1、Designation: E 2213 03Standard Specification forTelecommunications and Information Exchange BetweenRoadside and Vehicle Systems 5 GHz Band DedicatedShort Range Communications (DSRC) Medium AccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation
2、 E 2213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or re
3、approval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2describes a medium access control(MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specification for wirelessconnectivity using dedicated short-range communications(DSRC) services. This standard is based on and refers to IEEEStandards 802.11, Wireless LAN Medium Access Control a
4、ndPhysical Layer Specifications, and 802.11a, Wireless LANMedium Access Control and Physical Layer SpecificationsHigh-Speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz Band, with permis-sion from the IEEE society. This specification is meant to be anextension of IEEE 802.11 technology into the high-speedvehicle env
5、ironment. As presented here, this specificationcontains just enough information to explain the differencebetween IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.11a operating parametersrequired to implement a mostly high-speed data transferservice in the 5.9-GHz Intelligent Transportation SystemsRadio Service (ITS-RS) Ban
6、d. Potential operations within theUnlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) Bandare also addressed, as appropriate.1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this specification is to providewireless communications over short distances between infor-mation sources and transactions stations on the roadside
7、 andmobile radio units, between mobile units, and between portableunits and mobile units. The communications generally occurover line-of-sight distances of less than 1000 m betweenroadside units and mostly high speed, but occasionally stoppedand slow moving, vehicles or between high-speed vehicles.T
8、his specification also offers regulatory bodies a means ofstandardizing access to the 5.9 GHz frequency band for thepurpose of interoperable communications to and betweenvehicles at line-of-sight distances on the roadway.1.3 Specifically, this specification accomplishes the follow-ing:1.3.1 Describe
9、s the functions and services required by aDSRC and IEEE 802.11 compliant device to operate in ahigh-speed mobile environment.1.3.2 Refers to IEEE 802.11 MAC procedures.1.3.3 Defines the 5.9 GHz DSRC signaling technique andinterface functions that are controlled by the IEEE 802.11MAC.1.3.4 Permits th
10、e operation of a DSRC conformant devicewithin a DSRC communications zone that may coexist withmultiple overlapping DSRC communication zones.1.3.5 Describes the requirements and procedures to provideprivacy of user information being transferred over the wirelessmedium and authentication of the DSRC o
11、r IEEE 802.11conformant devices.2. Referenced Documents2.1 IEEE Standards:802.11 Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) andPhysical Layer (PHY) Specifications3802.11a Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) andPhysical Layer (PHY) SpecificationsAmendment 1:High-Speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz B
12、and32.2 Federal Document:CFR 47 Title 47 on Telecommunication43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 3, in addition tothe following information:3.1.1 onboard unit (OBU)an onboard unit (OBU) is aDSRC transceiver that is normally mounted in or on a vehicle,but which in some instances may
13、 be a portable unit. An OBUcan be operational while a vehicle or person is either mobile orstationary. The OBUs receive and contend for time to transmit1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 onVehiclePavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.5
14、1on Vehicle Roadside Communication.Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E 2213 02e1.2This specification is based on IEEE 802.11, 1999 Edition and IEEE 802.11a,1999 Edition. This specification explains
15、the DSRC parameters as an extension ofthe IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.11a documents.3Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-13314Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Cap
16、itol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.on one or more RF channels. Except where specificallyexcluded, OBU operation is permitted wherever vehicle opera-tion or human passage
17、 is permitted. The OBUs mounted invehicles are licensed by rule and communicate with roadsideunits (RSUs) and other OBUs. Portable OBUs are also licensedby rule. OBU operations in the UNII Bands follow the rules inthose bands.3.1.2 roadside unit (RSU)a roadside unit is a DSRCtransceiver that is moun
18、ted along a road or pedestrian passage-way. An RSU may also be mounted on a vehicle or is handcarried, but it may only operate when the vehicle or hand-carried unit is stationary. Furthermore, an RSU operating underCFR 47 Part 90 rules is restricted to the location where it islicensed to operate. Ho
19、wever, portable or hand-held RSUs arepermitted to operate on the Control Channel and Servicechannels where they do not interfere with a site-licensedoperation. A RSU broadcasts data to OBUs or exchanges datawith OBUs in its communications zone. An RSU also provideschannel assignments and operating i
20、nstructions to OBUs in itscommunications zone, when required.3.1.3 private (application)implementation of a DSRCservice to transfer data to and from individual or business-owned devices to enable business or user data transactions orto improve the efficiency of business data transactions.3.1.4 publi
21、c safety (application)implementation of aDSRC service by a government or government sponsoredactivity as defined in CFR 47 USC section 309(j).3.2 AcronymsSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 4, in addition tothe following information:3.2.1 BPSKbinary phase shift keying3.2.2 C-MPDUcoded MPDU3.2.3 DSRCdedicated sh
22、ort-range communications3.2.4 FFTFast Fourier Transform3.2.5 GIguard interval3.2.6 IFFTinverse Fast Fourier Transform3.2.7 MLMEMAC sublayer management entity3.2.8 OBUonboard unit3.2.9 OFDMorthogonal frequency division multiplexing3.2.10 PERpacket error rate3.2.11 PLMEPHY management entity3.2.12 QAMq
23、uadrature amplitude modulation3.2.13 QPSKquadrature phase shift keying3.2.14 RSUroadside unit3.2.15 U-NIIunlicensed national information infrastruc-ture4. General Description4.1 This specification defines the Open Systems Intercon-nection (OSI) Layer 1, physical layer, and Layer 2, mediumaccess cont
24、rol layer for DSRC equipment operating in atwo-way or one-way, half-duplex, active mode. The physicallayer is a special case implementation of IEEE 802.11atechnology and the medium access control layer is the same asthe IEEE 802.11 MAC. All references in this specification toIEEE 802.11 MAC concepts
25、 are incorporated in the DSRCimplementation. This specification establishes a commonframework for the physical layer in the 5.850 to 5.925 GHzITS-RS band. This band is allocated for DSRC applications bythe FCC in Title 47, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part90, Subpart M and by Industry Canada i
26、n the SpectrumManagement, Radio Standard Specification, Location andMonitoring Service (5.850 to 5.925 GHz), Number TBD.4.1.1 General Description of the DSRC and IEEE 802.11ArchitectureSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 5.1.4.1.1.1 How Wireless LAN Systems are Different from WiredLAN SystemsSee IEEE 802.11, Cl
27、ause 5.1.1 and sub-clauses:4.1.1.2 How DSRC Systems are Different from IEEE 802.11Systems:(1) This specification defines a medium access control andair interface that enables accurate and valid message deliverywith communication units that are primarily mounted inhigh-speed moving vehicles. These co
28、mmunications may oc-cur with other units that are: (1) fixed along the roadside orabove the roadway; (2) mounted in other high-speed movingvehicles; (3) mounted in stationary vehicles; or (4) portable orhand-held. Communications may also occur between station-ary or low-speed mobile units and fixed
29、or portable units on theroadside or off-the-road, in private or public areas. However,most IEEE 802.11 systems implement communications be-tween stationary units or mobile units moving at low speeds.High-speeds are considered those achieved by the generalpublic and emergency vehicles on North Americ
30、an highways.Low-speeds are considered as walking to running paces.(2) DSRC devices must be capable of transferring mes-sages to and from vehicles at speeds of 85 mph with a PacketError Rate (PER) of less than 10 % for PSDU lengths of 1000bytes and to and from vehicles at speeds of 120 mph with aPER
31、of less than 10 % for PSDU lengths of 64 bytes.(3) As explained in the definitions, in-vehicle communica-tions units are called on-board units (OBUs). Communicationunits fixed along the roadside, over the road on gantries orpoles, or off the road in private or public areas are calledroadside units (
32、RSUs). The DSRC RSUs may function asstations or as access points (APs) and DSRC OBUs only havefunctions consistent with those of stations (STAs). The com-mon function between all RSUs is that these stationary unitscontrol access to the RF medium for OBUs in their commu-nication zone or relinquish co
33、ntrol to broadcast data only.(4) In order to accommodate the more dynamic environ-ment with essentially the same radio technology and providepriority to public safety communications, DSRC uses a differ-ent channel access strategy than IEEE 802.11 units andemploys additional operating rules. This add
34、itional SystemManagement strategy is described primarily in the IEEEControl Channel and Service Channel Standard (under devel-opment) Number TBD.(5) The essence of this strategy is the identification of acontrol channel and service channels, a system of priorityaccess, and mandatory service channel
35、data transfer time limitswhile in motion.(6) DSRC uses a unique Ad Hoc mode. The DSRC Ad Hocmode is used on all DSRC channels as the default mode ofoperation. However, it is the only mode of operation on thecontrol channel. In this mode, the BSSID is all zeros and thereis no distributed beaconing me
36、chanism. An OBU nominallylistens on the control channel for messages or applicationannouncements and a data exchange channel assignment, butE2213032does not scan. The IEEE 802.11-1999 management frames arereceived and acknowledged but not acted upon in the DSRCAd Hoc mode.(7) RF power, sensitivity,
37、and antenna pattern are intendedto be referenced to a standard location on the vehicle. Thisstandard location is intended to be the front bumper of apassenger vehicle or the equivalent on a commercial vehicle.Annex A3 describes the power and antenna calibration factors.4.2 Components of the IEEE 802
38、.11 ArchitectureSeeIEEE 802.11, Clause 5.2.4.3 Logical Service InterfacesSee IEEE 802.11, Clause5.3.4.4 Overview of the ServicesSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 5.4.4.5 Relationships Between ServicesSee IEEE 802.11,Clause 5.5.4.6 Difference Between ESS and IBSS LANsSee IEEE802.11, Clause 5.6.4.7 Message Info
39、rmation Contents that Support theServicesSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 5.7.4.8 Reference ModelSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 5.8.4.9 Implementation of DSRC Using IEEE 802.11 Architec-ture Components:4.9.1 The DSRC communications are conducted either be-tween RSUs and OBUs, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or onlybetwe
40、en OBUs, as shown in Fig. 3.4.9.2 The DSRC communications may be routed from orinto wide area networks by portals from RSUs, as shown inFig. 4.4.9.3 The DSRC communications may be routed betweenwide area networks and in-vehicle networks by portals fromOBUs and RSUs, as shown in Figs. 5-7.4.9.4 DSRC
41、devices shall implement a DSRC Ad-Hocmode and initialize to the settings defined in Annex A2 tooperate in the ITS-RS band.5. MAC Operation (IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.11aReferenced Paragraphs)5.1 MAC Service DefinitionSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 6.5.2 Frame FormatsSee IEEE 802.11, Clause 7. All of thespec
42、ifications of IEEE 802.11, Clause 7, are incorporated inthis standard in addition to the requirements for a DSRC AdHoc mode of operation.5.2.1 DSRC Ad Hoc ModeDSRC devices shall implementa DSRC Ad Hoc mode of operation. In this mode, only theControl, Data, and Management type fields described belowa
43、re used. (See IEEE 802.11, Table 1). Within the Control typefield, only the RTS, CTS, and ACK subtypes are used. Withinthe Data type field, only the basic data subtype is used. RTSand CTS shall not be used in the control channel.5.3 Authentication and PrivacySee IEEE 802.11,Clause 8.5.4 MAC Sublayer
44、 Functional DescriptionSee IEEE802.11, Clause 9. All of the specifications of IEEE 802.11,Clause 9, are incorporated in this standard in addition to therequirements for a DSRC Ad Hoc mode of operation.5.4.1 DSRC Ad Hoc ModeIn the DSRC Ad Hoc mode ofoperation, only three Frame Exchange Sequences, “Da
45、ta,”“Mgmt,” and “RTS - CTS-Frag - ACK - Last - ACK” areused (See IEEE 802.11, Table 21).5.5 Multirate SupportFor the 5 GHz PHY, the timerequired to transmit a frame for use in the Duration/ID field isdetermined using the PLME-TXTIME.request primitive andthe PLME-TXTIME.confirm primitive. The calcula
46、tionmethod of TXTIME duration is defined in IEEE 802.11a,Clause 17.4.3.6. Layer Management6.1 See IEEE 802.11, Clause 10.6.2 Add to IEEE 802.11, Clause 10: Remove the referencesto aMPDUDurationFactor from 10.4.3.1.6.3 Add to IEEE 802.11, Clause 10:6.3.1 PLME-TXTIME.request:6.3.1.1 FunctionThis primi
47、tive is a request for the PHY tocalculate the time that will be required to transmit a PPDUcontaining a specified length MPDU, and using a specifiedformat, data rate, and signaling onto the wireless medium.6.3.1.2 Semantics of the Service PrimitiveThis primitiveprovides the following parameters: PLM
48、E-TXTIME.request(TXVECTOR). The TXVECTOR representsa list of parameters that the MAC sublayer provides to the localFIG. 1 RSU Communicating With an OBUE2213033FIG. 2 Basic Service Sets With RSUs and OBUsFIG. 3 Basic Service Sets With OBUs OnlyFIG. 4 Connecting OBUs to Wide-Area NetworksE2213034PHY e
49、ntity in order to transmit an MPDU, as further describedin IEEE 802.11 Clauses 12.3.4.4 and 17.4 (which defines thelocal PHY entity).FIG. 5 Connecting an OBU to an In-vehicle NetworkFIG. 6 BSS Connects On-board Computer Through the WAN to the ITS ApplicationFIG. 7 Connecting a Remote ITS Application to On-board SystemsE22130356.3.1.3 When GeneratedThis primitive is issued by theMAC sublayer to the PHY entity whenever the MAC sublayerneeds to determine the time required to transmit a particularMPDU.6.3.1.4 Effect of ReceiptThe effect o
