1、Designation: E2150 09Standard Classification forLife-Cycle Environmental Work ElementsEnvironmentalCost Element Structure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2150; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard establishes a classification of the compre-hensive hierarchical list of elements for life-cycl
3、e environmen-tal work. The classification is based on the InteragencyEnvironmental Cost Element Structure (ECES).2Elements, asdefined here, are major components common to environmentalprojects. The elements represent the life-cycle activities forenvironmental projects regardless of the project desig
4、n speci-fication, construction method, technology type, or materialsused. The classification serves as a consistent reference for costestimating, analysis, and monitoring during the various phasesof the project life cycle. Using ECES ensures consistency, overtime and from project to project, in the
5、cost management andperformance measurement of environmental projects. It alsoenhances reporting at all phases of a project, from assessmentand studies through design, construction, operations and main-tenance (O communicatingproject data between installations or agencies and industry;cost and schedu
6、le estimating; historical cost and schedule datacollection; historical project data collection for technologydeployments and project conditions; validating and calibratingcost estimates and software tools; and establishing and dis-seminating best practices and lessons learned.4.6 The hierarchical na
7、ture of the classification allows forcollecting data using more detailed lower level elements or forsummarizing data at higher levels.4.7 ECES, as described in this classification, is beingincluded in the Remedial Action Cost Estimating Requirement(RACER)5system and the Environmental Cost Analysis S
8、ys-tem (ECAS).6RACER is used for estimating cost and ECAS isused to collect, maintain, and analyze the cost of completedprojects. Federal agencies performing environmental workintend to incorporate the ECES.5. Basis of Classification5.1 In environmental management work, the life cycle of theproject
9、is represented by six different regulatory phases. Withminor variations in the definitions, these life-cycle phasesapply to most or all environmental projects including environ-mental restoration, waste management, decontamination anddecommissioning, ordnance and explosive retrievals, under-ground s
10、torage tanks (USTs), and aboveground storage tanks(ASTs). In addition to the six regulatory life-cycle phases, aCross Cut cost category was added to address costs notattributable to a particular phase or to a specific project. Fig. 1shows the life-cycle nature of environmental phases. As can beseen
11、from Fig. 1, the phases may not be linear and theirsequencing may be iterative since results from one phase mayrequire the execution of earlier phases again, to meet theregulatory requirement. Additional information on each of thesix Level 1 phases is provided in Fig. X1.1 of Appendix X1.The six reg
12、ulatory life-cycle phases are Phase 1 (Assessment),Phase 2 (Studies), Phase 3 (Design), Phase 4 (Construction),Phase 5 (Operations and Maintenance), and Phase 6 (Surveil-lance and Long-Term Monitoring). Cross Cut covers all phasesof the lifecycle.5.2 Whereas Level 1 depicts the life-cycle phases or
13、time-frame of environmental work, Level 2 of the classificationrepresents the major work elements that need to be performedin an environmental project. There are thirty-four major workelements included in Level 2 of the classification. In addition,there is an “Other,” element available for those uni
14、que orspecial tasks that cannot be described closely by availableelements. “Other” elements are designated by .9x numberingsystem. For the purposes of this standard, only two levels arediscussed, but more detailed levels are available. Fig. 2illustrates a sample Level 2 for the Construction phase. F
15、ig. 3represents a matrix of the Level 1 elements and how they applyto each of the Level 2 categories. Phases 16 are listed by theirphase number. The cross cut category is listed as “X.”5.3 As seen from Fig. 3, the columns on the left-hand sidehave been reserved for Level 1 life-cycle phases. The num
16、bersin these columns provide a general guidance on the applica-bility of that phase to the Level 2 major work elements that areshown in the two columns under the Major Work Elementsheading. For example, the Level 2 element, Preparation ofPlans, is marked with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in theleft-
17、hand columns. This means that this element can be appliedor conducted during Phases 16. If any of the numbered rowsunder the column entitled Cross Cut is marked with letter “X,”then that element is cross-cutting and the costs apply to morethan one phase. The numbers are not necessarily all inclusive
18、or definitive. There may be cases where an element may beapplicable to a phase that is not marked or may be marked andnot applicable for that specific project. This structure isflexible, and the user can use other phases even though they arenot marked in the columns.5.4 Positioned between the Cross
19、Cut column and Level 2 isthe Sub-Project Identifier that uses the alphabetical designa-tions from a to z. The purpose of the Sub-Project Identifier isto allow users to differentiate between similar tasks that havethe same designation number. For example, there may be twodifferent Disposal Facility/P
20、rocess, 4.13 (Level 1Phase 4and Level 2element .13) to be constructed. To distinguishthe first facility from the second, the letters “a” and “b” (that is,“4.a .13” and “4.b .13”) could be used to designate the first andsecond facility respectively. The use of the Sub-Project Iden-tifier is not typic
21、al in many environmental projects, but it isincluded to provide flexibility to the structure.6. Description of Environmental Cost Elements6.1 The following describes the Level 1 phases. Thesedescriptions outline what elements are generally included and,as appropriate, provide guidelines on what is n
22、ot included.Generic definitions of the phases are included as are more5RACER is a parametric cost estimating tool for environmental projects.6ECAS is being developed by U.S. Department of Energy to capture cost ofcompleted environmental projects. Please contact Bryan Skokan at 301-903-7612for more i
23、nformation.FIG. 2 Hierarchical Organization of ECES Classification StandardE2150 093FIG. 3 Level 1 and Level 2 Classification MatrixE2150 094specific application of the life-cycle phases to various types ofenvironmental projects. Additional information on each of thesix Level 1 phases is provided in
24、 Fig. X1.1 of Appendix X1.6.1.1 Below is a generic definition of Level 1 phases.6.1.1.1 Phase 1: AssessmentAssess and inspect site andprepare site inspection reports.6.1.1.2 Phase 2: StudiesRisk assessment, characterizationand investigations, development and analysis of treatment orremediation optio
25、ns, and treatability studies.6.1.1.3 Phase 3: DesignEngineering design and pre-construction activities of treatment or remediation alternatives.6.1.1.4 Phase 4: ConstructionConstruction of selectedtreatment or remediation alternatives. Includes start-up, butexcludes operations.6.1.1.5 Phase 5: Opera
26、tions and MaintenanceIncludes alloperations and maintenance, after startup and testing, for theselected treatment or remediation alternatives. Examples ofO therefore, it is not part of atreatment train and does not require hazardous material han-dling or transportation.6.2.22 (.22) Ex Situ Biologica
27、l Treatment:6.2.22.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurementof treatment equipment (the equipment can be acquired for oneproject or can be used on multiple projects or subprojects andcan be either portable or stationary), and installation ofbiological treatment systems. Biological treatment is
28、the mi-crobial transformation of organic compounds. Biological treat-ment processes can alter inorganic compounds such as ammo-nia and nitrate, and can change the oxidation state of certainmetal compounds. Examples of ex situ biological treatmentsinclude activated sludge, composting, trickling filte
29、rs, anaero-bic digestion, and aerobic digestion.6.2.22.2 Phase 5This element includes the O therefore, it is not part ofa treatment train and does not require hazardous materialhandling or transportation.6.2.24 (.24) Ex Situ Chemical Treatment:6.2.24.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurementof
30、treatment equipment (the equipment can be acquired for oneproject or can be used on multiple projects or subprojects andcan be either portable or stationary), and installation ofchemical treatment systems. Chemical treatment is the processin which hazardous wastes are chemically changed to removetox
31、ic contaminants from the environment. The types of ex situtreatments include oxidation/reduction, solvent extraction,chlorination, ozonation, ion exchange, neutralization, hydroly-sis, photolysis, dechlorination, electrolysis reactions, and othertechnologies.6.2.24.2 Phase 5This element includes the
32、 O therefore, it is not part of a treatment train anddoes not require hazardous material handling or transportation.6.2.25.3 Phase 6With some in situ physical treatmentmethods such as coating, this element includes the regularapplication of paints, adhesive substances, or bonding sub-stances on stru
33、ctures or equipment to contain the contaminantsor to reduce exposure to contaminants as part of the operationand maintenance or long-term monitoring activity.6.2.26 (.26) Ex Situ Physical Treatment:6.2.26.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurementof treatment equipment (the equipment can be acqu
34、ired for oneproject or can be used on multiple projects or subprojects andcan be either portable or stationary), and installation ofphysical treatment systems. Physical treatment is the physicalseparation of contaminants from solid, liquid, or gaseous wastestreams. Physical treatments generally do n
35、ot result in totaldestruction or separation of the contaminants in the wastestream, consequently post-treatment is often required. Ex situphysical treatments include filtration, sedimentation, floccula-tion, precipitation, equalization, evaporation, stripping, soilwashing, and carbon adsorption. Cos
36、t includes process equip-ment, labor, and material associated with the construction orinstallation of the treatment unit.6.2.26.2 Phase 5This element includes the O therefore, it is not part of atreatment train and does not require hazardous material han-dling or transportation.6.2.28 (.28) Ex Situ
37、Thermal Treatment:6.2.28.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurementof treatment equipment (the equipment can be acquired for onespecific project or can be used on multiple projects or sub-projects and can be either portable or stationary), and installa-tion of thermal treatment systems. Thermal
38、treatment is thedestruction of wastes through exposure to high temperature incombustion chambers and energy recovery devices. Ex situthermal treatments include several processes capable of incin-erating a wide range of liquid and solid wastes such as fluidizedbed, rotary kiln, multiple hearth, infra
39、red, circulating bed,liquid injection, pyrolysis, plasma torch, wet air oxidation,supercritical water oxidation, molten salt destruction, and solardetoxification.6.2.28.2 Phase 5This element includes the Otherefore, it is not part of a treatment train and does not requirehazardous material handling
40、or transportation.6.2.30 (.30) Ex Situ Stabilization/Fixation/Encapsulation:6.2.30.1 Phase 4This element includes the procurementof treatment equipment (the equipment can be acquired for oneproject or can be used on multiple projects or subprojects andcan be either portable or stationary), and insta
41、llation ofstabilization/fixation/encapsulation treatment systems.Stabilization/fixation/encapsulation processes attempt to im-prove the handling and physical characteristics of the wastes,decrease the surface area, limit the solubility of any pollutantsand detoxify contained pollutants. Ex situ trea
42、tments includeinorganic/asphalt-based encapsulation, sludge stabilization,vitrification, and other technologies.6.2.30.2 Phase 5This element includes the O characterization; code of accounts; cost ele-ments; cost estimation; decommissioning; decontamination;ECES; environmental cost structure; enviro
43、nmental manage-ment; environmental restoration; HTRW WBS; life-cyclecosts; life-cycle phases; operations and maintenance; phases;program management; project management; RCRA; remedia-tion; site investigation; standard classification; surveillance andlong-term monitoring; waste management; work break
44、downstructureAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DESCRIPTION OF LEVEL 1 PHASESX1.1 The matrix below (Fig. X1.1) provides a descriptionof each of the Level 1 phase cost elements. It shows whoparticipates, gives an idea of when each phase begins and ends,lists general activities, and breaks down t
45、ypical expenditures.E2150 0911FIG. X1.1 Description of Level 1 PhasesE2150 0912X2. DESCRIPTION OF ADJUNCTX2.1 ASTM Standard E2150 09, Standard Classificationfor Life-Cycle Environmental Work ElementsEnvironmentalCost Element Structure, establishes the first two levels of thecost structure. In many c
46、ases, users may require more details ofenvironmental costs than are contained in the Standard. ThisAdjunct provides more detailed elements and definitions of theEnvironmental Cost Element Structure (ECES) atLevels 3, 4, and 5 that are needed to support the Standard.X2.2 TheAdjunct includes a table w
47、ith all five levels of theECES structure. The descriptions, however, focus on thedetailed elements of work established at Levels 3, 4, and 5.The descriptions indicate what items are included, and asappropriate, not included for the element and refer to thoseelements that are more applicable when per
48、forming environ-mental management work. Each detailed element also includesthe phase number, a list of subordinate elements, supplementalnotes as required, and units of measure (UOM). For thoseprograms, projects, or organizations that have a need for amore detailed breakdown of cost elements than is
49、 available inthis Adjunct, it is recommended that the detailed breakdownsummarize at least to the level provided in the Adjunct.FIG. X1.1 Description of Level 1 Phases (continued)E2150 0913ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at
