1、Designation: E 2032 07aAn American National StandardStandard Guide forExtension of Data From Fire Resistance Tests Conducted inAccordance with ASTM E 1191This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2032; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the extension of fire endurance resultsobtained from fir
3、e tests performed in accordance with TestMethod E119to constructions that have not been tested. TestMethod E119evaluates the duration for which test specimenswill contain a fire, retain their standard integrity, or both duringa predetermined test exposure.1.2 This guide is based on principles involv
4、ing the exten-sion of test data using simple considerations. The acceptance ofthese principles and their application is based substantially onan analogous worst case proposition.1.3 These principles are only applicable to temperatureconditions represented by the standard time-temperature curvedescri
5、bed in Test Method E 119. Test Method E119 is afire-test-response standard.1.4 The types of building constructions which are thesubject of this guide are categorized as follows: beams; floorand roof assemblies; columns; and walls and partitions. Floorand roof assemblies include such assemblies with
6、ceilingprotective membranes.1.5 The extension of test data using numerical calculationsbased on empirical data or theoretical models is not covered inthis guide.1.6 This guide does not cover the substitution of oneproprietary material for another proprietary material, or mate-rials for which fire te
7、st data are not presently available.1.7 This guide does not purport to be comprehensive in itstreatment of non-proprietary modifications of tested construc-tions. Engineering evaluation or tests are recommended forassessing modifications not specifically covered in this guide.1.8 The values given in
8、 SI units are regarded as standard.1.9 This guide is used to measure and describe the responseof materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate allfactors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products,
9、or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulat
10、ory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 553 Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket ThermalInsulation for Commercial and Industrial ApplicationsC 612 Specification for Mineral Fiber Block and BoardThermal InsulationE11
11、9 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand MaterialsE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 1264 Classification for Acoustical Ceiling ProductsE 1513 Practice for Application of Sprayed Fire-ResistiveMaterials (SFRMs)3. Terminology3.1 Definition
12、s:3.1.1 For definitions used in this guide, refer to Terminolo-gies E 176, C 168, and E 631.3.1.2 fire endurance, na measure of the elapsed timeduring which a material or assemblage continues to exhibit fireresistance3.1.3 fire resistance, nthe property of a material or assem-blage to withstand fire
13、 or give protection from it.3.1.3.1 DiscussionIn this guide, it is characterized by theability to confine a fire and continue to perform a givenstructural function.1This standard guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E
14、05.11 on FireResistance.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E 203207.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual B
15、ook of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.4 mineral fiber insulation, ninsulation composed prin-cipally of fibers manu
16、factured from rock, slag, or glassprocessed from molten state into fibrous form to compriseflexible batts or blankets, rigid or semi-rigid blocks and boards,or loose fill insulations, with or without binder.3.1.4.1 DiscussionMineral fiber blanket thermal insula-tions and mineral fiber block and boar
17、d thermal insulations areclassified into various types based upon the maximum usetemperature, which can range from 204C (400F) to 982C(1800F), and the apparent thermal conductivity (See Specifi-cations C 553 and C 612).3.1.5 unit weight, nas applied to concrete, weight per unitvolume.3.2 Definitions
18、 of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 acoustical ceiling panel, na form of a prefabricatedsound absorbing ceiling element used with exposed suspensionsystems (see Specification E 1264).3.2.2 acoustical ceiling tile, na form of a prefabricatedsound absorbing ceiling element used with concealed or
19、semi-exposed suspension systems, stapling, or adhesive bond-ing (see Specification E 1264).3.2.3 beams, nall horizontally oriented structural mem-bers employed in building construction and known variously asbeams, joists, or girders.3.2.4 ceiling protective membrane, na ceiling membraneattached to o
20、r suspended from the structural members of thefloor or ceiling assembly, usually by hanger wire or threadedrods, consisting of a grid suspension system with lay-in ceilingpanels or a grid of steel furring channels to which the ceilingmembrane is directly attached, intended to provide fire protec-tio
21、n, acoustical and or aesthetic enhancements, or both.3.2.5 composite, nas applied to loadbearing elements, aninteraction between structural components which is to be takeninto account in the evaluation of load capacity.3.2.6 design load, nthe intended maximum design loadcondition allowed by design u
22、nder appropriate nationallyrecognized structural design criteria.3.2.7 directly applied fire resistive coating, nmaterialsthat are normally sprayed onto substrates to provide fire-resistive protection of the substrates.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThese coatings are called sprayed fire-resistive materials in S
23、tandard Practice E 1513 and relatedstandards.3.2.8 equivalent thickness, nthe calculated solid thicknessof concrete or masonry for purposes of determining fireresistance ratings of barrier elements on the basis of heattransmission end-point criteria.3.2.9 insulation, na material that is normally add
24、ed to anassembly to provide resistance to heat flow for purpose ofenergy conservation.3.2.9.1 DiscussionInsulation materials are also used toimprove sound control or improve fire resistance.3.2.10 lightweight aggregate concrete, nconcrete madewith aggregates of expanded clay, shale, slag, or slate o
25、rsintered fly ash, and weighing 1360 to 1840 kg/m3(85 to 115pcf).3.2.11 material, generic, nis one for which a nationallyrecognized Standard Specification exists.3.2.12 material proprietary, nis one whose fire perfor-mance characteristics are determined in consideration of aformulation or process of
26、 production that is proprietary.3.2.13 non-composite, nas applied to loadbearing ele-ments, structural interaction between contiguous elements isassumed not to exist in the evaluation of load capacity.3.2.14 sand-lightweight concrete, nconcrete made with acombination of expanded clay, shale, slag, o
27、r slate or sinteredfly ash and natural sand and generally weighing between 1680and 1920 kg/m3(105 to 120 pcf).3.2.15 specified load, nas applied to loadbearing ele-ments, the test load applied to the element in a Test MethodE119test.3.2.15.1 DiscussionIn Test Method E119 testing, thespecified load i
28、s generally the design load (see 3.2.6).3.2.16 test specimen, nthe specific construction assemblythat was tested in accordance with Test Method E119.3.2.17 transfer, nthe process of substituting a loadbearingelement from one test specimen for the loadbearing element inanother test specimen, or utili
29、zing a loadbearing element fromone test specimen for use in another test specimen that does notinclude a loadbearing element.3.2.18 ultimate capacity, nas applied to loadbearing ele-ments, the actual maximum load carrying capacity of anelement based on properties specific to the material constitut-i
30、ng the element.4. Significance and Use4.1 The methods and procedures set forth in this guide relateto the extension of the fire endurance results obtained fromparticular fire tested specimens to constructions that have notbeen tested.4.2 Users of this guide must have knowledge and under-standing of
31、the provisions of Test Method E119 includingthose pertaining to conditions of acceptance.4.3 In order to apply some of the principles described in thisguide, reference to the original fire test report will be necessary.4.4 In Test Method E 119, the specimens are subjected tospecific laboratory fire
32、test exposure conditions. Substitution ofdifferent test conditions or changes in the end use conditionshave the ability to change the measured fire-test-responsecharacteristics. Therefore, the extensions of data are valid onlyfor the fire test exposure conditions described in Test MethodE 119,.5. Ge
33、neral Principles5.1 The same criteria or conditions of acceptance as set outin the Test Method E119and followed in the establishment ofthe fire endurance classification of the original test specimenshall be used in the evaluation of the effect of the modificationor substitution of components in a te
34、st specimen.5.1.1 The criteria or conditions of acceptance for the evalu-ation of modified test specimens shall likewise be in accor-dance with the appropriate sections of Test Method E 119.5.2 Statements in this guide only indicate whether a changein the construction either “can reduce” or “does no
35、t reduce” fireendurance.5.3 Limitations:E 2032 07a25.3.1 The extension of fire endurance data is valid only forchanges to the tested specimen that fall within normal andreasonable limits of standard construction practices.5.3.2 Statements are valid only if the identified changes arethe only changes
36、in the construction or properties of thecomponents.5.3.3 It is possible that multiple changes have a differentcumulative effect than that of individual changes appliedseparately.5.3.4 Unless otherwise indicated, statements are only validif the change identified does not change the specified load.5.3
37、.4.1 Provisions in this guide involving the ratio ofspecified load to design load assume that the safety factor (ratioof ultimate capacity to design load) inherent in the designprocedure is constant.5.3.4.2 Increasing the ratio of the maximum applied load(specified load, dead plus live load) to the
38、design load of anelement beyond that realized in the test specimen can reducethe fire endurance.5.3.5 Provisions in this guide pertaining to concrete onlyapply to concrete with a compressive strength of 55.1 MPa(8000 psi) or less.5.4 Restrained/Unrestrained Specimens:5.4.1 The fire endurance of a be
39、am, floor, or roof testspecimen is related to either a restrained or unrestrainedcondition, or both. A restrained condition in a fire test isconsidered to be one in which the displacement or rotation dueto fire induced thermal expansion of a load bearing element isresisted by forces external to the
40、element. An unrestrainedcondition in a fire test is one in which the load bearing elementis free to expand and rotate at its supports or is not subject tosubstantial thermal expansion and its resulting restrainingforces.5.4.2 Ratings of restrained beam, floor, or roof test speci-mens are intended fo
41、r application to elements which areconsidered to be suitable for use in restrained building con-struction where the surrounding or supporting structure iscapable of resisting substantial thermal expansion throughoutthe range of anticipated elevated fire conditions.5.4.3 Ratings of unrestrained beam,
42、 floor or roof test speci-mens are intended for application to elements which areconsidered to be suitable for use in unrestrained and restrainedbuilding construction where the surrounding or supportingstructure is or is not capable of resisting substantial thermalexpansion throughout the range of a
43、nticipated elevated fireconditions.5.4.3.1 The application of unrestrained classified beams,floors or roofs for use in building constructions with endrestraint does not reduce the fire endurance.NOTE 1See Appendix X3 “Guide for Determining Conditions ofRestraint for Floor and Roof Assemblies and for
44、 Individual Beams” inTest Method E119for assistance in determining the conditions of thermalrestraint applicable to floor and roof constructions and individual beams inactual building construction.5.5 Composite and Non-Composite Design:5.5.1 Fire endurance classifications of beams and floors orroofs
45、 tested with composite design between the beam and thefloor or roof is not reduced in actual building constructionsdesigned for either composite or non-composite action.5.5.2 Conversely, fire endurance classifications of beamsand floors or roofs tested in non-composite design shall belimited to buil
46、ding constructions designed for non-compositeaction.6. Principles Pertaining to Heat Transfer Characteristicsof Concrete6.1 The provisions in this section are applicable only as theyaffect the transfer of heat through concrete. Considerationsinvolving structural fire endurance are addressed in other
47、sections.6.2 For concrete test specimens where temperature rise onthe unexposed surface of a concrete slab (wall, floor, or roof)is the governing criterion, the following modifications do notreduce the fire endurance of the assembly:6.2.1 Decrease in concrete unit weight;6.2.2 Substitution of sanded
48、 light-weight aggregate concreteor light-weight aggregate concrete for normal weight concrete;also, substitution of carbonate aggregate for siliceous aggre-gate for either the coarse or the fine aggregate used in theconcrete;6.2.3 Decrease in the nominal maximum size of coarseaggregate within a give
49、n concrete aggregate type;6.2.4 Increase or decrease in the compressive strength of theconcrete;6.2.5 Change in the type of portland cement, flyash oradmixtures used in the concrete;6.2.6 Changes in the type or amount of reinforcement;6.2.7 Increase in the equivalent thickness of the slab for agiven type of aggregate concrete; and6.2.8 Change in slab design or restraint conditions, providedthe equivalent thickness of slab does not decrease.6.2.9 In slabs or constructions incorporating joints otherthan construction joints, changes in joint design provide
