1、Designation: E 2267 04An American National StandardStandard Guide forSpecifying and Evaluating Performance of Single FamilyAttached and Detached DwellingsIndoor Air Quality1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2267; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis standard guide is part of a set which together pre
3、sents a complete performance standard guidefor specifying and evaluating single family attached and detached dwellings. The complete set in theseries, when finished, is to include the attributes given in Table 1.The series provides a framework for specifying and evaluating qualities of building prod
4、ucts andsystems to meet user needs without limiting ways and means. The format for this standard guideincludes performance statements that consist of four components, Objectives-Criteria-Evaluation-Commentary (O-C-E-C), which together provide a systematic performance based approach for theintended p
5、urpose. These performance statements are presented in Section 8 against a Hierarchy ofBuilding Elements as tabulated in Table 2.The purpose of these standard guides is to provide a standardized system for describing performanceparameters of single-family attached or detached dwellings. This system s
6、tandardizes the descriptionsof performance of a single-family dwelling, attached or detached, that can be expressed asperformance statements (O-C-E-C) for a particular attribute, agent, and user need.These standard guides are intended for use by those who need to prescribe required levels ofperforma
7、nce and those who need to rate a product which forms a single-family dwelling or partthereof. The standard guides include examples of performance statements that may be used for thespecification and evaluation of design, materials, products, components, subsystems, and systems.1. Scope1.1 This guide
8、 contains suggested performance statementsfor single family residential buildings (attached and detached)that address indoor air quality performance including indoor airpollution and thermal comfort. These performance statementsare not presented as proposed requirements, but are written inpermissive
9、 language as suggestions that can be used indeveloping specifications to satisfy user needs.1.2 This standard guide does not address other aspects of theindoor environment such as lighting and acoustics.1.3 Performance statements addressing building ventilationand ventilation rates are also included
10、 in the standard, since itis premature to base performance only on indoor air pollution,that is, airborne contaminant concentrations. When healthauthorities have established contaminant concentration limitsfor residential environments, it may be possible to defineindoor air quality performance in te
11、rms of contaminant con-centrations rather than ventilation.1.4 This standard guide is one in a series of guides contain-ing performance statements for residential buildings that areintended for use in the procurement, specification and evalua-tion of one- and two-family dwellings. These companionsta
12、ndard guides include those noted in the Introduction above.1.5 This standard guide also addresses a number of residen-tial indoor air quality issues that can not be expressed asperformance statements at this time. However, they are impor-tant enough to include in this guide to at least raise theawar
13、eness of those involved in the process of procurement,specification and evaluation. These issues are addressed in 8.3.1.6 This standard guide does not include site planningobjectives. However, certain issues addressing the relationshipof building to site have been covered, and it is important thatth
14、ese few objectives not be construed as a comprehensive sitespecification.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25 on WholeBuildings and Facilities.Current edition approved Oct 1, 2004. Published Oct
15、ober 2004. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 2267 03.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wi
16、th its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmosphere
17、sD5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsE 241 Practices for Increasing Durability of Building Con-structions Against Water-Induced DamageE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 779 Test Method for Determining Air Leak
18、age Rate byFan PressurizationE 1465 Guide for Radon Control Options for the Designand Construction of New Low Rise Residential BuildingsE 1554 Test Methods for Determining ExternalAir Leakageof Air Distribution Systems by Fan PressurizationE 1998 Guide for Assessing Depressurization-InducedBackdraft
19、ing and Spillage from Vented Combustion Appli-ancesE 2151 Terminology of Guides for Specifying and Evaluat-ing Performance of Single Family and Detached DwellingsE 2156 Guide for Evaluating Economic Performance ofAlternative Designs, Systems, and Materials in Compli-ance with Performance Standard Gu
20、ides for Single-FamilyAttached and Detached Dwellings2.2 ASHRAE Standards:3ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook 20012For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan
21、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329.TABLE 1 Attributes Addressed in the Series of PerformanceStandards for Single Family Attached and Detache
22、d DwellingsA Structural Safety and ServiceabilityB Fire SafetyC Accident SafetyD Health and HygieneE Indoor Air QualityF LightG AcousticsH DurabilityI AccessibilityJ SecurityK EconomicsL FunctionalityM AestheticsN AdaptabilityO MaintainabilityP SustainabilityTABLE 2 Hierarchy of Building Elements In
23、cluded in the Seriesof Performance Standards for Single Family Attached andDetached Dwellings0. Whole Building System0.1 All Building Subsystems0.2 Groups of Building Subsystems1. Spaces1.1 Entries1.2 Living Spaces1.3 Dining Spaces1.4 Kitchens1.5 Sleeping Spaces1.6 Bathrooms1.7 Water Closets1.8 Outd
24、oor Living Spaces1.9 Storage Spaces1.10 Other2. Structure2.1 Foundation2.2 Superstructure3. Exterior Enclosure3.1 Grade Enclosure3.1.1 Floor on Grade3.1.2 Floor over Air Space3.1.3 Other3.2 Vertical and Sloped Enclosure3.2.1 Walls3.2.2 Windows3.2.3 Doors3.2.4 Other (e.g., railings, louvers, screens,
25、 etc.)3.3 Roofs3.3.1 Roof Coverings3.3.2 Skylights3.3.3 Other Roof Openings3.4 Joint Sealants4. Interior Space Division4.1 Vertical Space Dividers4.1.1 Partitions4.1.2 Doors4.1.3 Other4.2 Horizontal Space Dividers4.2.1 Floors4.2.2 Ceilings4.2.3 Floor/Ceiling Openings4.2.4 Other4.3 Stairs and Ramps5.
26、 Plumbing5.1 Plumbing Fixtures5.2 Domestic Water Distribution5.3 Sanitary Waste5.4 Rain Water Drainage6. HVAC6.1 Heating6.1.1 Heating Generation6.1.2 Heating Distribution6.1.3 Heating Terminal and Package Units6.1.4 Heating Controls and Instrumentation6.2 Cooling6.2.1 Cooling Generation6.2.2 Cooling
27、 Distribution6.2.3 Cooling Terminal and Package Units6.2.4 Cooling Controls and Instrumentation6.3 Ventilation6.3.1 Ventilation Distribution6.3.2 Ventilation Terminal and Package Units6.3.4 Ventilation Controls and Instrumentation7. Fire Protection Subsystems7.1 Suppression Systems7.2 Detection Syst
28、ems7.3 Notification Systems7.4 Fire Protection Specialties8. Electrical Network8.1 Electrical Service and Distribution8.2 Lighting and Branch WiringE2267042ASHRAE Standard 52.2 Method of Testing General Venti-lation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency byParticle SizeASHRAE Standard 55 Therma
29、l Environmental Conditionsfor Human OccupancyASHRAE Standard 62 Ventilation for Acceptable IndoorAir QualityASHRAE Standard 111 Practices for Measurement, Testing,Adjusting, and Balancing of Building Heating, Ventila-tion, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration SystemsASHRAE Standard 129 Measuring Air
30、Change Effective-nessASHRAE Standard 136 A Method of Determining AirChange Rates in Detached Dwellings2.3 Other Standards:ICC International Fuel Gas Code4ISO 7730 Moderate Thermal Environments, Determinationof the PMV and PPD Indices and Specification of theConditions for Thermal Comfort5NFPA 54 Nat
31、ional Fuel Gas Code6NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code62.4 Other References:Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability(BEES) 3.0,7EPA, 1992, Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Mea-surement Device Protocols, EPA 402-R-92-0048International Residential Code, 20034Moisture Con
32、trol in Buildings, ASTM Manual Series, MNL18, 19942MOIST: A PC Program for Predicting Heat and MoistureTransfer in Building Envelopes. Version 3.0. NIST SP9177ORNL/CON-295 Builders Foundation Handbook, 199193. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this stan-dard guide refer to T
33、erminologies E 631, D 1356, and E 2151.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 commentary, nthe fourth part of a performancestatement, consisting of an informative narrative explainingaspects of the performance statement.3.2.1.1 DiscussionA commentary may include one ormore of the f
34、ollowing: an explanation of how the objectiverelates to user needs in fields such as physiology, psychology,and culture or tradition; an explanation of how the criteria areestablished including guides for setting different levels ofperformance to meet various user needs; a discussion of thereliabili
35、ty of the evaluation method; and example solutions thatmay be deemed by the specifier to comply with the perfor-mance statement.3.2.2 criteria, nthe second part of a performance state-ment, consisting of quantitative statements defining the level orrange of performance necessary to meet an objective
36、 or, wheresuch a level or range cannot be established, the units ofmeasurement of the performance.3.2.3 evaluation, nthe third part of a performance state-ment, consisting of the method(s) of assessing conformance ofthe element being addressed to the criteria.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe evaluation states
37、standards, in-spection methods, review procedures, historical documenta-tion, test methods, in-use performance, engineering analyses,models, or other means that may be used in assessing whetheror not a criterion has been satisfied.3.2.4 indoor air pollution, nthe level of air pollution in anenclosed
38、 environment.3.2.4.1 DiscussionBased on the definition of air pollutionin D 1356, indoor air pollution relates to the concentrations ofunwanted material in the air.3.2.5 indoor air quality, nthe composition and character-istics of the air in an enclosed space that affect the occupants ofthat space.3
39、.2.5.1 DiscussionThe indoor air quality of a space isdetermined by the level of indoor air pollution and othercharacteristics of the air, including those that impact thermalcomfort such as air temperature, relative humidity, and airspeed.3.2.6 specifier, nthe individual or organization using thestan
40、dard guides to create specifications and ultimately acceptdwelling designs, materials, products, components, sub-systems, or buildings to be provided by providers.3.2.7 thermal comfort, nthe condition of mind that ex-presses satisfaction with the thermal environment; it requiressubjective evaluation
41、.3.2.8 user need, na statement of the activities and behav-ior to be carried out in relation to the dwelling by its residents,or other users, defined in terms of motor, kinetic, physiological,psychological, emotional and other parameters of humanbehavior.3.2.9 ventilation, nthe process of supplying
42、outdoor air orremoving indoor air by natural or mechanical means to or fromany space.4Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 22041.5Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211,
43、Geneva 20, Switzerland.6Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.7Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 3460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-3460.8Available from United States Environmental Prote
44、ction Association (EPA),Ariel Rios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460.9Available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), P.O. Box 2008, OakRidge, TN 37831.TABLE 2 (continued)9. Communication and Security Networks9.1 Telephone9.2 Intercom9.3 Television9.4 Security9.5 Other10.
45、Fuel Networks10.1 Gas10.2 Oil10.3 Other11. Fittings, Furnishings and EquipmentE22670434. Significance and Use4.1 General Purpose and Intent:4.1.1 This standard guide is to provide a standardizedsystem for describing performance parameters of single-familyattached and detached dwellings. The use of c
46、onsensus perfor-mance standards for housing, can significantly contribute to theremoval of barriers to the acceptance of traditional andinnovative housing products and systems in the global market-place. This standard guide in conjunction with the balance ofthe set of standard guides can also serve
47、to improve commu-nications between producers and consumers leading to en-hanced quality and performance of housing.4.1.2 This standard guide, in conjunction with the balanceof the set of standard guides, will be useful to managers ofhousing procurement projects, homebuilders, designers, prod-uct man
48、ufacturers, and evaluation services.4.2 Indoor Air Quality Issues:4.2.1 The environment within a building impacts the healthof the building occupants and their satisfaction with the space.While this standard only addresses indoor air quality, thisaspect of the indoor environment is an important comp
49、onent ofa performance approach to residential buildings.4.2.2 The performance statements contained in this standardguide are relevant to the procurement of a range of builtelements related to the indoor environment, including but notlimited to the whole building, the exterior enclosure, HVACsubsystems, local exhaust subsystems, other ventilation sub-systems and their components, filtration and air cleaningsubsystems, and building materials and furnishings.5. Aspects of Indoor Air Quality Performance5.1 The quality of the air within a dwelling has multiplecharacterist
