1、Designation: E2102 15E2102 17 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forMeasurement of Mass Loss and Ignitability for ScreeningPurposes Using a Conical Radiant Heater1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2102; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe screening fire-test-response method described in
3、 this standard uses a radiant energy sourcesimilar to that used in the cone calorimeter, Test Method E1354. However, the test method apparatusis much simpler, because it excludes measurements of oxygen consumption or of smoke obscuration,which are incorporated into the cone calorimeter to measure he
4、at and smoke release. A fire-test-response standard describes a test method from which one or more fire-test-response characteristicscan be measured, as a result of exposure to a prescribed source of heat or flame, under controlledconditions. There are many occasions, typically for initial research
5、and development, when there is aneed for screening samples of materials, products, or assemblies, using a simple test. This allows theuser to verify whether certain fire-test-response characteristics of the sample fall within the expectedmargins. Screening tests, as related to fire, are described in
6、 fire terminology as fire-response testsperformed to determine whether a material, product, or assembly (a) exhibits any unusual fire-relatedcharacteristics, (b) has certain expected fire-related characteristics, or (c) is capable of beingpreliminarily categorized according to the fire characteristi
7、c in question. Screening tests addressingfire properties should be chosen so that the energy input (as heat or flame) is representative of that inthe fire test method for which screening is desired.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides a means of measuring mass loss and ignita
8、bility, for screening purposes, fromessentially planar materials, products, or assemblies (including surface finishes), exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating,with or without an external ignitor. This test method is intended for screening purposes only.1.2 The principal fire-test-response c
9、haracteristics obtained from this test method are those associated with mass loss from thespecimens tested, as a function of time. Time to sustained flaming is also determined. Heat release is, optionally, determined usingthermopile measurements detailed in Annex A2.1.2.1 The fire-test-response char
10、acteristics obtained from this test are best used for comparisons between materials with somesimilarities in composition or structure.1.3 The relationship between mass loss and heat release depends on the material, product, or assembly tested, and no universalformula exists for calculation of heat r
11、elease using mass loss measurements (see also additional limitations in 5.7).1.4 The fire-test-response characteristics obtained from this test method are also obtainable with the apparatus used in TestMethod E1354 (the cone calorimeter) or in an applications standards of that equipment (see also 5.
12、4). The referenced test methodspermit measurements of added fire-test-response characteristics.1.5 The fire-test-response characteristics obtained by this test method are specific to the specimen tested, in the form andthickness tested, and are not an inherent property of the material, product, or a
13、ssembly.1.6 This fire-test-response method does not provide information on the fire performance of the test specimens under fireconditions other than those conditions specified in this test method. For additional limitations of this test method, see 5.7.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction o
14、fASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and CombustionProducts.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015July 1, 2017. Published November 2015August 2017. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asE2102 - 14.E2
15、102 - 15. DOI: 10.1520/E2102-15.10.1520/E2102-17.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurat
16、ely, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
17、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.7 Use the SI system of units in referee decisions; see IEEE/ASTM SI-10. The units given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to h
18、eat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property sha
19、ll be employed in conducting thesetests. See also Section 7.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicab
20、ility of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the Worl
21、d Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5537 Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread, Smoke Obscuration, and Mass Loss Testing of Insulating MaterialsContained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cab
22、le Tray ConfigurationD6113 Test Method for Using a Cone Calorimeter to Determine Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Insulating MaterialsContained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE535 Practice for Preparation of Fire-Test-Response StandardsE603 Guide for Room
23、 Fire ExperimentsE638 Test Method for Calibration of Heat Transfer Rate Calorimeters Using a Narrow-Angle Blackbody Radiation Facility(Withdrawn 2001)3E906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile MethodE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible
24、Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate of Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components or CompositesUsing a Bench Scale Oxygen Consumption CalorimeterE1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholster
25、ed FurnitureE1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of MattressesE1623 Test Method for Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using anIntermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)E1740 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rate and Other Fire-Test-Response Charact
26、eristics of Wall Covering orCeiling Covering Composites Using a Cone CalorimeterE1822 Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked ChairsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI) The Modernized Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 3261 Fire TestsVocabularyISO 5657 Fire TestsReaction to FireIgnita
27、bility of Building ProductsISO 5660-1 Fire TestsReaction to FireRate of Heat Release from Building Products (Cone calorimeter method)ISO 9705 Fire TestsFull Scale Room Test for Surface ProductsISO 13943 Fire Safety Vocabulary2.3 British Standards:5BS 476, Part 15, Fire Tests Reaction to FireRate of
28、Heat Release from Building Products (Cone calorimeter method)BS 6809 Method of Calibration of Radiometers for Use in Fire Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test method refer to the terminology contained in Terminology E176, ISO3261 and ISO 13943. In case of
29、conflict, the definitions given in Terminology E176 shall prevail.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM web
30、site.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from International Standardization Organization, P.O. Box 56, CH-1211; Geneva 20, Switzerland orAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rdSt., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.5 Availabl
31、e from British Standards Institution, PO Box 4033, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes, MK 14 6LE, United KingdomE2102 1723.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 assembly, na unit or structure composed of a combination of materials or products, or both.3.2.2 continuous (as related to data a
32、cquisition),adjconducted at data collection intervals of 5 s or less.3.2.3 critical heat flux for ignition, nthe midpoint within the range of heat fluxes between the maximum (highest) heat fluxthat produces no ignition and the minimum (lowest) heat flux that produces ignition, for a specified exposu
33、re time.3.2.4 essentially flat surface, nsurface where the irregularity from a plane does not exceed 61 mm.3.2.5 exposed surface, nthat surface of the specimen subjected to the incident heat.3.2.6 flashing, nexistence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of less than 1 s.3.2.7
34、 irradiance (at a point of a surface),nratio of the radiant flux incident on a small but measurable element of surfacecontaining the point, by the area of that element.3.2.7.1 DiscussionConvective heating is negligible in the horizontal specimen orientation. In the vertical orientation, it is small,
35、 but not negligible.Despite this contribution from convective heating, the term “irradiance” is used instead of “heat flux” throughout this test methodas it best indicates the essentially radiative mode of heat transfer.3.2.8 material, nsingle substance, or uniformly dispersed mixture, for example m
36、etal, stone, timber, concrete, mineral fiber,or polymer.3.2.9 orientation, nthe plane in which the exposed face of the specimen is located during testing.3.2.9.1 DiscussionFor this standard, the specimen orientation may only be either vertical or horizontal.3.2.10 sample, nan amount of the material,
37、 product, or assembly, to be tested, which is representative of the item as a whole.3.2.11 specimen, nrepresentative piece of the product which is to be tested together with any substrate or treatment.3.2.11.1 DiscussionThis may include an air gap.3.2.12 sustained flaming, nthe existence of flame on
38、 or over the surface of the specimen for a period of 4 s or more.3.2.13 time to ignition, ntime between the start of the test and the presence of a flame on or over most of the specimen surfacefor a period of at least 4 s.3.2.14 time to sustained flaming, ntime to ignition.3.2.15 transitory flaming,
39、 nthe existence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of between 1 and 4 s.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method employs a conically-shaped electrically-heated radiant-energy source, positioned so as to produce anirradiance level of up to 100 kW/m2, averaged over the ce
40、nter of the exposed surface of an essentially planar specimen.An externalspark ignitor is available, if required. This test method is used to determine continuously the mass lost during the combustionprocess, using a load cell, for screening purposes. Ignitability is also assessed by the test method
41、.4.1.1 Optionally, the test method is capable of obtaining an estimate of the heat released by the specimen during the burningprocess, using a thermopile housed above the burning specimen (See Annex A2). Determinations of heat release using a similarradiant-energy source and oxygen consumption calor
42、imetry, are made with the cone calorimeter, Test Method E1354.4.2 The specimen is essentially planar, 100 mm by 100 mm (3.9 by 3.9 in.) in size, at a thickness not exceeding 25 mm (1 in.)and is mounted within a holder.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means for screening materia
43、ls, products, or assemblies, for the mass loss, and ignitability theyexhibit under specified heat flux exposure conditions. As an option, the test method is also suitable for screening for the heatreleased, by using a thermopile method (See Annex A2).5.1.1 Terminology E176, on fire standards, states
44、 that fire-test-response characteristics include ease of ignition and mass loss(both measured in this test method), as well as flame spread, smoke generation, fire endurance, and toxic potency of smoke.E2102 1735.1.2 The mass loss rate of a material, product, or assembly is a fire-test-response char
45、acteristic that gives an indication of itsburning rate. Thus, a lower mass loss rate is often associated with slower burning. Note, however, that mass loss is not always aresult of combustion, and that this method does not assess release of smoke or combustion products.5.1.3 The time to ignition of
46、a material, product, or assembly is a fire-test-response characteristic that gives an indication of itspropensity to ignite at the applied heat flux level and subsequently to release heat and spread flame over its surface. Thus, a longertime to ignition is an indication of a lower propensity for the
47、 material, product, or assembly to become involved and contributeto fire spread or growth; however this method does not assess the smoke or combustion products released.5.1.4 The apparatus used for this test method is suitable to assess the critical heat flux for ignition of the materials, products,
48、or assemblies tested, by assessing ignitability at various heat fluxes (see Appendix X3 for guidance).5.2 Values determined by this test are specific to the specimen in the form and thickness tested and are not inherent fundamentalproperties of the material, product, or assembly tested. Thus, closel
49、y repeatable or reproducible experimental results are not to beexpected from this test method when tests are conducted for a given material, product, or assembly, while introducing variationsin properties such as specimen thickness or density.5.3 No incident irradiance is specified in this test method. The instrument is capable of generating irradiances ranging up to 100kW/m2. The choice of irradiance is a function of the application of the material, product, or assembly to be tested, and of the firescenario the user is investigating. However, the method
