curves, and10.1.10 Description of failure mode, whether core, adhe-si
20、ve, bond, or mixed-mode failure occurred.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method for mea-suring sandwich facing peel will be determined in the future.11.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this testme
21、thod, bias has not been determined.12. Keywords12.1 cleavage; facing; peel; sandwich coreFIG. 1 Cleavage Test SpecimenFIG. 2 Loading Blocks for Cleavage Test SpecimenFIG. 3 Determination of Peak Initial Load and Average LoadE2004042ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any
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23、ion at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your c
24、omments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrig
25、hted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E2004043
