1、Designation: E2265 17Standard Terminology forAnchors and Fasteners in Concrete and Masonry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2265; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology covers standard terminology for an-chors and fasteners installed in structural members made ofconcrete or masonry.1.2 This
3、 terminology does not cover terms relating to themechanical properties of the materials used for fabricatinganchors, nor does it cover their use.1.3 The terms are listed alphabetically. Compound termsappear in the natural spoken order.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with
4、 internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Terminologyadhesive anchor, nanchor pla
5、ced into a hole in the basematerial, and which derives its holding strength from achemical adhesive placed between the wall of the hole in thebase material and the embedded portion of the anchor.allowable load, ncapacity assigned to an anchor in accor-dance with allowable-stress design procedures.an
6、chor, ncast-in-place or post-installed fastening deviceinstalled in the base material for the purpose of transferringloads to the base material.anchor loading: axial, nload applied concentrically with theanchor longitudinal axis.anchor loading: bending, nflexure induced in the anchor byapplication o
7、f a shear load at a distance from the surface ofthe base material.anchor loading: combined, naxial and shear loading ap-plied simultaneously (oblique loading).anchor loading: shear, nload applied parallel to the surfaceof the base material and perpendicular to the anchorslongitudinal axis.anchor spa
8、cing, ndistance between anchors measured cen-terline to centerline.attachment, nstructural element (fixture) external to thesurface of the base material, and which transmits loads to theanchor.base material, nmaterial in which anchor is installed, suchas concrete or masonry.bond failure, nfailure mo
9、de characterized by loss of bondeither between the anchor and adhesive or between theadhesive and the base material.breakout failure, nanchor failure mode characterized bycone failure or edge failure.cast-in-place anchor, nanchor installed in formwork prior toplacement of concrete.characteristic val
10、ue, nthe 5 % fractile (value with a 95 %probability of being exceeded, with a confidence of 90 %).clamping force, ncompression force transmitted to the basematerial as a result of preload in the anchor.closed crack, ncondition of a crack in an unloaded testmember. See hairline crack.concrete batch,
11、na mixture of specific amounts of cement,fine and coarse aggregate, water, and when utilized,admixtures, prepared and placed at a specific time and curedin a specific manner.confined tension test, ntest setup such that the reaction forceis transferred into the base material in close proximity to the
12、anchor to force a specific type of failure mode.connection, nattachment of load-bearing element to concreteor masonry base materials using anchors.cracked concrete, nfor testing purposes, a test memberhaving one or more cracks, each of which is approximatelyuniform in width through the depth of the
13、member.DISCUSSIONOnly one crack is permitted in the area of influence ofthe test anchor.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.13on Structural Performance of Connections in Building Constructio
14、n.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous approved in 2009 as E2265 09. DOI: 10.1520/E2265-17.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard
15、 was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1critical
16、edge distance, nminimum anchor edge distance,measured from the anchor centerline to the edge of themember, at which the full anchor capacity can be obtainedwithout edge breakout failure or splitting failure.critical spacing, nminimum anchor spacing, measured cen-terline to centerline of the anchors,
17、 at which the full anchorcapacity can be obtained without influence from adjacentanchors.cure time, nthe length of time required for a grouted anchoror an adhesive-bonded anchor to develop its specifiedstrength.diamond core bit, nnon-percussion drill bit, usually utiliz-ing a hollow cylindrical pipe
18、 or tube with a diamond-impregnated matrix at the end that is used to drill in the basematerial.displacement, nmovement of anchor relative to the struc-tural member.DISCUSSIONFor tension tests, displacement is measured parallel tothe anchor axis; for shear tests, displacement is measured perpendicul
19、arto the anchor axis.displacement-controlled expansion anchor, na post-installed anchor that derives its holding strength by expan-sion against the side of the drilled hole through movement ofan internal plug in the sleeve or through movement of thesleeve over an expansion element (plug). Once set,
20、theanchor does not expand further under load.drill, nelectric-, hydraulic-, or air-powered tool for boringholes into the base material, using rotary action, oftensupplemented by percussion or hammering.drill bit, nsolid-shaft, carbide-tipped bit, usually with spiralflutes, used to drill holes in the
21、 base material.edge distance, nperpendicular distance from the centerlineof the anchor to the edge of the structural member in whichanchor is installed.effective embedment depth, nthe overall depth throughwhich the anchor transfers force to or from the surroundingbase material, measured from the sur
22、face: for adhesive-bonded anchors measured to the deepest point of the anchor;for cast-in-place anchors measured to the upper surface ofthe direct bearing element; for undercut and sleeve anchorsmeasured to the bottom of the expansion mechanism; forexpansion anchors measured to the farthest point of
23、 contactbetween the expansion mechanism and surrounding mate-rial.elongation, nincrease in length of the anchor under loadingresulting from axial strain of the anchor material.embedment depth, ndistance measured from the surface ofthe base material to the farthest point of the embedded endof the anc
24、hor. For torque-controlled expansion anchors, themeasurement is performed before torque is applied.expansion anchor, npost-installed anchor that derives itscapacity predominately from frictional forces generated bymechanical expansion of the anchor against sides of hole.expansion sleeve, nouter part
25、 of expansion anchor, which isforced outward by its center part as a result of applied torqueor impact, to bear against the sides of the predrilled hole.failure mode, nfailure mechanism during load application toanchor.fastener, nsee anchor.fatigue test, ntest involving repeated loading cycles, usua
26、llyin excess of2106cycles.fixture, nsee attachment.flush installation, nanchor that is installed so that its top isflush with the surface of the structural member and does notprotrude beyond the surface.follow-up expansion, nmovement of an expansion anchorduring tension loading, whereby the expansio
27、n sleeve re-mains stationary and further expands as the anchor bodymoves axially in response to the load application.gel time, nthe time after mixing at which an adhesive beginsto increase in viscosity and becomes resistant to flow.grout, npourable mixture of a cementitious or polymericbinder and wa
28、ter, possibly also containing fine aggregates,coarse aggregates, or both.grouted anchor, nanchor installed in the base material usinggrout.hairline crack, na crack in an unloaded test memberresulting from tension loading of the member.DISCUSSIONHairline cracks in test members are required for quali-
29、fication testing of anchor systems where anchors are installed inhairline cracks. They are created by loading a test member in tension tocreate a crack and then removing the tension which results in the crackclosing to hairline width.insert, npre-designed and prefabricated cast-in-place orpost-insta
30、lled anchors specifically designed for the attach-ment of bolted or slotted connections.installation torque, nspecified torque applied to an anchorduring its installation.linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), na de-vice for measuring movements that utilize a sliding corewithin a variable
31、magnetic field.DISCUSSIONSome units are powered with alternating current andrequire external modulators, while others are powered with directcurrent and have built-in modulators.load-controlled undercut anchor, na post-installed anchorthat derives its tensile holding strength by the mechanicalinterl
32、ock provided by installing the anchor by tensioning,which causes the sleeve to expand into the predrilledundercut.Manufacturers Printed Installation Instructions (MPII),ninstructions for correct anchor installation under allcovered installation conditions as approved and supplied inproduct packaging
33、 by the manufacturer of the anchor sys-tem.E2265 172minimum spacing, nminimum anchor spacing measuredcenterline to centerline, at which base material will not bedamaged when multiple anchors are set.post-installed anchor, nan anchor that is installed after theplacement and hardening of the base mate
34、rial.DISCUSSIONExamples include expansion, undercut, screw, grouted,and adhesive anchors.prestressing force, naxial force in anchor resulting fromsetting or torquing of anchor or nut.pullout failure, na failure mode in which the entire anchorpulls out of the base material without a fracture of the a
35、nchormaterial, or without a breakout failure at the effectiveembedment depth.DISCUSSIONThe anchor may displace toward the surface, resultingin a shallow breakout failure at a load that may not be consistentlyrepeatable.pull-through failure, na failure mode in which the anchorbody pulls through the e
36、xpansion mechanism without devel-opment of the full breakout capacity.relaxation, nreduction in anchor prestress and associatedclamping force over time.run-out, na condition in which failure does not occur withinthe specified number of load cycles in a fatigue test.screw anchor, na post-installed an
37、chor that is an externallythreaded mechanical fastener installed in a pre-drilled hole.The anchor derives its capacity from the mechanical inter-lock of the fastener threads with the grooves cut into the basematerial during the anchor installation.seismic test, ntest that applies load cycles of vary
38、ingmagnitude and frequency to an anchorage system for thepurpose of simulating a seismic event (earthquake).shear test, napplication of load perpendicular to anchor oranchor axis and parallel to and at the surface of the basematerial.shelf life, nrecommended time that adhesive materials maybe stored
39、 before degradation may begin.shock test, ntest that simulates shock loads applied to ananchorage system using an external load of short duration.slip, ndisplacement of an anchor with respect to the sur-rounding base material.spacing sleeve, nsleeve that encases a portion of the anchorshaft but does
40、 not expand.splitting failure, na failure mode in which the base materialfractures along a plane passing through the axis of the anchoror anchors.standoff installation, nanchorage assembly in which theattachment is secured at a distance from the surface of thebase material.static load, nload conditi
41、on not involving significant inertialforce.static test, na test involving only static loads.steel failure, nfailure mode characterized by fracture of theanchor steel.stop-drill, ndrill bit equipped with a drill stop that ensuresattaining a predetermined hole depth.sustained load, ntension load appli
42、ed to an anchor over adefined period of time.tensile test, napplication of tensile force concentric with theanchor axis.test member, nthe base material in which the anchor isinstalled and which resists forces from the anchor.test series, na group of identical anchors tested underidentical conditions
43、.torque-controlled adhesive-bonded anchor, nan adhesiveanchor employing an anchor element designed to generateexpansion forces in response to tension loading.DISCUSSIONTypically the application of torque is employed toovercome the initial adhesion between the anchor element and theadhesive at a resu
44、ltant tension load significantly less than that requiredto disrupt the adhesive-base material bond. Displacement of the anchorelement relative to the adhesive in response to the tension load servesto generate expansion forces normal to the hole wall, further increasingthe load transfer capability of
45、 the adhesive-base material interface.Subsequent application of external tension loads beyond the initialpreload results in further displacement of the anchor element andincreased expansion forces.torque-controlled expansion anchor, na post-installed ex-pansion anchor that derives its holding streng
46、th from theexpansion of one or more sleeves or other elements againstthe sides of the drilled hole through the application of torque,which pulls the cone(s) into the expansion sleeve(s). Aftersetting, tensile loading can cause additional expansion(follow-up expansion).unconfined tension test, ntest
47、setup such that the testsupports are spaced a suitable distance from the anchor toallow for unrestricted development of a conical fracturesurface of the base material.uncracked concrete, nfor testing purposes, a concrete testmember having no noticeable cracks in the anchor vicinityprior to the insta
48、llation and loading of anchors.undercut anchor, na post-installed anchor that derives itsholding strength by the mechanical interlock provided byundercutting of the concrete, achieved either by a specialtool or by the anchor itself during installation.3. Keywords3.1 anchor; concrete; definition; fas
49、tener; masonry; termi-nologyE2265 173RELATED MATERIALE488/E488M Test Methods for Strength of Anchors in Concrete Ele-ments2E631 Terminology of Building Constructions2E1190 Test Methods for Strength of Power-Actuated Fasteners Installedin Structural Members2E1512 Test Methods for Testing Bond Performance of BondedAnchors2This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Yo
