1、Designation: E2279 15Standard Practice forEstablishing the Guiding Principles of Property AssetManagement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the creation of a set of guidingprinciples to be applied to the practice of property manage-ment. These
3、 principles will enunciate the objectives and intentof the property (also known as “asset”) managementcommunity, stress simplified procedures, promote less ratherthan more, judgment rather than “by-the-book” decisions, andencourage the adoption of “best practices.”1.2 The acceptance of these guiding
4、 principles has thepotential to foster a problem-solving mentality within theproperty management community, encourage the use of inno-vative and cost-effective practices, create greater commonalitybetween government and industry practices, and increase theability of organizations to respond to chang
5、ing needs andbusiness conditions.1.3 The potential economic and practical benefits of oper-ating in a manner consistent with a set of guidelines outweighconcerns about the loss of predictability, uniformity, andconsistency.1.4 The intent of this practice is to provide property man-agement guidance f
6、or tangible personal property; however,many of the principles appropriately apply to other types ofproperty.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E2131 Practice forAddressing and Reporting Loss, Damage,or Destruction of Tangible PropertyE2132 Practice for Inventory Verification: Electronic andP
7、hysical Inventory of AssetsE2135 Terminology for Property and Asset Management2.2 Federal Standards:3Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB)Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Concepts 1:Objectives of Federal Financial ReportingFederal Acquisition RegulationsFederal Management Regu
8、lationsPublic Law 107-217 Codified as “Title 40 of the U.S.Code”4Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Title 15, Section 78m(b)(2)(A)Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Account-ing Bulletin No. 99, Materiality (1999)2.3 Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Docu-ments:5ASC 360 Property, Plant,
9、and EquipmentPrior to recodi-fication guidance contained in FASB 144FASB 144 Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal ofLong-Lived AssetsFASB Statement Concepts No. 2 Qualitative Characteristicsof Accounting Information3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to property andasset manag
10、ement, refer to Terminology E2135.3.1.1 acquisition cost, npurchase price paid for propertyand any appropriate subsequent improvements to it. Includescash paid or fair value received and material amounts ofpreparation cost such as inspection, testing, and installation.3.1.2 agency, ngovernment organ
11、ization, regardless oflevel (federal, state, or local).1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E53 on AssetManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E53.01 on ProcessManagement.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 2
12、003. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2279 09. DOI:10.1520/E2279-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
13、the ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4Previously known as the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of1949.5Available from Financial Accounting St
14、andards Board (FASB), 401 Merritt 7,Norwalk, CT 06856-5116, http:/www.fasb.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.3 best value, nexpected outcome of an action, in theentitys estimation, which provides the greatest ove
15、rall benefit.Federal Acquisition Regulations63.1.4 care and handling, nincludes the costs ofcompleting, repairing, converting, rehabilitating, operating,preparing, preserving, protecting, insuring, packing, storing,conserving, and transporting of property, andin the case ofproperty that is dangerous
16、 to public health, safety, andsecuritydestroying or rendering the property useless for itsoriginal purpose.3.1.5 company, na for-profit organization.3.1.6 entity, nan agency, institution, or organization, orany component thereof.3.1.7 excess propertyproperty no longer required by theowning entity.3.
17、1.8 expendable property, nitems that may be expended,used up in service, also items that may be more easily, safely,and economically replaced than applying significant efforts andresources to rescue, salvage, maintain, control, or protect.3.1.8.1 DiscussionThe timing and level of control iscircumsta
18、ntial. Examples in a production environment mayinclude drill bits and grinding wheels. As an adjective, able tobe sacrificed to achieve an objective, especially a military one.3.1.9 institution, na not-for-profit, nongovernmentalorganization. Federal Acquisition Regulations3.1.10 impairment or impai
19、rments, nis a condition thatexists when the carrying amount of a long-lived asset (assetgroup) exceeds its fair value. FASB 1443.1.10.1 DiscussionAn impairment loss shall be recog-nized only if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset (assetgroup) is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. Anim
20、pairment loss shall be measured as the amount by which thecarrying amount of a long-lived asset (asset group) exceeds itfair value.3.1.11 materiality, nmagnitude of an omission or mis-statement of accounting data that misleads financial statementreaders or decision makers; materiality is judged both
21、 byrelative amount and by the nature of the item.3.1.11.1 DiscussionFor example, even a small theft by thepresident of a company is material. If an item is material, itshould be disclosed in the body of the financial statements orfootnotes (Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Ac-counting Bullet
22、in). In determining whether items or amounts ofcost are material or immaterial, the following quantitative andqualitative criteria should be considered where appropriate butno one criterion is necessarily determinative: (1) the absolutedollar amount involved, (2) the relationship between a costitem/
23、occurrence and a cost objective, (3 ) the criticality of anitem in terms of importance or use, (4) the cumulative impactof individually immaterial items, and (5) the cost of adminis-trative processing (Federal Acquisition Regulations).3.1.12 personal propertyproperty owned or subject toownership oth
24、er than real estate, includes items determined tobe non-real estate moveable property.3.1.13 property managementmonitoring and control func-tion charged with assuring that organizational processes relatedto the lifecycle management of property support organizationobjectives represent sound business
25、practice and are compliantwith applicable regulations, contract requirements, standards,and policies.3.1.14 property management system, nsubset of existingorganizational processes related to the lifecycle management ofproperty.3.1.14.1 DiscussionThese processes represent sound prac-tice and are comp
26、liant with applicable standards, policies,regulations, and contractual requirements.3.1.15 reasonable detail and reasonable assurance, nthatlevel of detail and assurance as would satisfy a prudent andknowledgeable asset manager.Securities Exchange Act of 19343.1.16 sensitive items, nitems for which
27、under theconditions, circumstances and regardless of value, there is areasonable and worthwhile need for an enhanced level ofsecurity, accountability, and control.3.1.17 surplus personal property, nany excess personalproperty not required for the needs and discharge of responsi-bilities of any entit
28、y.4. Significance and Use4.1 The intent of these principles is to provide guidance foran effective and efficient system for (1) the acquisition ofpersonal property, (2) the utilization of available personalproperty, and (3) the disposal of personal property (Pub-lic Law 107-217).4.2 Historically, pr
29、operty management practices have oftenreflected organizational or management processes that did notreflect “best practices.”4.3 One of the greatest challenges facing property managersis how to ensure that overly detailed and costly practices usedor proposed for the oversight of property assets are n
30、ot adoptedas representing “best practices” or established as an operatingpolicy.4.4 Property management practices shall seek, when viewedin totality, to be effective and efficient, to the point at whichbenefits exceed the costs of operation.4.5 Often the key property management functions are basedon
31、 compliance with quantitative measures and, therefore,compliance with “process” has become more important thanthe goals that property management systems should seek toachieve.5. Management of Property5.1 Entities shall establish internal controls, policies,processes, and management systems for the a
32、cquisition, use,and disposal of property.6The definition of the term best value is adapted from Federal Acquisi-tion Regulations, Part 2.1: Definitions of Words and Terms, available online fromhttp:/farsite.hill.af.mil, 13 November 2014.E2279 1525.2 Entities shall devise and maintain a system of int
33、ernalcontrols sufficient to provide reasonable assurances of achiev-ing: (1) effective and efficient operations, (2) reliablereportingincluding financial and performance, and (3) com-pliance with applicable laws and regulations. This includes:transactions are executed in accordance with managementsg
34、eneral or specific authorization; transactions are recorded asnecessary in conformity with generally accepted accountingprinciples; access is limited; and the recorded accountabilityfor property assets is compared with existing assets at reason-able intervals and appropriate action is taken with res
35、pect toany differences (Securities Exchange Act of 1934).5.3 The maintenance of adequate property records is afundamental responsibility of entities.5.4 Property management and accountability books andrecords shall be kept in reasonable detail that accurately andfairly reflects the transactions and
36、dispositions of the propertyof the owner or owners agent (Securities Ex-change Act of 1934).5.5 Property management activities should strive for andadopt best-in-class management practices and integrated man-agement systems that are expected to withstand internal andexternal audit.5.6 Property manag
37、ement systems will be designed todeliver on a timely basis the “best value” product to theorganization and its customers, while preserving the confi-dence of internal and external stakeholders.5.7 The degree to which property is controlled and the costsof control shall be commensurate with the pract
38、ical conse-quences of a shortage (non-availability of the property),criticality of an items loss, and expendability considerations.5.8 Property management officials are to exercise personalinitiative and sound business judgment in providing the “bestvalue” services to meet the organizations needs.5.
39、9 Property management officials may assume that if aspecific strategy, practice, policy, or procedure is in the bestinterest of the agency, company, institution, and stakeholdersand is not addressed in operating policies, a consensus standardnor prohibited by law, executive order or other regulation
40、, thataction, in accordance with the strategy, practice, policy, orprocedure, is an acceptable exercise of responsibility andauthority.5.10 For purposes of financial accounting, all propertyshould be identified as a capital expenditure, held in futureinventory, or as an operating expense.5.11 The pr
41、ocess of performing a physical inventory ofproperty is an audit of record accuracy and is a vital part ofproperty control. Inventory processes should fulfill intendedpurposes and be consistent with directions of the owner,contracts, or generally accepted accounting principles.5.12 Entities shall mai
42、ntain adequate records accountabilitysystems for property under its control in accordance withPractice E2132, contracts, and applicable generally acceptedaccounting requirements.5.13 Agencies, companies, and institutions should ensurethat record control systems identify the relevant economic andphys
43、ical characteristics of property that have a service life inexcess of two years and has sufficient value established byindividual federal agencies or owners.5.14 Property management systems and practices shall seekto be effective and efficient based on specific desired outcomeswith the use of proces
44、s-oriented metrics that encourage im-proved performance.5.15 Property management systems should be establishedwith clear, direct lines of authority and organizational account-ability for performance and stewardship.5.16 Impairments to property under the responsibilitiesassigned to or delegated to ma
45、nagers shall be recorded andreported to the owner(s) as they occur.5.17 Reports of property related information should beusefulparticularly to decision makers. Reports should reflectthe qualitative characteristics of good reporting: relevance,reliability, comparability, and consistency; each subject
46、 to theconstraints of materiality and costs and benefits (refer toFASB Statement Concepts No. 2 and Federal Account-ing Standards Advisory Board).5.18 Property management personnel should be hired,educated, trained, and supervised to perform property manage-ment tasks and functions in a competent ma
47、nner.6. Utilization of Property6.1 Property management and accounting should be per-formed in accordance with existing applicable and relevantconsensus standards (Federal Acquisition Regulations).6.2 Entities shall have programs to seek the best value in thelong term for use and maintenance of prope
48、rty.6.3 Property management and accounting books and recordsshall be kept in reasonable detail that affords reasonableassurance that the system accurately reflects the transactionsand dispositions of property of the owner (Securities Ex-change Act of 1934).6.4 All controlled property should be recei
49、ved and recordsestablished, maintained, and marked to denote the level ofcontrol, ownership, and other information that fulfills theorganizations objectives.6.5 An entity shall survey property under its control toidentify and report excess property (Public Law 107-217).6.6 Administrative controls should be established based onfacts, circumstances, experience, and inventory record accu-racy. Property subject to these controls should be assessedbased on the economic contributive value and risk assessmentsrather than just acquisition costs,6.7 In est
