1、Designation: E2140 01 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forWater Penetration of Metal Roof Panel Systems by StaticWater Pressure Head1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This laboratory test method covers the determination ofthe resistance to water penetration o
3、f exterior metal roof panelsystem sideseams, endlaps, and roof plane penetrations when aspecified static water pressure head is applied to the outsideface of the roof panel.NOTE 1This test method is intended to evaluate water-barrier (notwater-shedding) roof system joints and details. These systems
4、are alsoreferred to as hydrostatic roof systems.1.2 This test method is limited to specimens in which thesideseams and attachments are clearly visible and in which thesource of leakage is readily observable.1.3 This test method excludes performance at roof perimeterconditions.1.4 This test method is
5、 suitable for evaluating leakage atroof plane penetrations such as fasteners, curbs, pipes, andexpansion joints under a static water pressure head.1.5 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledgeof the principles of water pressure.1.6 The text of this standard includes notes and footnotes
6、excluding tables and figures, which provide explanatory mate-rial. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered asrequirements of the standard.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that ar
7、e provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applic
8、a-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements, see Section 7.1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internation
9、al Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE1646 Test Method for Water Penetration of Exterior MetalRoof Panel Systems by Uniform Stat
10、ic Air PressureDifference3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms relating tobuilding construction used in this method, see TerminologyE631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 composite roof systemsroof systems consisting of anexterior metal skin and other c
11、omponents. Factory assembledcomposite panels consist of an exterior metal skin, insulation,and interior metal skin. Field assembled composite systemsconsist of exterior metal skins, underlayment, and a structuralroof deck.3.2.2 panel endlapthe connection between two in-linemetal panels across the wi
12、dth of the panels.3.2.3 panel sideseamthe connection between two adjacentmetal panels along the length of the panels.3.2.4 specimenthe entire assembled unit submitted for testas described in Section 8.3.2.5 water leakagepenetration of water through the planeof the innermost face of the test specimen
13、 during the testperiod.3.2.6 water pressure headthe distance from the surface ofthe water to the lowest point or cell of the metal panelspecimen, measured at the locations shown in Fig. 1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildingsand is the direct re
14、sponsibility of Subcommittee E06.57 onPerformance of Metal Roof Systems.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2140-01(2009). DOI:10.1520/E2140-01R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.
15、astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis int
16、ernational standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) C
17、ommittee.14. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test consists of sealing and fixing a test specimen toa horizontal support frame, locating vertical water dams aroundthe perimeter of the test specimen, applying a specified staticwater head to the outside face of the test specimen andobserving for water le
18、akage on the underside of the testspecimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determiningwater leakage through metal roof panel system sideseams,endlaps, and roof plane penetrations when the roof system issubjected to a specified static water pressure head.NOTE 2
19、In applying the results of tests by this method, note that theperformance of a roof or its components or both, is in part a function ofproper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will alsodepend on the integrity of the supporting construction, roof slope, and onthe resistance of
20、components to deterioration by various causes: corrosiveatmosphere, aging, ice, vibration, thermal cycling, etc. It is difficult tosimulate the identical complex wetting, aging, and other variable condi-tions that can be encountered in service, including wind-blown pondedwater; the effects of temper
21、ature and age on sealant performance;differential pressure across the joints due to wind, snow, and iceaccumulation; densification and migration; and abrasions within the jointcomponents which may occur during thermal cycling and other weatherevents. Some joint conditions are more sensitive than oth
22、ers to thesefactors.5.2 This test method will evaluate the resistance of roofpanels, sideseams, endlaps, and roof plane penetrations towater submersion. It will not evaluate panel resistance to winddriven rain.NOTE 3See Test Method E1646 for a test which evaluates resistanceto wind driven rain.5.3 T
23、his test method is not a structural adequacy test.5.4 This test method is applicable to single skin metalpanels, the exterior skin of factory assembled compositepanels, and the exterior skin of field assembled compositesystems as long as means can be provided to distinguishleakage through the exteri
24、or panel sideseams/endlaps andperimeter leakage.6. Apparatus6.1 This description of apparatus is general in nature andany arrangement of equipment capable of performing the testprocedure within the allowable tolerances is permitted.NOTE 4One such alternate test apparatus arrangement consists ofperim
25、eter seals erected on top of the test specimen.6.2 Test Chamber(See Figs. 1 and 2). A well-sealedchamber or box with either an opening, a removable mountingpanel or one open face in which or against which the specimenis installed and sealed. The test chamber shall be maintained ina horizontal positi
26、on.6.2.1 The test chamber shall be provided with a horizontalperimeter support ledge to which test specimens may beattached and sealed.6.2.2 The test specimen shall be anchored to the testchamber perimeter to adequately resist imposed test loadswithout leakage or failure.6.2.3 The test chamber shall
27、 be provided with a verticalwater dam around the perimeter of the chamber. Water damshall be well sealed and of sufficient height to maintain therequired water pressure head.6.2.4 A means of viewing all areas under the roof panelspecimen shall be provided to facilitate observations for waterFIG. 1 P
28、lan of Typical Three-Span Test Specimen Mounted in ChamberE2140 01 (2017)2leakage. It is important to isolate perimeter leakage fromleakage in areas under evaluation. For factory assembledcomponents, this may be accomplished by omitting any sealantfrom joints of the interior metal skin.6.3 Water Pre
29、ssure Head Measurement DeviceA cali-brated scale capable of measuring the water pressure headwithin a tolerance of 60.1 in. (3 mm).6.3.1 Four water pressure head measurement devices shallbe used, and shall be located as shown in Fig. 1. Each deviceshall be located directly over a perimeter support l
30、edge, and notmore than 1.0 in. (25 mm) from the base of the sidelap.7. Safety Precautions7.1 Adequate precautions shall be taken to protect personnelfrom test chamber or test specimen failure during loading.8. Test Specimens8.1 Roof test specimens shall be of sufficient size todetermine the performa
31、nce of all typical parts of the roofsystem.8.2 For roofs constructed with prefabricated or preformedunits or panels, the specimen width shall not be less than threetypical units plus supporting elements at each side.8.3 The specimen shall include at least four sideseams andat least two panel endlaps
32、 in adjacent panels in accordance withmanufacturers standard details. The center line of the panelsideseams must be at least 6 in. (150 mm) from the perimeterof the test assembly as shown in Fig. 1.8.4 The test specimen shall be installed as a multiple-spancondition, unless the panel is used only in
33、 single-span appli-cations. If two spans are used, they shall be unequal, with theshorter being 75 % of the longer. If three or more spans areused, they shall be equal in length. One span of the testspecimen shall not be less than the maximum span to be usedin a roof application.8.5 All parts of the
34、 roof test specimen shall be full size,using the same materials, details, seals, and methods ofconstruction and anchorage in accordance with manufacturersstandard written or illustrated instructions, or both. Specimenattachments and seals at test chamber perimeters are exemptfrom this requirement. C
35、omposite systems tested shall utilize asubstrate of the same stiffness to be used in the field assembly.8.6 The specimen perimeter shall be well sealed and struc-turally attached to the test apparatus perimeter to isolateleakage through the test specimen from leakage through theperimeter. For compos
36、ite roof systems, remove internal orsecondary seals and disrupt all possible channels that maycarry leakage to the perimeter of the test specimen. Thesubstrate of field assembled composite roof systems shall bemade discontinuous so that any leakage through the externalskin is readily identified as s
37、uch.8.7 Structural panel supports shall be the same size andshape as specified in manufacturers standard written or illus-trated instructions, or both. Structural supports shall be de-signed to support test loads.8.8 Roof insulation shall not be included unless it is anintegral part of the roof pane
38、l system.9. Procedure9.1 Remove any sealing material or construction that is notnormally a part of the typical panel assembly.NOTE 5When full length brake-forming is available, the test panels atthe side rails can be bent upward to form effective side seals.NOTE 6Non hardening mastic compounds or pr
39、essure sensitive tapescan be used effectively to seal the test panel assembly to test chamber.NOTE 7The perimeter seals between test panel specimen and testchamber do not have to duplicate actual building perimeter details.9.2 Load the test specimen to approximately 3 in. (75 mm)of water pressure he
40、ad. Maintain water level for a minimum of5 min.NOTE 8The use of room-temperature water is recommended to avoidcondensation which may interfere with the observations of water leakage.9.2.1 Examine perimeter seals and repair as necessary.Restore water pressure head to approximately 3 in. (75 mm) ifreq
41、uired and maintain for a minimum of 5 min.NOTE 9A small amount of perimeter seal leakage is permittedprovided that it does not impede the determination of water leakage on theinside face of the roof panel specimen.9.3 Increase the water pressure head to 6 in. (150 mm).9.3.1 Maintain the 6 in. (150 m
42、m) 60.2 in. (5 mm) waterpressure head for a period of 6 h.9.3.2 Record the water pressure head and observe for waterleakage on the inside face of the roof panel specimen 1 h afterFIG. 2 Section Through Typical Test Specimen Mounted in ChamberE2140 01 (2017)3the start of the test, 3 h after the start
43、 of the test, andimmediately prior to test termination.9.3.3 The test procedure shall be terminated after6horupon observation of water leakage on the inside face of the roofpanel specimen.9.4 Remove all water from test specimen area. Observe andrecord condition of panels, panel endlaps, and panel si
44、deseams.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Date of test and date of test report.10.1.2 Title of test, author of test report, and test sponsor.10.1.3 Identification of the test specimen (manufacturer,source of supply, dimensions, model, type, materials, and otherpertinent informat
45、ion).10.1.4 Detailed drawings of the test specimen that provide adescription of the physical characteristics including dimen-sional section profiles, framing location, panel arrangement,installation and spacing of anchorage and clips, accessories,sealants, and any other pertinent construction detail
46、s.10.1.5 Record the sealant type, geometry, and location.Record the panel fastener type and locations. Record the panelendlap and sideseam locations, construction, seals, and attach-ment methods.10.1.6 A statement that the specimen resisted the requiredwater pressure head without observed water leak
47、age, or astatement describing observed water leakage (if any).10.1.7 A statement that the test or tests were conducted inaccordance with this method or a complete description of anydeviations from this method.11. Precision and Bias11.1 This test is a pass/fail test and therefore no precisionand bias
48、 statement can be developed.12. Keywords12.1 endlap; metal panel; roof; roof panel; sideseam; staticwater pressure; water; water leakage; water penetrationASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.
49、 Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at
