1、Designation: E2033 99 (Reapproved 2013)E2033 17Standard Practice forComputed RadiologyRadiographic Examination UsingComputed Radiography (Photostimulable LuminescenceMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2033; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes the minimum requirements for c
3、omputed radiographic (CR) examination for metallic andnonmetallic materials using X-ray or gamma radiation.1.2 ApplicabilityThe requirements in this practice are intended to control the quality of computed radiographic examinationsand are not intended to establish acceptance criteria for parts or ma
4、terials.1.3 Basis of ApplicationThis practiceThe requirements covers application details for computedof this practice, Practice E2445radiology (CR)and E2446 examination using a process in which photostimulable luminescence isshall be used together. Therequirements of Practice E2445 emitted by the pe
5、netrating radiation detector, a storage phosphor imaging plate (SPIP). Becausethe techniques involved and thewill provide the baseline performance evaluation and long term stability test procedures for the CRsystem. Practice E2446 applications for CR examination are diverse, this practice is not int
6、ended to be limiting or restrictive, butrather to address the general applications of the technology and thereby facilitate its use. Refer to GuidesCR performance levelsare recommended in Table 1. The user of the CR system shall establish a written procedure that addresses the specific requirementsa
7、nd tests to be used in their application and shall E94 andbe approved E2007, Terminologyby the E1316, and PracticesCognizantRadiographic Level E747 and3 before E1025, and 21 CFR 1020.40 and 29 CFR 1910.96 for additional information andguidance.examination of production hardware. The items that shall
8、 be determined and addressed in the written procedure are:(a) Personnel qualification and certification.(b) Minimum effective pixel coverage appropriate to the acceptance criteria and to meet the radiographic image quality levelrequirements of Table 1.(c) Additional tests per Practice E2445 deemed a
9、ppropriate.(d) Organizations using a gamma source or radiation energy above 320 kV may need to modify the E2445 tests, gauges, orboth.(e) Maximum allowed unsharpness when other than Table 1.(f) The method used to provide image traceability to the part and the examination facility.1.3.1 This practice
10、 also requires the user to perform a system qualification suitable for its intended purpose and to issue a systemqualification report (see subsection 7.1). Additionally, the user shall develop part specific inspection procedures (see subsections5.5 and 7.5).1.4 UnitsThe general principles discussed
11、in this practice apply broadly to penetrating radiation CR systems. However, thisdocument is written specifically for use with X-ray and gamma-ray systems. Other CR systems, such as those employing neutrons,will involve equipment and application details unique to such systems.values stated in either
12、 SI units or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.Where applicabl
13、e, SI units are shown in brackets xx.1.5 ComplianceSystems, equipment and materials that do not comply with this practice shall require a waiver from theCognizant Engineering Organization (CEO).1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the di
14、rect responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology(X and Gamma) Method.Current edition approved June 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2017. Published June 2013December 2017. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 asE2033 - 99 (2006).(2013). DOI: 10.1520/E2033-99R13.10.1520/E2033-
15、17.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior
16、editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.6 This standard does not purport to address
17、 all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific safety statements, s
18、ee Section 10 and 21 CFR 1020.40 and 29 CFR1910.96.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby th
19、e World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E94E746 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radiographic FilmPractice for Determining Relative ImageQuality Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging SystemsE747 Practi
20、ce for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used forRadiologyE1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI)Used for RadiologyE1030 Practice for Radiographic Examinatio
21、n of Metallic CastingsE1032 Test Method for Radiographic Examination of WeldmentsE1114 Test Method for Determining the Size of Iridium-192 Industrial Radiographic SourcesE1161 Practice for Radiologic Examination of Semiconductors and Electronic ComponentsE1165 Test Method for Measurement of Focal Sp
22、ots of Industrial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole ImagingE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE1453E1647 Guide for Storage of Magnetic Tape Media that Contains Analog or Digital Radioscopic DataPractice forDetermining Contrast Sensitivity in RadiologyE1475E1735 Guide for Data Fields for Computeri
23、zed Transfer of Digital Radiological Examination DataTest Method forDetermining Relative Image Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film Exposed to X-Radiation from 4 to 25 MeVE1742 Practice for Radiographic ExaminationE1817 Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Examination by Using Represe
24、ntative Quality Indicators (RQIs)E2002 Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness and Basic Spatial Resolution in Radiography and RadioscopyE2339 Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE)E2445 Practice for Performance Evaluation and Long-Term Stabili
25、ty of Computed Radiography SystemsE2446 Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Computed Radiography SystemsE2736 Guide for Digital Detector Array RadiologyE2007E2738 Guide for Computed RadiographyPractice for Digital Imaging and Communication Nondestructive Evaluation(DICONDE) for Computed R
26、adiography (CR) Test MethodsE2903 Test Method for Measurement of the Effective Focal Spot Size of Mini and Micro Focus X-ray Tubes2.2 ASNT Standards:3SNT-TC-1AANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Recommended Practice Standard for Personnel Qualification and Certification inof Nonde-structive Testing PersonnelANSI/ASNT-
27、CP-189SNT-TC-1A Standard Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification ofin Nonde-structive Testing Personnel2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Code applications, see related Practice SE-2033 in Section II of that code.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.
28、org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Plaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.T
29、ABLE 1 Total Image Unsharpness, MaximumMaterial Thickness Maximum Allowed Image Unsharpness(UT20% or UIm)Recommended CR Performance Level per E2446# 0.5 inch# 12.7 mm0.010 inch 0.254 mm CR level I or Higher 0.5 through 1 inch 12.7 through 25.4 mm0.015 inch 0.381 mm CR level I or Higher 1 through 2 i
30、nches 25.4 through 50.8 mm0.020 inch 0.508 mm CR level II or Higher 2 through 4 inches 50.8 through 101.6 mm0.030 inch 0.762 mm CR level II or Higher 4 inches 101.6 mm0.040 inch 1.016 mm CR level II or HigherE2033 1722.3 Aerospace Industries Association of America Document:4NAS-410 Certification and
31、 Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel2.4 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE):5RP133 Specifications for Medical Diagnostic Imaging Test Pattern for Television Monitors and Hard Copy Recording Cameras2.5 Federal Standards:Government Documents:6Title 21, CFR 1020.40N
32、CRP 116 Safety Requirements of Cabinet X-Ray SystemsLimitation to Exposure to Ionizing RadiationTitle 29, CFR 1910.96NCRP 147 Ionizing RadiationStructural Shielding Design for Medical X-ray Imaging Facilities2.6 AIA Standard:ISO Documents:7NAS-410ISO 9712 Certification Non-destructive TestingQualifi
33、cation and QualificationCertification of NondestructiveTesting NDT PersonnelISO 10012 Measurement Management SystemsRequirements for Measurement Processes and Measuring EquipmentISO 17636-2 Non-destructive Testing of WeldsRadiographic TestingPart 2: X- and Gamma-Ray Techniques with DigitalDetectorsI
34、SO 19232-1 Non-destructiveTestingImage Quality of RadiographsPart 1: Determination of the Image QualityValue UsingWire-type Image Quality IndicatorsISO 19232-2 Non-destructive TestingImage Quality of RadiographsPart 2: Determination of the Image Quality ValueUsing Step/Hole-Type Image Quality Indica
35、tors2.7 EN Documents:8EN 4179 Aerospace SeriesQualification and Approval of Personnel for Non-destructive TestingEN 12543-2 Non-destructive TestingCharacteristics of Focal Spots in Industrial X-ray Systems for Use in Non-destructiveTestingPart 2: Pinhole Camera Radiographic MethodEN 12543-5 Non-dest
36、ructive TestingCharacteristics of Focal Spots in Industrial X-ray Systems for Use in Non-destructiveTestingPart 5: Measurement of the Effective Focal Spot Size of Mini and Micro Focus X-ray Tubes.2.8 ANSI Documents:9Z5403 Requirements for the Calibration of Measuring and Test Equipment3. Terminology
37、3.1 Definitions: Definitions relating to radiographic examination, which appear in Terminology E1316, shall apply to the termsused in this practice.3.1.1 1:1an image display scenario where a single pixel of the image is mapped to a single pixel on the image display monitor.3.1.2 Cognizant Radiograph
38、ic Level 3the certified level 3 radiographer holding final technical responsibility for theradiographic facility and staff.3.1.3 Effective Pixel Sizeeffective pixel size is equal to the basic spatial resolution of the detector (SRbdetector).3.1.4 Fast Scan Directionthe fast scan direction refers to
39、the laser scan direction along an image line of the IP. This may alsobe referred to as “laser scan direction.”3.1.5 Material Groupmaterials that have the same predominant alloying elements and which can be examined using the samematerial group IQI. A listing of common material groups is given in Pra
40、ctices E747 and E1025.3.1.6 Pixel Coveragefor the purpose of this practice, the term “pixel coverage” refers to the minimum number of effectivepixels required to cover a feature such as a critical flaw size or the IQI designated hole or essential wire size, whichever is smallest.Geometric magnificat
41、ion may be required to achieve adequate pixel coverage. Additional information on pixel coverage andgeometric magnification can be found in Guide E2736.3.1.7 Slow Scan DirectionSlow scan direction refers to the mechanical transport direction of the IP through the scanner. Thismay also be referred to
42、 as “IP transport direction.”4. Summary of Practice4.1 ApparatusACR examination system can be used for a wide variety of applications.Atypical CR examination system Thispractice covers application details for computed radiography using a system that consists of a radiation source, a storage phosphor
43、imaging plate detector, a plate reader, an electronic imaging system, a digital image processor, a monitor display, a (IP) andcassette, an IP scanner/digitizer, scan parameter settings, a workstation with software, an image display monitor, and a digital4 Available from Aerospace Industries Associat
44、ion of America, Inc., 1250 Eye St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20005.5 Available from Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 3 Barker Ave, White Plains, NY 10601.6 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS
45、.7 Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc., 1250 Eye St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20005.International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISOCentral Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.8 Available from Briti
46、sh Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/.9 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.E2033 173image archiving system, and, if desired, equipment for producing hard copy anal
47、og images. This practice establishes the basicparameters for the application and control of the CR method.system.4.2 SafetyThe premises and equipment shall present no hazards to the safety of personnel or property. NCRP 116 and NCRP147 may be used as guides to ensure that radiographic facilities and
48、 procedures are performed so that personnel shall not receivea radiation dose exceeding the maximum permitted by city, state, or national codes.5. Significance and Use5.1 The X-, gamma-ray detector discussed in this practice is a storage phosphor imaging plate, hereafter referred to as SPIP.The SPIP
49、, which is the key component in the CR process, differentiates CR from other radiologic methods.This practice establishesthe basic parameters for the application and control of the CR examination method. This practice is written so that it can bespecified on the engineering drawing, specification, or contract and must be supplemented by a detailed procedure (see Sectioncontract.6 and Annex A1 and Annex A2).5.2 Weld ExaminationAdditional information on weld examination may be found in Practice E1032, ISO 17636-2,
