1、Designation: E 2265 07Standard Terminology forAnchors and Fasteners in Concrete and Masonry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2265; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology covers standard terminology for an-chors and fasteners installed in structural members made ofconcrete or masonry.1.2 T
3、his terminology does not cover terms relating to themechanical properties of the materials used for fabricatinganchors, nor does it cover their use.1.3 The terms are listed alphabetically. Compound termsappear in the natural spoken order.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 488 Test Methods
4、for Strength of Anchors in Concreteand Masonry ElementsE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 1190 Test Methods for Strength of Power-Actuated Fas-teners Installed in Structural MembersE 1512 Test Methods for Testing Bond Performance ofBonded Anchors3. Terminologyadhesive-bonded anchoranchor p
5、laced into a hole in thebase material, and which derives its holding strength from achemical adhesive placed between the wall of the hole in thebase material and the embedded portion of the anchor.allowable loadcapacity assigned to an anchor in accordancewith allowable-stress design procedures.ancho
6、rcast-in-place or post-installed fastening device in-stalled in the base material for the purpose of transferringloads to the base material.anchor loading: axialload applied concentrically with theanchor longitudinal axis.anchor loading: bendingflexure induced in the anchor byapplication of a shear
7、load at a distance from the surface ofthe base material.anchor loading: combinedaxial and shear loading appliedsimultaneously (oblique loading).anchor loading: shearload applied parallel to the surface ofthe base material and perpendicular to the anchors longitu-dinal axis.anchor spacingdistance bet
8、ween anchors measured center-line to centerline.attachmentstructural element (fixture) external to the sur-face of the base material, and which transmits loads to theanchor.base materialmaterial in which anchor is installed, such asconcrete or masonry.bond failurefailure mode characterized by loss o
9、f bondeither between the anchor and adhesive or between theadhesive and the base material.cast-in-place anchoranchor installed in formwork prior toplacement of concrete.characteristic valuethe 5 % fractile (value with a 95 %probability of being exceeded, with a confidence of 90 %).clamping forcecomp
10、ression force transmitted to the basematerial as a result of preload in the anchor.concrete breakout failureanchor failure mode character-ized by concrete cone failure or concrete edge failure.connectionattachment of load-bearing element to concreteor masonry base materials using anchors.cracked con
11、cretefor testing purposes, a test member havingone or more cracks, each of which is approximately uniformin width through the depth of the member.DISCUSSIONOnly one crack is permitted in the area of influence ofthe test anchor.critical edge distanceminimum anchor edge distance, mea-sured from the an
12、chor centerline to the edge of the structuralmember, at which the full anchor capacity can be obtainedwithout concrete edge breakout failure or splitting failure.critical spacingminimum anchor spacing, measured center-line to centerline of the anchors, at which the full anchorcapacity can be obtaine
13、d without influence from adjacentanchors.cure timethe length of time required for a grouted anchor oran adhesive-bonded anchor to develop its specified strength.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt
14、ee E06.13on Structural Performance of Connections in Building Construction.Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous approved in 2006 as E 2265 06b.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custome
15、r Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.diamond core bitnon-percussion drill b
16、it, usually utilizing ahollow cylindrical pipe or tube with a diamond-impregnatedmatrix at the end that is used to drill in the base material.displacementmovement of anchor relative to the structuralmember.DISCUSSION For tension tests, displacement is measured parallel tothe anchor axis; for shear t
17、ests, displacement is measured perpendicularto the anchor axis.displacement-controlled expansion anchora post-installedanchor that derives its holding strength by expansion againstthe side of the drilled hole through movement of an internalplug in the sleeve or through movement of the sleeve over an
18、expansion element (plug), Once set, the anchor does notexpand further under load.drillelectric-, hydraulic-, or air-powered tool for boringholes into the base material, using rotary action, oftensupplemented by percussion or hammering.drill bitsolid-shaft, carbide-tipped bit, usually with spiralflut
19、es, used to drill holes in the base material.edge distanceperpendicular distance from the centerline ofthe anchor to the edge of the structural member in whichanchor is installed.effective embedment depththe overall depth through whichthe anchor transfers force to or from the surrounding basemateria
20、l, measured from the surface: for adhesive-bondedanchors measured to the deepest point of the anchor; forcast-in-place anchors measured to the upper surface of thedirect bearing element; for undercut and sleeve anchorsmeasured to the bottom of the expansion mechanism; forexpansion anchors measured t
21、o the farthest point of contactbetween the expansion mechanism and surrounding mate-rial.elongationincrease in length of the anchor under loadingresulting from axial strain of the anchor material.embedment depthdistance measured from the surface of thebase material to the farthest point of anchor, m
22、easured priorto setting of anchor.expansion anchorpost-installed anchor that derives its ca-pacity predominately from frictional forces generated bymechanical expansion of the anchor against sides of hole.expansion sleeveouter part of expansion anchor, which isforced outward by its center part as a
23、result of applied torqueor impact, to bear against the sides of the predrilled hole.failure modefailure mechanism during load application toanchor.fastenersee anchor.fatigue testtest involving repeated loading cycles, usually inexcess of 2 3 106cycles.fixturesee attachment.flush installationanchor t
24、hat is installed so that its top isflush with the surface of the structural member and does notprotrude beyond the surface.follow-up expansionmovement of an expansion anchorduring tension loading, whereby the expansion sleeve re-mains stationary and further expands as the anchor bodymoves axially in
25、 response to the load application.gel timethe time after mixing at which an adhesive begins toincrease in viscosity and becomes resistant to flow.groutpourable mixture of a cementitious or polymericbinder and water, possibly also containing fine aggregates,coarse aggregates, or both.grouted anchoran
26、chor installed in the base material usinggrout.insertpre-designed and prefabricated cast-in-place or post-installed anchors specifically designed for the attachment ofbolted or slotted connections.installation torquespecified torque applied to an anchorduring its installation.linear variable differe
27、ntial transformer (LVDT)a devicefor measuring movements that utilize a sliding core within avariable magnetic field.DISCUSSIONSome units are powered with alternating current andrequire external modulators, while others are powered with directcurrent and have built-in modulators.minimum spacingminimu
28、m anchor spacing measured cen-terline to centerline, at which base material will not bedamaged when multiple anchors are set.prestressing forceaxial force in anchor resulting fromsetting or torquing of anchor or nut.pullout failurea failure mode in which the entire anchorpulls out of the base materi
29、al without a fracture of the anchormaterial, or without a concrete breakout failure at theeffective embedmnet depth.DISCUSSIONThe anchor may displace toward the surface, resultingin a shallow breakout failure at a load that may not be consistentlyrepeatable.pull-through failurea failure mode in whic
30、h the anchorbody pulls through the expansion mechanism without devel-opment of the full concrete breakout capacity.relaxationreduction in anchor prestress and associatedclamping force over time.screw anchora post-installed anchor that is an externallythreaded mechanical fastener installed in a pre-d
31、rilled hole.The anchor derives its capacity from the mechanical inter-lock of the fastener threads with the grooves cut into theconcrete during the anchor installation.seismic testtest that applies load cycles of varying magni-tude and frequency to an anchorage system for the purposeof simulating a
32、seismic event (earthquake).shear testapplication of load perpendicular to anchor oranchor axis and parallel to and at the surface of the basematerial.shock testtest that simulates shock loads applied to ananchorage system using an external load of short duration.slipdisplacement of an anchor with re
33、spect to the surround-ing base material.spacing sleevesleeve that encases a portion of the anchorshaft but does not expand.splitting failurea failure mode in which the base materialfractures along a plane passing through the axis of the anchoror anchors.E2265072standoff installationanchorage assembl
34、y in which the at-tachment is secured at a distance from the surface of the basematerial.static loadload condition not involving significant inertialforce.static testa test involving only static loads.steel failurefailure mode characterized by fracture of theanchor steel.stop-drilldrill bit equipped
35、 with a drill stop that ensuresattaining a predetermined hole depth.tensile testapplication of tensile force concentric with theanchor axis.torque-controlled adhesive-bonded anchoran adhesiveanchor employing an anchor element designed to generateexpansion forces in response to tension loading.DISCUS
36、SIONTypically the application of torque is employed toovercome the initial adhesion between the anchor element and theadhesive at a resultant tension load significantly less than that requiredto disrupt the adhesive-concrete bond. Displacement of the anchor rodrelative to the adhesive in response to
37、 the tension load serves togenerate expansion forces normal to the hole wall, further increasingthe load transfer capability of the adhesive-concrete interface. Subse-quent application of external tension loads beyond the initial preloadresults in further displacement of the anchor element and incre
38、asedexpansion forces.torque-controlled expansion anchora post-installed expan-sion anchor that derives its holding strength from theexpansion of one or more sleeves or other elements againstthe sides of the drilled hole through the application of torque,which pulls the cone(s) into the expansion sle
39、eve(s). Aftersetting, tensile loading can cause additional expansion(follow-up expansion).uncracked concretefor testing purposes, a concrete testmember having no noticeable cracks in the anchor vicinityprior to the installation and loading of anchors.undercut anchora post-installed anchor that deriv
40、es itsholding strength by the mechanical interlock provided byundercutting of the concrete, achieved either by a specialtool or by the anchor itself during installation.4. Keywords4.1 anchor; concrete; definition; fastener; masonry;terminologyASTM International takes no position respecting the valid
41、ity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subje
42、ct to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquart
43、ers. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard
44、 is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).E2265073
