1、Designation: E2044 99 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forSpreading of Liquid Agricultural Spray Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2044; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the visual evaluation of therelative spread radius of liquid spray mixture droplets.1.2 The val
3、ues stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate sa
4、fety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1519 Terminology Relating to Agricultural Tank Mix Ad-juvants3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 adjuvant, na material added to a tank mix to aid ormodify the
5、 action of an agrochemical, or the physical charac-teristics of the mixture. (See Terminology E1519.)3.1.2 spreader, na material that increases the area that adroplet of a given volume of spray mixture will cover on atarget. (See Terminology E1519.)3.1.3 spread radius, nthe radius in millimetres or
6、someother standardized unit, of a substrate covered by a droplet.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The material(s) to be tested is mixed using the desiredconcentration of each component.4.2 A 20-L droplet of the spray mixture is placed carefullyonto a substrate. Under this substrate is a graph with conce
7、ntricrings spaced at 1-mm intervals.4.3 After 60 s, the number of rings that the droplet covers,and thus the radius of the droplet, is observed and recorded.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to provide a rapid means ofdetermining the relative ability of a liquid agricultural sp
8、raymixture to spread on a test substrate.5.2 This test method was validated using Parafilm M3as atest substrate. It is the users responsibility for determining thevalidity of this test method for alternative test surfaces. Whileit may be generally agreed upon that there is no perfect modelfor the va
9、riety of surfaces for which spreading informationwould be useful, this test method does not limit users to anyone surface. Further consideration must also be given to thepotential effect that the liquid droplet may have on thechemical composition and morphology of the test surface.While this does no
10、t restrict the test method, an understandingof this potential can help in the interpretation of test data.5.3 This test method will determine the relative spread ofradii of water, fertilizers, oils, and mixtures of these carrierswith surfactants. It is the users responsibility to determine thevalidi
11、ty of the test method with alternative liquids.5.4 This test method will determine the relative spread radiiof droplets over 30 s, 60 s, and 5 min. It is the usersresponsibility to determine the validity of the test method atalternative spreading times.5.5 This test method is appropriate for relativ
12、e humiditieswithin the range of 40 to 70 %. It is the users responsibility todetermine the validity of the test method at alternate relativehumidities.5.6 This test method is appropriate for temperatures withinthe range of 18 to 22C. It is the users responsibility todetermine the validity of the tes
13、t method at alternate tempera-tures.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeE35 onPesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee E35.22 on Pesticide Formulations and DeliverySystems.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012
14、. Published October 2012. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E2044 99 (2006)1.DOI: 10.1520/E2044-99R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
15、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Parafilm M, registered trademark)known to the committee at this time is American National Can Company, Chicago,IL 60631. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide
16、 this informationto ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consid-eration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.7 This
17、test method will determine the relative spread radiifor droplets of 10 and 20 L. It is the users responsibility todetermine the validity of the test method at alternate dropletsizes.6. Apparatus6.1 Petri Dishes, to be used inverted to make a flat surfaceon which to apply the intended test substrate.
18、 Other flat anduniform surfaces may be used.6.2 Test substrate (Parafilm M).36.3 Stopwatch.6.4 Micropipetter, capable of reproducibly delivering thedesired droplet volume.6.5 Concentric Ring Graph Paper, having rings separatedby 1.0 mm.6.6 Suitable equipment for preparing the spray mixture inthe des
19、ired quantities and concentrations.7. Procedure7.1 Precut the concentric ring graph paper so it does notoverhang the petri dishes. Place the graph paper onto the flatside of the inverted petri dish.NOTE 1Colored paper may be helpful in seeing some droplets undersome lighting conditions.7.2 Use the f
20、ollowing standard test conditions:7.2.1 Test SubstrateParafilm M,7.2.2 Temperature18 to 22C,7.2.3 Relative Humidity40 to 70 %,7.2.4 Droplet Volume20 L,7.2.5 Spread Time60 s,7.2.6 Concentrationto be determined by user. Must bereported.7.3 While holding the graph paper in place, carefullyoverlay the P
21、arafilm M substrate onto the petri dish to cover thegraph paper. The surface of the Parafilm M that was protectedby a covering should be used after uncovering. Gently stretchthe Parafilm M over the petri dish and tuck under the bottomrim of the dish. The Parafilm M should be stretched onlysufficient
22、ly to ensure that the surface lies flat over the petri dish(see Fig. 1).7.4 Lay the petri dish onto a level surface with the substratefacing up.7.5 Prepare the test mixtures using the desired concentra-tions of each component. Samples should be weighed on abalance capable of weighing to the nearest
23、61 % of the desiredweight.7.6 Agitate the test mixture with a magnetic stirrer for 10min or until the spray mixture is homogenous.NOTE 2Do not allow the test mixture to age over 30 min beforetesting unless specifically studying the effect of solution aging onspreading.7.7 While maintaining agitation
24、, carefully pull a 20-Lsample with the micropipette.7.8 Place the droplet on the substrate aligning it with thecenter of the concentric rings under the substrate. The dropletshould be placed onto the substrate from a height between 1and 10 mm. The dispenser should not be allowed to touch thesubstrat
25、e. The droplet should form at the tip of the dispenser,and then freely drop onto the surface.7.9 Immediately after placing the droplet onto the substrate,start the timer.7.10 After the predetermined length of time, quickly countthe rings that the droplet covers. Record this number as thespread radiu
26、s, to the nearest12 ring.7.11 If the droplet covers the entire surface or spreadsunevenly on the surface, repeat the test. If the droplet behavesin this manner again, this test method cannot reliably determinethe spread radius. Spreading unevenly shall be understood as acondition in which there is m
27、ore than one ring differencebetween any two measurements of the same droplet along twoseparate axes at the same time span.8. Report8.1 Report the spread radius, mm, as given in 7.10.8.2 Report any deviation from the standard ranges given in7.2.8.3 Report the age of the test solution if older than 30
28、 min.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Eight laboratories participated in a collaborative studyto determine the precision and bias of this test method. Thisstudy was conducted by sending surfactant and non-surfactantsamples to participating laboratories. The laboratories werealso provided Parafilm M as a tes
29、t substrate.9.1.1 PrecisionThe standard deviation for the collabora-tive study was determined to be 0.27 mm.9.1.2 BiasSince there is no known reference value forrelative spread radii, no bias statement could be determined forthis test method.10. Keywords10.1 adjuvant; agriculture; spreader; wettingF
30、IG. 1 Parafilm Folded Under Petri DishE2044 99 (2012)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent r
31、ights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either f
32、or revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair heari
33、ng you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard m
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