1、Designation: E2058 09 E2058 13 An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forMeasurement of Synthetic Polymer Material FlammabilityUsing a Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2058; the number immediately following the designation indicates th
2、e year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test-response standard determines and qu
3、antifies synthetic polymer material flammability characteristics, related tothe propensity of materials to support fire propagation, by means of a fire propagation apparatus (FPA). Material flammabilitycharacteristics that are quantified include time to ignition (tign), chemical (Qchem), and convect
4、ive (Qc) heat release rates, massloss rate (m) and effective heat of combustion (EHC).1.2 The following test methods, capable of being performed separately and independently, are included herein:1.2.1 Ignition Test, to determine tign for a horizontal specimen;1.2.2 Combustion Test, to determine Qche
5、m,Qc,m, and EHC from burning of a horizontal specimen; and,1.2.3 Fire Propagation Test, to determine Qchem from burning of a vertical specimen.1.3 Distinguishing features of the FPA include tungsten-quartz external, isolated heaters to provide a radiant flux of up to 65110kW/m2 to the test specimen,
6、 which remains constant whether the surface regresses or expands; provision for combustion or upwardfire propagation in prescribed flows of normal air, air enriched with up to 40 % oxygen, air oxygen vitiated, pure nitrogen ormixtures of gaseous suppression agents with the preceding air mixtures; an
7、d, the capability of measuring heat release rates andexhaust product flows generated during upward fire propagation on a vertical test specimen 0.305 m high.1.4 The FPA is used to evaluate the flammability of synthetic polymer materials and products. It is also designed to obtain thetransient respon
8、se of such materials and products to prescribed heat fluxes in specified inert or oxidizing environments and toobtain laboratory measurements of generation rates of fire products (CO2, CO, and, if desired, gaseous hydrocarbons) for use infire safety engineering.1.5 Ignition of the specimen is by mea
9、ns of a pilot flame at a prescribed location with respect to the specimen surface.1.6 The Fire Propagation test of vertical specimens is not suitable for materials that, on heating, melt sufficiently to form a liquidpool.1.7 Values stated are in SI units. Values in parentheses are for information on
10、ly.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products or assemblies under actual f
11、ire conditions.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. F
12、or specific hazard statements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile MethodE1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition and Flame Spread
13、 Properties1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface Burning.Current edition approved April 1, 2009Jan. 1, 2013. Published May 2009January 2013. Originally approved in 2000. Last previou
14、s edition approved in 20062009 asE2058 06.E2058 09. DOI: 10.1520/E2058-09.10.1520/E2058-13.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document
15、Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recomm
16、ends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E1354 Test Meth
17、od for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE1623 Test Method for Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using anIntermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definition
18、s of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fire propagation, nincrease in the exposed surface area of the specimen that is actively involved in flaming combustion.3.3 Symbols:Ad = cross sectional area of test section duct
19、 (m2)cp = specific heat of air at constant pressure (kJ/kg K)Gco = mass flow rate of CO in test section duct (kg/s)Gco2 = mass flow rate of CO2 in test section duct (kg/s)Heff = effective heat of combustion (kJ/kg)K = flow coefficient of averaging Pitot tube duct gas velocity/(2pm/)1/2 (-)Mloss = ul
20、timate change in specimen mass resulting from combustion (kg)m = mass loss rate of test specimen (kg/s)md = mass flow rate of gaseous mixture in test section duct (kg/s)Patm = atmospheric pressure (Pa)pm = pressure differential across averaging Pitot tube in test section duct (Pa)Q = cumulative heat
21、 released during Combustion Test (kJ)Qchem = chemical heat release rate (kW)Qc = convective heat release rate (kW)Ta = gas temperature in test section duct before ignition (K )Td = gas temperature in test section duct (K)t = time (s)tign = ignition time (s)t = time between data scans (s)XCO2 = measu
22、red carbon dioxide analyzer reading or mole fraction of carbon dioxide (-)XCO = measured carbon monoxide analyzer reading or mole fraction of CO (-)3.4 Superscripts: = per unit time (s1)0 = before ignition of the specimen3.5 Subscripts:d = test section ductj = fire product4. Summary of Test Method4.
23、1 Three separate test methods are composed herein, and are used independently in conjunction with a Fire PropagationApparatus. The Ignition and Combustion test methods involve the use of horizontal specimens subjected to a controlled, externalradiant heat flux, which can be set from 0 up to 65110 kW
24、/m2. The Fire Propagation test method involves the use of verticalspecimens subjected to ignition near the base of the specimen from an external radiant heat flux and a pilot flame. Both theCombustion and Fire Propagation test methods can be performed using an inlet air supply that is either normal
25、air or other gaseousmixtures, such as air with added nitrogen or air enriched with up to 40 % oxygen.4.2 The Ignition test method is used to determine the time required for ignition, tign, of horizontal specimens by a pilot flameas a function of the magnitude of a constant, externally applied radian
26、t heat flux. Measurements also are made of time requireduntil initial fuel vaporization. The surface of these specimens is coated with a thin layer of black paint to ensure completeabsorption of the radiant heat flux from the infrared heating system (note that the coating does not itself undergo sus
27、tained flaming).4.3 The Combustion test method is used to determine the chemical and convective heat release rates when the horizontal testspecimen is exposed to an external radiant heat flux.4.4 The Fire Propagation test method is used to determine the chemical heat release rate of a burning, verti
28、cal specimen duringupward fire propagation and burning initiated by a heat flux near the base of the specimen. Chemical heat release rate is derivedfrom the release rates of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Observations also are made of the flame height on the verticalspecimen during fire propaga
29、tion.E2058 1325. Significance and Use5.1 These test methods are an integral part of existing test standards for cable fire propagation and clean room materialflammability, as well as, in an approval standard for conveyor belting (1-3).3 Refs (1-3) use these test methods becausefire-test-response res
30、ults obtained from the test methods correlate with fire behavior during real-scale fire propagation tests, asdiscussed in X1.45.2 The Ignition, Combustion, or Fire Propagation test method, or a combination thereof, have been performed with materialsand products containing a wide range of polymer com
31、positions and structures, as described in X1.7.5.3 The Fire Propagation test method is different from the test methods in the ASTM standards listed in 2.1 by virtue ofproducing laboratory measurements of the chemical heat release rate during upward fire propagation and burning on a vertical testspec
32、imen in normal air, oxygen-enriched air, or in oxygen-vitiated air. Test methods from other standards, for example, TestMethod E1321, which yields measurements during lateral/horizontal or downward flame spread on materials and Test MethodsE906, E1354, and E1623, which yield measurements of the rate
33、 of heat release from materials fully involved in flamingcombustion, generally use an external radiant flux, rather than the flames from the burning material itself, to characterize firebehavior.5.4 These test methods are not intended to be routine quality control tests. They are intended for evalua
34、tion of specificflammability characteristics of materials. Materials to be analyzed consist of specimens from an end-use product or the variouscomponents used in the end-use product. Results from the laboratory procedures provide input to fire propagation and fire growthmodels, risk analysis studies
35、, building and product designs, and materials research and development.6. Apparatus6.1 General:6.1.1 Where dimensions are stated in the text or in figures, they shall be considered mandatory and shall be followed within anominal tolerance of 60.5 %. An exception is the case of components meant to fi
36、t together, where the joint tolerance shall beappropriate for a sliding fit.6.1.2 The apparatus (see overview in Fig. 1 and exploded views in Figs. 2 and 3) shall consist of the following components:an infrared heating system, a load cell system, an ignition pilot flame and timer, a product gas anal
37、ysis system, a combustion airdistribution system, a water-cooled shield, an exhaust system, test section instruments, calibration instruments, and a digital dataacquisition system.6.2 Infrared (IR) Heating SystemThe IR Heating System4 shall consist of four 241-mm long heaters (see different views in
38、Figs. 1-3) and a power controller.6.2.1 IR HeatersEach of four IR heaters shall contain six tungsten filament tubular quartz lamps in a compact reflector bodythat produces up to 510 kW/m2 of radiant flux in front of the quartz window that covers the lamps. The reflector body is watercooled and the l
39、amp chamber, between the quartz window and reflector, is air cooled for prolonged life. The emitter of each lampis a 127-mm long tungsten filament in an argon atmosphere enclosed in a 9.5-mm outer diameter clear quartz tube. The emitteroperates at approximately 2205C (4000F) at rated voltage, with a
40、 spectral energy peak at 1.15 micron. Wavelengths greater thanabout 2-microns are absorbed by the quartz bulb envelope and heater front window, which are air cooled.6.2.2 Power ControllerThe controller shall maintain the output voltage required by the heater array despite variations in loadimpedance
41、 through the use of phase angle power control to match the hot/cold resistance characteristics of the tungsten/quartzlamps. The controller also shall incorporate average voltage feedback to linearize the relationship between the voltage set by theoperator and the output voltage to the lamps.6.3 Load
42、 Cell SystemThe load cell system, shown in Figs. 1-3, shall consist of a load cell, which shall have an accuracy of0.1 g, and a measuring range of 01000 g; a 6.35-mm diameter stainless steel shaft, at least 330 mm long, resting on the load cellsupport point; a 100-mm diameter, 1.5-mm thick aluminum
43、load platform connected to the upper end of the stainless steel shaftby a collar; and two low friction, ball-bushing bearings that guide the shaft as it passes through the top and bottom, respectively,of the air distribution chamber. The stainless steel shaft shall incorporate, at the lower end, a t
44、hreaded adjustment rod to compensatefor horizontal test specimens of different thicknesses.6.4 Ignition Pilot FlameThe ignition pilot shall consist of an ethylene/air (60/40 by volume) flame adjusted for a 10-mmlength. The pilot flame is anchored at the 50-mm long, horizontal end of a 6.35-mm O.D.,
45、4.70-mm I.D. stainless steel tube. Inthe horizontal tube section, use a four-hole ceramic insert to produce a stable flame and prevent flashback. The pilot flame tubeshall be able to be rotated and elevated to position the horizontal flame at specified locations near the specimen, as shown in Figs.2
46、 and 3.3 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.4 The Model 5208-05 high density infrared heater with Model 500T3/CL/HT lamps and Model 664 SCR power controller; or Hi-Temp 5209-05 with QIH240-1000R12lamps and Model 3629C power controller, man
47、ufactured by Research, Inc., P.O. Box 24064, Minneapolis, MN 55424 is suitable for this purpose.The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Research, Inc. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this informationto ASTM International Headquarter
48、s. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.E2058 133FIG. 1 Main ViewE2058 134FIG. 2 Exploded View of Specimen MountingE2058 135NOTE 1All dimensions are in mm unless noted.FIG. 3 Exploded Main ViewE20581366.5 Ignition
49、 TimerThe device for measuring time to sustained flaming shall be capable of recording elapsed time to the nearesttenth of 1 s and have an accuracy of better than 1 s in 1 h.6.6 Gas Analysis SystemThe gas analysis system shall consist of a gas sampling system and gas analysis instruments,described in 6.6.1-6.6.46.6.1 Gas SamplingThe gas sampling arrangement is shown in Fig. 4. This arrangement consists of a sampling probe in thetest section duct, a plastic filter (5-micron pore size) to prevent entry of soot, a condenser operating at te
