1、Designation: E 2319 04Standard Test Method forDetermining Air Flow Through the Face and Sides ofExterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under SpecifiedPressure Differences Across the Specimen1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2319; the number immediately following the designat
2、ion indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is a modified ve
3、rsion of Test MethodE 283, and provides a standard laboratory procedure fordetermining air leakage separately through the face and sidesof exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specifieddifferential pressure conditions across the specimen. The testmethod described is for tests with consta
4、nt temperature andhumidity across the specimen.NOTE 1Detailing buildings with continuous air barriers requires thatthe air barrier plane in a window system be clearly defined. When specialcircumstances dictate that the air barrier be sealed to the window frame ata location other than that used to se
5、al the specimen to the test chamber inthis test method, additional laboratory testing may be required to clarifypotential paths of air flow through the sides of the window frame. Theadapted testing procedure described herein is intended for this purpose.1.2 This laboratory procedure is applicable to
6、 exteriorwindows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measureonly such leakage associated with the assembly and not theinstallation. The test method can be adapted for the latterpurpose.NOTE 2Performing tests at non-ambient conditions or with a tem-perature differential across the specimen m
7、ay affect the air leakage rate.This is not addressed by this test method.1.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Personsinterested in performing field air leakage tests on installed unitsshould reference Test Method E 783. Test Method E 783 willnot provide the user with a means of deter
8、mining air flowthrough the sides of tested specimens.1.4 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeablein the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, andshall have a general understanding of fenestration products andcomponents.1.5 Throughout this test method, SI units are listed f
9、irst inaccordance with E06 metric policy, and shall be considered theprimary units. Non-SI units are provided in parenthesis forreference purposes.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this sta
10、ndard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatement see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 283 Test Method for Determining Rate of Air LeakageThrough Exterior Windows, Cu
11、rtain Walls, and DoorsUnder Specified Pressure DifferencesAcross the SpecimenE 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 783 Test Method for Field Measurement of Air LeakageThrough Installed Exterior Windows and Doors3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this standard are defined inTerminology
12、 E 631.3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air leakage rate through the face of the specimen(qA(f)or qlc(f), L/(sm2) (ft3/minft2), or L/(sm) (ft3/minft)the air leakage through the face of the specimen per unit ofspecimen area (A) or per unit length of operable crackperimeter (l
13、c).3.2.2 air leakage rate through the face and sides of thespecimen (qA(fs), L/(sm2) (ft3/minft2)the air leakagethrough the face and sides of the specimen per unit of specimenarea (A).3.2.3 air leakage rate through the sides of the specimen(qA(s)or qlf(s), L/(sm2) (ft3/minft2), or L/(sm) (ft3/minft)
14、the air leakage through the sides of the specimen per unit ofspecimen area (A) or per unit length of outside perimeter ofspecimen frame (lf).3.2.4 air leakage through the face of the specimen (Qs(f),L/s (ft3/min)the volume of air flowing per unit of time1This test method is under the jurisdiction of
15、 ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights, and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcont
16、act ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.through the face of th
17、e test specimen under a test pressuredifference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-dard conditions.3.2.5 air leakage through the face and sides of the specimen(Qs(fs), L/s (ft3/min)the volume of air flowing per unit oftime through the face and sides of the test specimen under a testp
18、ressure difference and test temperature difference, convertedto standard conditions.3.2.6 air leakage through the sides of the specimen (Qs(s),L/s (ft3/min)the volume of air flowing per unit of timethrough the sides of the test specimen under a test pressuredifference and test temperature difference
19、, converted to stan-dard conditions.3.2.6.1 DiscussionAir leakage through the sides of theframe (Qs(s) is provided to inform specifiers of the potentialleakage through the specimen at the window surrounds. Theactual amount of leakage through the sides of the framedepends on the positioning of the se
20、alants, flashings and airbarriers relative to the frame.3.2.7 extraneous air leakage (Qe), L/s (ft3/min)the vol-ume of air flowing per unit of time through the test chamberand test apparatus, exclusive of the air flowing through the testspecimen, under a test pressure difference and test temperature
21、difference, converted to standard conditions.3.2.7.1 DiscussionExtraneous leakage is the sum of allleakage other than that intended to be measured by the test.3.2.8 specimenthe entire assembled unit submitted fortest as described in Section 8.3.2.9 specimen area (A), m2(ft2)the area determined bythe
22、 overall dimensions of the frame that fits into the roughopening.3.2.10 standard test conditionsin this test method, dry airat:Pressure101.3 kPa (29.92 in. Hg)Temperature20.8C (69.4F)Air Density1.202 kg/m3(0.075 lb/ft3)3.2.11 test pressure differences, Pa (lbf/ft2)the specifieddifferential static ai
23、r pressure across the specimen.3.2.12 total air flow through face (Qt(f), L/s (ft3/min)thevolume of air flowing per unit of time through the test chamberand test apparatus, inclusive of the air flowing through the faceof the test specimen but exclusive of the air flowing through thesides of the spec
24、imen, under a test pressure difference and testtemperature difference, converted to standard conditions.3.2.13 total air flow through face and sides (Qt(fs), L/s(ft3/min)the volume of air flowing per unit of time throughthe test chamber and test apparatus, inclusive of the air flowingthrough the fac
25、e and sides of the test specimen, under a testpressure difference and test temperature difference, convertedto standard conditions.3.2.14 total air flow through sides (Qt(s), L/s (ft3/min)thevolume of air flowing per unit of time through the test chamberand test apparatus, inclusive of the air flowi
26、ng through thesides of the test specimen but exclusive of the air flowingthrough the face of the specimen, under a test pressuredifference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-dard conditions.3.2.15 unit length of operable crack perimeter (lc), m(ft)the sum of all perimeters of operabl
27、e ventilators, sash, ordoors contained in the test specimen, based on the overalldimensions of such parts. Where two such operable parts meetthe two adjacent lengths of perimeter shall be counted as onlyone length.3.2.16 unit length of outside perimeter of specimen frame(lf), m (ft)the perimeter of
28、the test specimen, measured at theedge of the outer frame.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test consists of sealing the interior and exterior of atest specimen into or against one face of an air chamber,supplying air to or exhausting air from the chamber at the raterequired to maintain the specified
29、 test pressure differenceacross the specimen, and measuring the resultant air flowthrough the face and sides of the specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determiningthe air flow characteristics of various components of thewindow system under specified air p
30、ressure differences atambient conditions.NOTE 3The air pressure differences acting across a building envelopevary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and theimplications or the resulting air leakage relative to the environment withinbuildings are discussed in the literature.3,4,5
31、These factors should be fullyconsidered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparisonpurposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless thecomponents being tested and compared are of essentially thesame size, configuration, and desi
32、gn.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of the apparatus in this section isgeneral in nature. Any suitable arrangement of equipmentcapable of maintaining the required test tolerances is permitted.6.2 Test ChamberA well sealed box, wall, or other appa-ratus into or against which the specimen is mounted an
33、dsecured for testing. An air supply shall be provided to allow apositive or negative pressure differential to be applied acrossthe specimen without significant extraneous losses. The cham-ber shall be capable of withstanding the differential testpressures that may be encountered in this procedure. A
34、t leastone static air pressure tap shall be provided on each side of thespecimen to measure the test pressure differences. The pressuretap shall be located in an area of the chamber in which pressurereadings will not be affected by any supply air. The air supplyopening to the chamber shall be locate
35、d in an area in which itdoes not directly impinge upon the test specimen.3Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1791 Tullie Circle N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329. ASHRAEHandbook of Fundamentals, 1989.4Fluid MetersTheir Theory and Application, 5th Edition
36、, 1959.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990. PowerTest Code, 2nd Edition, 1956, Part 5, Chapter 4, “Flow Measurements.”E23190426.2.1 Supply Air SystemA controllable blower, exhaustfan, or reversible
37、blower designed to provide the required airflow at the specified test pressure difference.The system shouldprovide essentially constant air flow at the specified testpressure difference for a time period sufficient to obtainreadings of air flow.6.2.2 Pressure Measuring ApparatusA device to measureth
38、e differential test pressures to 62 % of setpoint or 62.5 Pa(60.01 in. of water column), whichever is greater.6.2.3 Air Flow Metering SystemA device to measure theair flow into the test chamber or through the test specimen.7. Hazards7.1 PrecautionGlass breakage may occur at the testpressure differen
39、ces applied in this test. Adequate precautionsshould be taken to protect personnel.8. Test Specimen8.1 The test specimen for a wall shall be of sufficient size todetermine the performance of all typical parts of the wallsystem. For curtain walls or walls constructed with prefabri-cated units, the sp
40、ecimen width shall be not less than twotypical units plus the connections and supporting elements atboth sides, and sufficient to provide full loading on at least onetypical vertical joint or framing member, or both. The heightshall be not less than the full building story height or the heightof the
41、 unit, whichever is greater, and shall include at least onfull horizontal joint, accommodating vertical expansion, suchjoint being at or near the bottom of the specimen, as well as allconnections at top and bottom of the units.8.1.1 All parts of the wall test specimen shall be full sizeusing the sam
42、e materials, details, and methods of constructionand anchorage as used on the actual building.8.1.2 Conditions of structural support shall be simulated asaccurately as possible.8.2 The test specimen for a window, door, or other compo-nent shall consist of the entire assembled unit, including framean
43、d anchorage as supplied by the manufacturer for installationin the building. If only one specimen is to be tested theselection shall be determined by the specifying authority.NOTE 4The air leakage rate is likely to be a function of size andgeometry of the specimen.9. Calibration9.1 Calibration shall
44、 be performed by mounting a plywoodor similar rigid blank to the test chamber in place of a testspecimen, using the same mounting procedures as used forstandard specimens. The blank shall be 19 6 3mm(34 618in.) thick, with a 150-mm (6-in.) diameter hole(s) over whichNIST traceable orifice plates sha
45、ll be mounted. The blank shallbe attached to a minimum 140-mm (5-12 in.) deep (nominal 2by 6) pine test frame (buck) with dimensions of 1220 mm wideby 1830 mm high (4 ft wide by 6 ft high). The test frame andblank shall be sealed at all joints.9.2 Each NIST traceable orifice plate shall be construct
46、ed of3mm(18 in.) thick stainless steel having an outside diameterof 200 mm (8 in.) and interior square edge diameters of 25.40mm (1.000 in.), 38.10 mm (1.500 in.) and 50.80 mm (2.000in.).9.3 Fasten the orifice plate to the blank, centered over a150-mm (6-in.) diameter hole. Seal the hole in the orif
47、ice platewith a suitable adhesive tape so that an extraneous reading onthe air flow system can be obtained. Measure the amount ofsuch leakage with the orifice plate sealed, at the air pressuredifference to be applied during calibration. After determiningthe extraneous air leakage, remove the adhesiv
48、e tape from thehole in the orifice plate and repeat the process to determine thetotal measured flow.9.4 Calibration of the air leakage test equipment shallconsist of determining the flow through the air flow system tobe calibrated using all applicable orifice plate sizes for thedesign range of the f
49、low metering apparatus. The orifice plateto be used for each of the following air flow ranges is indicatedin the table.NOTE 5Three orifice plates are used to allow the air flow measuringequipment to be used for a variety of specimen sizes and chamber/wallsetups.Orifice PlateHole SizesNominalFlowDifferential PressureAcross Orifice Plate25.4mm(1.0in.) 3.47L/s(7.36ft3/min) 75 Pa (1.57 psf)38.1 mm (1.5 in.) 7.66 L/s (16.24 ft3/min) 75 Pa (1.57 psf)50.8 mm (2.0 in.) 13.64 L/s (28.90 ft3/min) 75 Pa (1.57 psf)NOTE 6At test pressures o
