1、Designation: E2319 04 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forDetermining Air Flow Through the Face and Sides ofExterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under SpecifiedPressure Differences Across the Specimen1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2319; the number immediately follow
2、ing the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method i
3、s a modified version of Test MethodE283, and provides a standard laboratory procedure for deter-mining air leakage separately through the face and sides ofexterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specifieddifferential pressure conditions across the specimen. The testmethod described is for t
4、ests with constant temperature andhumidity across the specimen.NOTE 1Detailing buildings with continuous air barriers requires thatthe air barrier plane in a window system be clearly defined. When specialcircumstances dictate that the air barrier be sealed to the window frame ata location other than
5、 that used to seal the specimen to the test chamber inthis test method, additional laboratory testing may be required to clarifypotential paths of air flow through the sides of the window frame. Theadapted testing procedure described herein is intended for this purpose.1.2 This laboratory procedure
6、is applicable to exteriorwindows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measureonly such leakage associated with the assembly and not theinstallation. The test method can be adapted for the latterpurpose.NOTE 2Performing tests at non-ambient conditions or with a tem-perature differential acros
7、s the specimen may affect the air leakage rate.This is not addressed by this test method.1.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Personsinterested in performing field air leakage tests on installed unitsshould reference Test Method E783. Test Method E783 will notprovide the user with a
8、means of determining air flow throughthe sides of tested specimens.1.4 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeablein the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, andshall have a general understanding of fenestration products andcomponents.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to
9、 be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsi
10、bility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatement see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E283 Test Method for Determining Rate of Air Leakag
11、eThrough Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and DoorsUnder Specified Pressure DifferencesAcross the SpecimenE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE783 Test Method for Field Measurement of Air LeakageThrough Installed Exterior Windows and Doors3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this standar
12、d are defined inTerminology E631.3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air leakage rate through the face of the specimen(qA(f)or qlc(f), L/(sm2) (ft3/minft2), or L/(sm) (ft3/minft)the air leakage through the face of the specimen per unit ofspecimen area (A) or per unit length of
13、operable crackperimeter (lc).3.2.2 air leakage rate through the face and sides of thespecimen (qA(fs), L/(sm2) (ft3/minft2)the air leakagethrough the face and sides of the specimen per unit of specimenarea (A).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildin
14、gs and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51on Performance of Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2319 04. DOI:10.1520/E2319-04R11.2For referen
15、ced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C
16、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 air leakage rate through the sides of the specimen(qA(s)or qlf(s), L/(sm2) (ft3/minft2), or L/(sm) (ft3/minft)the air leakage through the sides of the specimen per unit ofspecimen area (A) or per unit length of outside perimeter ofspecimen frame (lf).3
17、.2.4 air leakage through the face of the specimen (Qs(f),L/s (ft3/min)the volume of air flowing per unit of timethrough the face of the test specimen under a test pressuredifference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-dard conditions.3.2.5 air leakage through the face and sides of the
18、 specimen(Qs(fs), L/s (ft3/min)the volume of air flowing per unit oftime through the face and sides of the test specimen under a testpressure difference and test temperature difference, convertedto standard conditions.3.2.6 air leakage through the sides of the specimen (Qs(s),L/s (ft3/min)the volume
19、 of air flowing per unit of timethrough the sides of the test specimen under a test pressuredifference and test temperature difference, converted to stan-dard conditions.3.2.6.1 DiscussionAir leakage through the sides of theframe (Qs(s) is provided to inform specifiers of the potentialleakage throug
20、h the specimen at the window surrounds. Theactual amount of leakage through the sides of the framedepends on the positioning of the sealants, flashings and airbarriers relative to the frame.3.2.7 extraneous air leakage (Qe), L/s (ft3/min)the vol-ume of air flowing per unit of time through the test c
21、hamberand test apparatus, exclusive of the air flowing through the testspecimen, under a test pressure difference and test temperaturedifference, converted to standard conditions.3.2.7.1 DiscussionExtraneous leakage is the sum of allleakage other than that intended to be measured by the test.3.2.8 s
22、pecimenthe entire assembled unit submitted fortest as described in Section 8.3.2.9 specimen area (A), m2(ft2)the area determined bythe overall dimensions of the frame that fits into the roughopening.3.2.10 standard test conditionsin this test method, dry airat:Pressure101.3 kPa (29.92 in. Hg)Tempera
23、ture20.8C (69.4F)Air Density1.202 kg/m3(0.075 lb/ft3)3.2.11 test pressure differences, Pa (lbf/ft2)the specifieddifferential static air pressure across the specimen.3.2.12 total air flow through face (Qt(f), L/s (ft3/min)thevolume of air flowing per unit of time through the test chamberand test appa
24、ratus, inclusive of the air flowing through the faceof the test specimen but exclusive of the air flowing through thesides of the specimen, under a test pressure difference and testtemperature difference, converted to standard conditions.3.2.13 total air flow through face and sides (Qt(fs), L/s(ft3/
25、min)the volume of air flowing per unit of time throughthe test chamber and test apparatus, inclusive of the air flowingthrough the face and sides of the test specimen, under a testpressure difference and test temperature difference, convertedto standard conditions.3.2.14 total air flow through sides
26、 (Qt(s), L/s (ft3/min)thevolume of air flowing per unit of time through the test chamberand test apparatus, inclusive of the air flowing through thesides of the test specimen but exclusive of the air flowingthrough the face of the specimen, under a test pressuredifference and test temperature differ
27、ence, converted to stan-dard conditions.3.2.15 unit length of operable crack perimeter (lc), m(ft)the sum of all perimeters of operable ventilators, sash, ordoors contained in the test specimen, based on the overalldimensions of such parts. Where two such operable parts meetthe two adjacent lengths
28、of perimeter shall be counted as onlyone length.3.2.16 unit length of outside perimeter of specimen frame(lf), m (ft)the perimeter of the test specimen, measured at theedge of the outer frame.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test consists of sealing the interior and exterior of atest specimen into o
29、r against one face of an air chamber,supplying air to or exhausting air from the chamber at the raterequired to maintain the specified test pressure differenceacross the specimen, and measuring the resultant air flowthrough the face and sides of the specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test meth
30、od is a standard procedure for determiningthe air flow characteristics of various components of thewindow system under specified air pressure differences atambient conditions.NOTE 3The air pressure differences acting across a building envelopevary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differen
31、ces and theimplications or the resulting air leakage relative to the environment withinbuildings are discussed in the literature.3,4,5These factors should be fullyconsidered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparisonpurposes. Suc
32、h comparisons may not be valid unless thecomponents being tested and compared are of essentially thesame size, configuration, and design.6. Apparatus6.1 The description of the apparatus in this section isgeneral in nature. Any suitable arrangement of equipmentcapable of maintaining the required test
33、 tolerances is permitted.6.2 Test ChamberA well sealed box, wall, or other appa-ratus into or against which the specimen is mounted andsecured for testing. An air supply shall be provided to allow apositive or negative pressure differential to be applied acrossthe specimen without significant extran
34、eous losses. The cham-ber shall be capable of withstanding the differential test3ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, 1989.Available fromAmerican Societyof Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, http:/www.ashrae.org.4Fluid MetersT
35、heir Theory and Application, 5th Edition, 1959.5Power Test Code, 2nd Edition, Part 5, Chapter 4, “Flow Measurements,” 1956.Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.E2319 04 (2011)2pres
36、sures that may be encountered in this procedure. At leastone static air pressure tap shall be provided on each side of thespecimen to measure the test pressure differences. The pressuretap shall be located in an area of the chamber in which pressurereadings will not be affected by any supply air. Th
37、e air supplyopening to the chamber shall be located in an area in which itdoes not directly impinge upon the test specimen.6.2.1 Supply Air SystemA controllable blower, exhaustfan, or reversible blower designed to provide the required airflow at the specified test pressure difference.The system shou
38、ldprovide essentially constant air flow at the specified testpressure difference for a time period sufficient to obtainreadings of air flow.6.2.2 Pressure Measuring ApparatusA device to measurethe differential test pressures to 62 % of setpoint or 62.5 Pa(60.01 in. of water column), whichever is gre
39、ater.6.2.3 Air Flow Metering SystemA device to measure theair flow into the test chamber or through the test specimen.7. Hazards7.1 PrecautionGlass breakage may occur at the testpressure differences applied in this test. Adequate precautionsshould be taken to protect personnel.8. Test Specimen8.1 Th
40、e test specimen for a wall shall be of sufficient size todetermine the performance of all typical parts of the wallsystem. For curtain walls or walls constructed with prefabri-cated units, the specimen width shall be not less than twotypical units plus the connections and supporting elements atboth
41、sides, and sufficient to provide full loading on at least onetypical vertical joint or framing member, or both. The heightshall be not less than the full building story height or the heightof the unit, whichever is greater, and shall include at least onfull horizontal joint, accommodating vertical e
42、xpansion, suchjoint being at or near the bottom of the specimen, as well as allconnections at top and bottom of the units.8.1.1 All parts of the wall test specimen shall be full sizeusing the same materials, details, and methods of constructionand anchorage as used on the actual building.8.1.2 Condi
43、tions of structural support shall be simulated asaccurately as possible.8.2 The test specimen for a window, door, or other compo-nent shall consist of the entire assembled unit, including frameand anchorage as supplied by the manufacturer for installationin the building. If only one specimen is to b
44、e tested theselection shall be determined by the specifying authority.NOTE 4The air leakage rate is likely to be a function of size andgeometry of the specimen.9. Calibration9.1 Calibration shall be performed by mounting a plywoodor similar rigid blank to the test chamber in place of a testspecimen,
45、 using the same mounting procedures as used forstandard specimens. The blank shall be 19 6 3mm(34 618in.) thick, with a 150-mm (6-in.) diameter hole(s) over whichNIST traceable orifice plates shall be mounted. The blank shallbe attached to a minimum 140-mm (5-12 in.) deep (nominal 2by 6) pine test f
46、rame (buck) with dimensions of 1220 mm wideby 1830 mm high (4 ft wide by 6 ft high). The test frame andblank shall be sealed at all joints.9.2 Each NIST traceable orifice plate shall be constructed of3mm(18 in.) thick stainless steel having an outside diameterof 200 mm (8 in.) and interior square ed
47、ge diameters of 25.40mm (1.000 in.), 38.10 mm (1.500 in.) and 50.80 mm (2.000in.).9.3 Fasten the orifice plate to the blank, centered over a150-mm (6-in.) diameter hole. Seal the hole in the orifice platewith a suitable adhesive tape so that an extraneous reading onthe air flow system can be obtaine
48、d. Measure the amount ofsuch leakage with the orifice plate sealed, at the air pressuredifference to be applied during calibration. After determiningthe extraneous air leakage, remove the adhesive tape from thehole in the orifice plate and repeat the process to determine thetotal measured flow.9.4 C
49、alibration of the air leakage test equipment shallconsist of determining the flow through the air flow system tobe calibrated using all applicable orifice plate sizes for thedesign range of the flow metering apparatus. The orifice plateto be used for each of the following air flow ranges is indicatedin the table.NOTE 5Three orifice plates are used to allow the air flow measuringequipment to be used for a variety of specimen sizes and chamber/wallsetups.Orifice PlateHole SizesNominalFlowDifferential PressureAcross Orifice P
