1、Designation: E 2249 02Standard Test Method forLaboratory Measurement of Airborne Transmission Loss ofBuilding Partitions and Elements Using Sound Intensity1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2249; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis standard test method is part of a set for evaluating the sound tran
3、smission loss of a partitionor partition element under laboratory conditions. It differs from Test Method E90in that the soundpower radiated by the element under test is measured directly using an intensity probe rather thanindirectly from the space averaged receiver room sound pressure and the room
4、 reverberation time.This test method is especially useful when the receiver room requirements of Test Method E90cannot be achieved, or flanking sound involving the receiver room surfaces is present but its influence isto be circumvented (1)2, as discussed in Annex A3.Others test methods to evaluate
5、sound insulation of building elements include: Test Method E90,airborne transmission loss of an isolated partition element in a controlled laboratory environment, TestMethod E 492, laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission through floors, Test MethodE 336, measurement of sound isolation in
6、 buildings, Test Method E 1007, measurement of impactsound transmission in buildings, Guide E 966, measurement of sound transmission through buildingfacades and facade elements.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airbornesound transmission loss of building partitions such as walls
7、 ofall kinds, operable partitions, floor-ceiling assemblies, doors,windows, roofs, panels and other space-dividing buildingelements. It may also be have applications in sectors other thanthe building industry, although these are beyond the scope.1.2 The primary quantity reported by this standard is
8、Inten-sity Transmission Loss (ITL) and shall not be given anothername. Similarly, the single-number rating Intensity SoundTransmission Class (ISTC) derived from the measured ITLshall not be given any other name.1.3 This test method may be used to reveal the soundradiation characteristics of a partit
9、ion or portion thereof.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior
10、 to use.NOTE 1The method for measuring the sound intensity radiated by thebuilding element under test defined by this ASTM standard meets orexceeds those of ISO 15186-1. Special consideration will have to be givento requirements for the source room and specimen mounting if compliancewith ISO 15186-1
11、 is also desired as they differ from those of this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 634 Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics3E90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of AirborneSound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Ele-ments3E 336 Test Method for Measure
12、ment of Airborne SoundInsulation in Buildings3E 413 Classification for Rating Sound Insulation32.2 ANSI Standards:4S1.9 Instruments for the Measurement of Sound IntensityS1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional Octave-Band Analogue and Digital Filters2.3 ISO Standards:4ISO 140-3 AcousticsM
13、easurement of Sound Insulation inBuildings and of Building ElementsPart 3: LaboratoryMeasurements of Sound Insulation of Building ElementsISO 9614-1 AcousticsDetermination of Sound Power1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 onEnvironmentalAcoustics and is the direct respo
14、nsibility of Subcommittee E33.03 onSound Transmission.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published June 2003.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.4Available from American National Standards Inst
15、itute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Levels of Noise Sources Using Sound IntensityPart 1:Measurement at Discrete PointsISO 9614-2 AcousticsDetermination of Sound P
16、owerLevels of Noise Sources Using Sound IntensityPart 2:Measurement by ScanningISO 15186-1 AcousticsMeasurement of Sound Insulationin Buildings and of Building Elements Using SoundIntensityPart 1: Laboratory ConditionsISO 15186-2 AcousticsMeasurement of Sound Insulationin Buildings and of Building E
17、lements Using SoundIntensityPart 2: In-Situ Conditions2.4 IEC Standard:5IEC 1043 Instruments for the Measurement of Sound Inten-sity3. Terminology3.1 The acoustical terminology used in this method isintended to be consistent with the definitions in TerminologyC 634 and Test Method E90. Unique defini
18、tions of relevanceto this test method are presented here:3.1.1 sound intensity, Itime averaged rate of flow ofsound energy per unit area in the direction of the local particlevelocity. This is a vector quantity which is equal to:I51T*0Tpt! ut! dtWm2(1)where:p(t) = instantaneous sound pressure at a p
19、oint, Pascals,u(t)= instantaneous particle velocity at the same point, m/s,andT = averaging time, s.3.1.2 normal sound intensity, Incomponent of the soundintensity in the direction normal to a measurement surfacedefined by the unit normal vector n:In5 I nWm2(2)where:n= unit normal vector directed ou
20、t of the volume enclosedby the measurement surface.3.1.3 normal unsigned sound intensity level, L|In|ten timesthe common logarithm of the ratio of the unsigned value of thenormal sound intensity to the reference intensity Ioas given by:L|In|5 10 log|In|IodB (3)where:Io5 10212Wm2(4)3.1.4 normal signe
21、d sound intensity level, LInten times thecommon logarithm of the ratio of the signed value of thenormal sound intensity to the reference intensity Ioas given by:LIn5 sgnIn! 10 log|In|IodB (5)where:sgn(In) = takes the value of negative unity if the soundintensity is directed into the measurement vol-
22、ume, otherwise it is unity.3.1.5 pressure-residual intensity index, dpIothe differencebetween the sound pressure level, Lp, and the unsigned normalsound intensity level when the intensity probe is placed andoriented in a sound field where the sound intensity is zero,expressed in decibels,dpIo5 Lp2 L
23、|In|(6)Additional details can be found in IEC 61043.3.1.6 measurement surfacesurface totally enclosing thebuilding element under test on the receiving side, scanned orsampled by the probe during the measurements. This surfacehas an area Smexpressed in m2.3.1.7 measurement distance, dmdistance betwee
24、n themeasurement surface and the building element under test in adirection normal to the element.3.1.8 measurement subareapart of the measurement sur-face being measured with the intensity probe using onecontinuous scan or a series of discrete positions. The kthmeasurement subarea has an area Smkexp
25、ressed in m2.3.1.9 measurement volumethe volume that is bounded bythe measurement surface(s), the building element under test,and any connecting non-radiating surfaces.3.1.10 measurement arraya series of fixed intensity probepositions where each position represents a small subarea of thesub-divided
26、area of a measurement surface.3.1.11 discrete point methoda method of integrating thesound intensity over the entire measurement surface where aseries of stationary microphone positions are chosen to ad-equately sample the test partition.3.1.12 scanning methoda method of integrating the soundintensi
27、ty over the entire measurement surface whereby a seriesof subareas are scanned by moving the intensity probe in amethodical fashion to adequately sample the test partition.3.1.13 field indicatorsa series of indicators used to assessthe quality of the measurement conditions, and ultimately theaccurac
28、y, of the intensity measurement.3.1.13.1 dynamic capability index, Lda measure of theusable dynamic range of an intensity measuring system (whichis a function of the phase mismatch of the system and the biaserror factor, K), expressed in decibels.3.1.13.2 surface pressure-intensity indicatorthe diff
29、er-ence between the sound pressure level, and the normal soundintensity level on the measurement surface, both being timeand surface averaged. F2is used for the discrete point methodand FpIand for the scanning method.3.1.13.3 negative partial power indicator, F3the differ-ence between the average so
30、und pressure level integrated overa measurement surface and signed (accounting for direction)average normal intensity level.3.1.13.4 field non-uniformity indicator, F4this measure isonly applicable to the discrete point method and assess thesuitability of the selected measurement array.NOTE 2The fie
31、ld indicators and criteria used by this standard arebased on those of ISO 9614 and are a more stringent superset of those5Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 Rue deVarembe, CH 1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.E2249022required by ISO 15186-1. Functional definitions are given
32、 in Annex A1and Annex A2.3.1.14 flanking transmissiontransmission of sound from asource to a receiving location other than directly through theelement under consideration.3.1.15 sound transmission loss, TLIn a specified fre-quency band, ten times the common logarithm of the ratio ofthe incident soun
33、d power, Wi, to the sound power transmittedthough the specimen under test, Wt, expressed in decibels.TL 5 10 log10FWiWtG(7)NOTE 3For this standard, TL is operationally defined by Eq 13 anddiffers from the definitions given in Test Method E90only in the way thatthe transmitted sound power is estimate
34、d.NOTE 4Transmission loss is a property of the specimen and to a firstapproximation, is independent of the specimen area and dimension.Nevertheless, results of specimens that have significantly different dimen-sions and aspect ratios can vary significantly, especially at low frequen-cies, as this wi
35、ll hinder comparison. It is for this reason that this standardrequires a minimum area for the test specimen.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The building element under test is installed between twospaces creating two spaces as conceptually shown in Fig. 1.The source space is a well-defined room satisfyi
36、ng the criteriaof Test Method E90while the other, the receiver room, has nospecific physical requirements for size or absorption condition.It is assumed that the sound field in the source room isapproximately diffuse since the incident sound power isestimated from the space averaged sound pressure l
37、evel. Thesound power transmitted into the receiver space is estimatedfrom direct measurement of the radiated sound intensity over ameasurement surface that completely encloses the portion ofthe building element in the receiver room. The transmissionloss of the building element is then estimated usin
38、g the incidentand transmitted sound powers. Because transmission loss is afunction of frequency, measurements are made in a series offrequency bands.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be used to obtain an estimate thetransmission loss of building elements in a laboratory settingwhere th
39、e source room and the specimen mounting conditionssatisfy the requirements of Test Method E90. The acceptabilityof the receiving room will be determined by a set of fieldindicators that define the quality and accuracy of the intensityestimate.5.2 By appropriately constructing the surface over whicht
40、he intensity is measured it is possible to selectively excludethe influence of sound energy paths including the effects fromjoints, gaps as well as flanking sound paths. This method maybe particularly useful when accurate measurements of a parti-tion can not be made in an Test Method E90facility bec
41、ausethe partition sound insulation is limited by flanking transmis-sion involving facility source and receiver room surfaces, (forexample, the path from the source room floor to the receiverroom floor via the isolators and the slab supporting the two).Annex A3 discusses this in detail.5.3 The discre
42、te point method allows the mapping of theradiated sound intensity which can be used to identify defectsor unique features (2) of the partition.5.4 Current research reported in the literature indicate thatthere exists a bias between measures of transmission lossobtained using the intensity technique
43、and those obtained usingthe conventional two room reverberation technique (for ex-ample, Test Method E90, (3) and (4). Appendix E providesestimates of the bias that might be expected. Despite thepresence of a bias, no corrections are to be applied to themeasured data obtained by this test method.6.
44、Test Rooms6.1 Source RoomThe source room shall possess the fol-lowing properties:6.1.1 It shall comply with the relevant sections of TestMethod E90. In particular, it shall possess the appropriateroom size, shape, volume, diffusion, absorption characteristics.6.1.2 Flanking paths involving source ro
45、om surfaces and thespecimen shall be insignificant relative to direct transmissionthrough the specimen under test. The procedure and criterionof Annex A3 shall be followed and satisfied.6.2 Receiving Room or SpaceThe receiving room may beany space meeting the requirements for background noise andthe
46、 field indicators and associated field criteria (Annex A1 forthe discrete point method, and Annex A2 for the scanningmethod).7. Test Partitions7.1 Size, Mounting and AgeingSpecimens shall be in-stalled in full compliance with all relevant requirements of TestMethod E90.8. Test Signal Sound Sources8.
47、1 Signal SpectrumThe sound signals used for these testsshall be in full compliance with the requirements of TestMethod E90.8.2 Sound SourcesThe number, characteristics, orienta-tion and location of loudspeakers shall be in full compliancewith the requirements of Test Method E90.FIG. 1 Conceptualized
48、 Testing Arrangement Showing the Sourceand Receiving RoomsE22490238.3 Standard Test FrequenciesAs a minimum, measure-ments should be made at all of the one-third-octave bandsstated in Test Method E90.9. Measurement Surface9.1 The measurement surface shall define a measurementvolume that (1) complete
49、ly encloses the portion of the speci-men under test, (2) contains no extraneous or flanking sources,(3) contains no absorbing materials that are not part of thespecimen, and (4) satisfies the field indicator criteria.9.1.1 An absorptive material is defined as a material havingan absorption coefficient greater than 0.1 in any of thefrequency bands for which data will be reported.NOTE 5The measurement surface must be chosen so that all theradiated sound power of the portion of the building element under testpasses through the measurem
