1、Designation: E 2044 99 (Reapproved 2006)e1Standard Test Method forSpreading of Liquid Agricultural Spray Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEEditorial changes were made to Section 5 and Section 7 in April 2006.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the visual eval
3、uation of therelative spread radius of liquid spray mixture droplets.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
4、applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 1519 Terminology Relating to Agricultural Tank MixAdjuvants3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 adjuvant, na material added to a tank mix to aid ormodify the action of an agrochemical, or the physical c
5、harac-teristics of the mixture. (See Terminology E 1519.)3.1.2 spreader, na material that increases the area that adroplet of a given volume of spray mixture will cover on atarget. (See Terminology E 1519.)3.1.3 spread radius, nthe radius in millimetres or someother standardized unit, of a substrate
6、 covered by a droplet.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The material(s) to be tested is mixed using the desiredconcentration of each component.4.2 A 20-L droplet of the spray mixture is placed carefullyonto a substrate. Under this substrate is a graph with concentricrings spaced at 1-mm intervals.4.3 Aft
7、er 60 s, the number of rings that the droplet covers,and thus the radius of the droplet, is observed and recorded.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to provide a rapid means ofdetermining the relative ability of a liquid agricultural spraymixture to spread on a test substrate.5.
8、2 This test method was validated using Parafilm M3as atest substrate. It is the users responsibility for determining thevalidity of this test method for alternative test surfaces. Whileit may be generally agreed upon that there is no perfect modelfor the variety of surfaces for which spreading infor
9、mationwould be useful, this test method does not limit users to anyone surface. Further consideration must also be given to thepotential effect that the liquid droplet may have on thechemical composition and morphology of the test surface.While this does not restrict the test method, an understandin
10、gof this potential can help in the interpretation of test data.5.3 This test method will determine the relative spread ofradii of water, fertilizers, oils, and mixtures of these carrierswith surfactants. It is the users responsibility to determine thevalidity of the test method with alternative liqu
11、ids.5.4 This test method will determine the relative spread radiiof droplets over 30 s, 60 s, and 5 min. It is the usersresponsibility to determine the validity of the test method atalternative spreading times.5.5 This test method is appropriate for relative humiditieswithin the range of 40 to 70 %.
12、 It is the users responsibility todetermine the validity of the test method at alternate relativehumidities.5.6 This test method is appropriate for temperatures withinthe range of 18 to 22C. It is the users responsibility todetermine the validity of the test method at alternate tempera-tures.1This t
13、est method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 onPesticides and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E35.22 on Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last pr
14、evious edition approved in 1999 as E 2044 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source
15、 of supply of the apparatus (Parafilm M, registered trademark)known to the committee at this time is American National Can Company, Chicago,IL 60631. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this informationto ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consi
16、d-eration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.7 This test method will determine the relative spread radiifor droplets of 10 and 20 L. It is the u
17、sers responsibility todetermine the validity of the test method at alternate dropletsizes.6. Apparatus6.1 Petri Dishes, to be used inverted to make a flat surfaceon which to apply the intended test substrate. Other flat anduniform surfaces may be used.6.2 Test substrate (Parafilm M).36.3 Stopwatch.6
18、.4 Micropipetter, capable of reproducibly delivering thedesired droplet volume.6.5 Concentric Ring Graph Paper, having rings separatedby 1.0 mm.6.6 Suitable equipment for preparing the spray mixture inthe desired quantities and concentrations.7. Procedure7.1 Precut the concentric ring graph paper so
19、 it does notoverhang the petri dishes. Place the graph paper onto the flatside of the inverted petri dish.NOTE 1Colored paper may be helpful in seeing some droplets undersome lighting conditions.7.2 Use the following standard test conditions:7.2.1 Test SubstrateParafilm M,7.2.2 Temperature18 to 22C,
20、7.2.3 Relative Humidity40to70%,7.2.4 Droplet Volume20 L,7.2.5 Spread Time60 s,7.2.6 Concentrationto be determined by user. Must bereported.7.3 While holding the graph paper in place, carefullyoverlay the Parafilm M substrate onto the petri dish to cover thegraph paper. The surface of the Parafilm M
21、that was protectedby a covering should be used after uncovering. Gently stretchthe Parafilm M over the petri dish and tuck under the bottomrim of the dish. The Parafilm M should be stretched onlysufficiently to ensure that the surface lies flat over the petri dish(see Fig. 1).7.4 Lay the petri dish
22、onto a level surface with the substratefacing up.7.5 Prepare the test mixtures using the desired concentra-tions of each component. Samples should be weighed on abalance capable of weighing to the nearest 61 % of the desiredweight.7.6 Agitate the test mixture with a magnetic stirrer for 10min or unt
23、il the spray mixture is homogenous.NOTE 2Do not allow the test mixture to age over 30 min beforetesting unless specifically studying the effect of solution aging onspreading.7.7 While maintaining agitation, carefully pull a 20-Lsample with the micropipette.7.8 Place the droplet on the substrate alig
24、ning it with thecenter of the concentric rings under the substrate. The dropletshould be placed onto the substrate from a height between 1and 10 mm. The dispenser should not be allowed to touch thesubstrate. The droplet should form at the tip of the dispenser,and then freely drop onto the surface.7.
25、9 Immediately after placing the droplet onto the substrate,start the timer.7.10 After the predetermined length of time, quickly countthe rings that the droplet covers. Record this number as thespread radius, to the nearest12 ring.7.11 If the droplet covers the entire surface or spreadsunevenly on th
26、e surface, repeat the test. If the droplet behavesin this manner again, this test method cannot reliably determinethe spread radius. Spreading unevenly shall be understood as acondition in which there is more than one ring differencebetween any two measurements of the same droplet along twoseparate
27、axes at the same time span.8. Report8.1 Report the spread radius, mm, as given in 7.10.8.2 Report any deviation from the standard ranges given in7.2.8.3 Report the age of the test solution if older than 30 min.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Eight laboratories participated in a collaborative studyto determ
28、ine the precision and bias of this test method. Thisstudy was conducted by sending surfactant and non-surfactantsamples to participating laboratories. The laboratories werealso provided Parafilm M as a test substrate.9.1.1 PrecisionThe standard deviation for the collabora-tive study was determined t
29、o be 0.27 mm.9.1.2 BiasSince there is no known reference value forrelative spread radii, no bias statement could be determined forthis test method.10. Keywords10.1 adjuvant; agriculture; spreader; wettingFIG. 1 Parafilm Folded Under Petri DishE 2044 99 (2006)e12ASTM International takes no position r
30、especting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.Thi
31、s standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Inte
32、rnational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown
33、below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E 2044 99 (2006)e13
