1、Designation: E2256 03 (Reapproved 2008)E2256 13Standard Guide forHydraulic Integrity of New, Repaired, or ReconstructedAboveground Storage Tank Bottoms for Petroleum Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2256; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended to provide the reader with a know
3、ledge of construction examination procedures and currenttechnologies that can be used to give an owner or operator of an aboveground storage tank (AST) in petroleum service, relevantinformation on the hydraulic integrity of a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom prior to return to service. Th
4、is guide doesnot pertain to horizontal ASTs, manufacture of tanks using UL 142, or to tanks constructed of concrete or other non-ferrousmaterials.1.2 The adoption of the mathods and technologies presented in this guide are not mandatory, rather they represent options thatmay be selected to identify
5、the likelihood of product leaking through a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom.1.3 This guide is not intended to suggest or treat any technology in a preferential manner.1.4 The person responsible for applying this guide should be a knowledgeable individual with experience in the design,ins
6、pection, construction, or combination thereof, of aboveground storage tanks for use in petroleum service, and should also becertified under the requirements of API 653 when use is related to tank bottom repair.1.5 This guide is written in metric measure units (SI Units) in accordance with requiremen
7、ts of Practice E621. English measureequivalents are in parentheses.1.6 The applicability of this guide to the proposed tank configuration and service conditions should be established prior to use.1.7 This guide complies with ASTM policy for development and subsequent use of a standard.1.8 This guide
8、 is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five yearsand if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this guide or for additionalstandards and should be addressed to ASTM International, 10
9、0 Barr Harbor Drive, W. Conshohocken, PA 19428.1.9 This guide is not intended for use as a model code, ordinance or regulation.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish
10、 appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryrequirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet PilingA20/A20M Specification for Genera
11、l Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure VesselsA36/A36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelA53/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and SeamlessA106/A106M Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceA333/A333M Specifica
12、tion for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature Service and Other Applications withRequired Notch ToughnessD3282 Practice for Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental
13、 Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee E50.01 on Storage Tanks.Current edition approved May 1, 2008Oct. 1, 2013. Published June 2008January 2014. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 asE2256 03.E2256 03(20
14、08). DOI: 10.1520/E2256-03R08.10.1520/E2256-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document
15、is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appro
16、priate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Ind
17、ustryE621 Practice for Use of Metric (SI) Units in Building Design and Construction(Committee E06 Supplement to E380)(Withdrawn 2008)3E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE1209 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Water-Washable ProcessE1219 Practice for Fluorescent Liquid
18、Penetrant Testing Using the Solvent-Removable ProcessE1220 Practice for Visible Penetrant Testing Using Solvent-Removable Process2.2 Other Documents:ASME Section V and IX Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code4SNT TC-1A Society for Nondestructive Testing Recommended Practice5AWS B1.10 Guide for the Nondest
19、ructive Inspection of Welds6AWS QC1-96 Standard for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors6API Publication 322 An Engineering Evaluation of Acoustic Methods of Leak Detection in Aboveground Storage Tanks, Jan.19947API PBPublication 334 A Guide to Leak Detection for Aboveground Storage Tanks, Mar. 1
20、9967API 571 Damage Mechanisms7API 575 Inspection of Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks7API 577 Welding, Inspection and Metallurgy7API RP 479 Fitness for Service7API RP 580 Risk Based Inspection7API 581 Base Resource Document-Risk-Based Inspection7API 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage7AP
21、I 653 Tank Inspection, Alteration, and Reconstruction7STI 1SP001 Steel Tank Institute Standard83. Terminology3.1 The following terms as used in this guide may differ from the more commonly accepted definitions elsewhere.3.1.1 aboveground storage tank (AST), n a vertically oriented tank (normally cyl
22、indrical), whose bottom is in contact withthe soil or other solid material and whose shell to bottom joint is designed to be at the plane of grade. See Fig. 1. Many tanks aresupported on a gravel or concrete ring. Some tanks have a full concrete pad foundation.3.1.2 conditions and limitations, nthe
23、environmental and physical effects that restrict the collection of data.3.1.3 cut and cover or bunkered tank, n a field-constructed aboveground storage tank that has been cut into the soil andcovered to protect it from damage either by accident or hostile intent of war.3.1.4 developing technology, n
24、a procedure or testing method that may be used to provide additional information on a potentialleak path.3.1.5 for petroleum service, nan AST that is designated for or expected to be used for petroleum product storage to includecrude oil, residual, and refined petroleum products.3 The last approved
25、version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O.
26、Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http:/www.asnt.org.6 Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126, http:/www.aws.org.7 Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.8 Avai
27、lable from Steel Tank Institute / Steel Plate Fabricators Association 944 Donata Ct. Lake Zurich, IL 60047, http:/FIG. 1 Examples of ASTs per this GuideE2256 1323.1.6 hydraulic integrity, nthe actual ability of a tank bottom to prevent passage of a stored product to the externalenvironment.3.1.7 lea
28、k path, nthe route or opening through which the tank contents are released through to the exterior environment.3.1.8 tank, na field-erected steel structure constructed of welded or riveted steel and designed for petroleum service.3.1.9 tank bottom, nthe floor of a vertically oriented tank, including
29、 the shell to bottom weld, connected piping supports,column base plates, sumps, floor plates, and floor welds, but not interior or exterior coatings or cathodic protection.3.1.10 tank owner or operator, nan individual or entity that owns or operates an aboveground storage tank in accordance withand
30、definitions of The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulation 40 CFR 112.3.1.11 technologies, nsystems or services that provide information that can be used to evaluate the hydraulic integrity of atank bottom.3.2 Abbreviations:3.2.1 cmcentimetre3.2.2 mmmillimetre3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 ANSIAmerican
31、National Standards Institute3.3.2 APIAmerican Petroleum Institute3.3.3 ASMAmerican Society for Metals3.3.4 ASMEAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers3.3.5 ASNTSociety for Nondestructive Testing3.3.6 ASTaboveground storage tank3.3.7 AWSAmerican Welding Society3.3.8 ERWelectric resistance weld3.3.9
32、NDEnon-destructive evaluation3.3.10 OSHAUnited States Occupational, Safety and Health Administration3.3.11 ULUnderwriters Laboratory3.3.12 USTunderground storage tank3.4 Measurement UnitsThis guide is written in metric measure units (SI Units) in accordance with requirements of PracticeE621. English
33、 measure equivalents are in parentheses.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide establishes a process and provides guidance about practices and procedures that are called for in API 650 andAPI 653, or available as optional selections and which will lead to a better understanding about the hydraulic integr
34、ity of anASTsbottom. The information contained in the guide is set out in three formats: a flowchart of the procedures and the appropriate pointfor employment in order to gather the most useful information; a table of the procedures briefly describing what and how theyshould be used in order to gath
35、er the most useful information; and an expanded listing of the procedures to provide the guide userwith procedure background and expected results in order to determine the type and validity of the information gathered.5. Significance and Use5.1 Inspection, repair, and construction of ASTs in petrole
36、um service should follow at a minimum the requirements of API 650and API 653. These standards describe methods for testing the weld quality and structural and hydraulic integrity of new orrepaired ASTs. With increasing emphasis on protecting the environment and with environmental issues related to t
37、he storing ofpetroleum materials in ASTs, owners and operators of such tanks may want or need a guide devoted to existing and enhancedmethods for evaluating the hydraulic integrity of new or repaired tank bottoms.5.2 The consequences of a tank bottom failure include the economic loss of product, cos
38、t of repair or replacing the tank bottom,and exposure to the cost of environmental remediation and potential damage or harm to adjacent lands that may give rise to adversepublic relations or regulatory action. In addition, releases of petroleum products introduce potential fire or explosive conditio
39、ns.5.3 Owners and operators ofASTs or their agents can use this guide to help choose methods of evaluating the hydraulic integrityof their repaired or new tank bottoms. Selection of the methods should be based on regulatory and economic criteria that includeoperational and cost/benefit consideration
40、s.5.4 This guide is intended for use by an individual experienced in repair and construction of ASTs in petroleum service.5.5 This guide is intended for use when repairing or building ASTs and not intended for use beyond the construction process.ASTs. This guide does not address suitability for use
41、or imply useful life of an AST bottom.E2256 1335.6 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with and as a supplement to standards provided for hydraulic integrity inAPI 650 and API 653.5.7 Procedures or methods included here may be supported by a previously completed and documented performan
42、ceevaluation(s) that may lend itself as valuable results validation.6. Procedures6.1 This section provides information on established practices described in API 650 and API 653. This section providesinformation on other practices listed in this guide as optional during a hydrostatic test, and which
43、may be used to assess thehydraulic integrity of the tank bottom. Also identified in this section are developing technologies that may be used in conjunctionwith a hydro-test, and may produce supplemental information about the hydraulic integrity of the completed tank bottomconstruction. Some of the
44、procedures identified here are recognized to be voluntary when used for attaining an enhancedconfidence in the hydraulic integrity for a repaired or newly constructed tank bottom. For those owners and operators that alreadyhave procedures for determining the suitability of the tank bottom, this guid
45、e may serve as a reference when policy warrants achange in their methods.6.2 Table 1 identifies tests and procedures, and notes when application of those tests or procedures will provide the most usefulinformation for assessing the hydraulic integrity of tank bottom.6.3 Table 1 supplements the flow
46、chart by listing the accepted tests and procedures from API 650 and API 653, as a readilyavailable reference, and also the developing technologies. These API procedures, although established chiefly to assess tankstructural soundness, are also useful for determining the hydraulic soundness of tank b
47、ottom construction when it has been repairedor newly constructed. Information relating to the developing technologies may be employed by an owner and operator in order toobtain hydraulic integrity and other supplementary information during a hydrostatic test.6.4 When using information provided in th
48、is section, considerations for schedule, operational, economic, and environmentalcharacterizations should be reviewed. An owner and operator or the owners and operators representative should be familiar withconditions under which the tests and procedures can be used and in the case of the developing
49、 technologies, API 334 should beconsulted.7. Evaluation Methods7.1 Procedures Prior to Filling and After Filling the Tank:7.1.1 The owner and operator of a tank, included by definition in this guide, will find that there are numerous proceduresassociated with the determination of the hydraulic integrity of a tank bottom. Of this total number of procedures there can be atleast nine that are conducted prior to filling the tank and can be at least another four procedures that are applied with the tank eitherpartially or complete
