1、Designation: E2326 14Standard Practice forEducation and Training of Seized-Drug Analysts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2326; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes prerequisite formal education,training, and continuing professional development for thoseperforming seized-drug analy
3、sis. It also describes the kinds ofprofessional documents (for example, texts, manuals, or jour-nals) that should be present in laboratories where analysis ofseized drugs is conducted.1.2 This practice does not replace knowledge, skill, ability,experience, education or training and should be used in
4、conjunction with professional judgment.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory l
5、imitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E2327 Practice for Quality Assurance of Laboratories Per-forming Seized-Drug AnalysisE2329 Practice for Identification of Seized DrugsE2548 Guide for Sampling Seized Drugs for Qualitative andQuantitative AnalysisE2549 Practice for Va
6、lidation of Seized-Drug AnalyticalMethodsE2764 Practice for UncertaintyAssessment in the Context ofSeized-Drug AnalysisE2882 Guide for Analysis of Clandestine Drug LaboratoryEvidence2.2 Other Documents:Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized DrugsRecommendations for: A Code of Profession
7、al Practicefor Drug Analysts, Education and Training, QualityAssurance, Methods of AnalysisEuropean Network of Forensic Science Institutes DrugsWorking Group: “Education and Training Outline forForensic Drug Practitioners”3. Significance and Use3.1 These are minimum standards applicable to those per
8、-forming seized-drug analyses.3.2 These standards are intended to apply to any laboratoryanalyst who:3.2.1 Examines and analyzes seized drugs or relatedmaterials, or directs such examinations to be done;3.2.2 Independently has access to unsealed evidence inorder to remove samples from evidence for e
9、xamination; and3.2.3 As a consequence of such examinations, signs reportsfor court or investigative purposes.4. Education/Experience Qualifications4.1 All newly recruited analysts shall have at least abachelors degree or equivalent (generally, a three to four yearpost-secondary degree) in a natural
10、science or in other sciencesrelevant to the analysis of seized drugs. The degree programshall include lecture and associated laboratory classes ingeneral, organic and analytical chemistry.5. Continuing Professional Development5.1 All forensic scientists have an ongoing responsibility toremain curren
11、t in their field. In addition, laboratories shallprovide support and opportunities for continuing professionaldevelopment. Seized-drug analysts are expected to undergo:5.1.1 Twenty hours of training every year. Training can beeither face-to-face interaction with an instructor, distancelearning, or c
12、omputer based.5.1.1.1 Training shall be relevant to the laboratorys mis-sion.5.1.1.2 Training shall be documented.5.1.1.3 Training can be provided from a variety of sources,including, but not limited to, the following:(1) Chemistry or instrumental courses taught at the post-secondary educational lev
13、el,(2) Instrument operation or maintenance courses taught byvendors,(3) In-service classes conducted by employers,(4) Current literature review,1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on ForensicSciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics
14、.Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2326 09. DOI:10.1520/E2326-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Boo
15、k of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1(5) In-service training taught by external providers, and(6) Participation in relev
16、ant scientific meetings or confer-ences (for example, presenting papers or attending workshops).6. Training For New Analysts6.1 These minimum requirements allow individual labora-tories to structure their training programs to meet their needs asthey relate to the type of casework encountered, the an
17、alyticaltechniques and instrumentation available, and the level ofpreparedness of trainees.6.2 Laboratory management shall approve and document atraining program that focuses on the development of thetheoretical and practical knowledge, skills and abilities neces-sary to examine seized-drug samples
18、and related materials. Thetraining program shall include:6.2.1 A training syllabus providing descriptions of theknowledge and skills in which analysts are to be trained forspecific topic areas, milestones of achievement, and methods oftesting or evaluating competency,6.2.2 Documented standards of pe
19、rformance and a plan forassessing theoretical and practical competency against thesestandards (for example, written and oral examinations, criticalreviews, analysis of unknown samples, mock casework, etc. inaccordance with the specific topic area),6.2.3 A period of supervised casework representative
20、 of thetype the analysts will be required to perform, and6.2.4 A verification document demonstrating that analystshave achieved the required competence level in accordancewith the specific topic area.6.3 Topic areas in the training program shall include, at aminimum, the following (European Network
21、of Forensic Sci-ence Institutes Drugs Working Group: “Education and Train-ing Outline for Forensic Drug Practitioners”):6.3.1 Relevant background information on drugs of abuse(for example, status of control and chemical and physicalcharacteristics),6.3.2 Techniques, methodologies, and instrumentatio
22、n uti-lized in the examination of seized-drug samples, and relatedmaterials;6.3.3 Quality assurance;6.3.4 Ethics (see Scientific Working Group for the Analysisof Seized Drugs Recommendations for: A Code of ProfessionalPractice for Drug Analysts, Education and Training, QualityAssurance, Methods of A
23、nalysis);6.3.5 Expert/court testimony and legal requirements; and6.3.6 Laboratory policy and procedures (such as sampling,uncertainty, evidence handling, safety, and security) as theyrelate to the examination of seized-drug samples and relatedmaterials.6.4 An individual qualified to provide instruct
24、ion shall havedemonstrated competence in the subject area and in thedelivery of training.7. Reference Literature7.1 The following references shall be available and acces-sible in laboratories where seized-drug analysis is performed:7.1.1 College/university level textbooks for reference totheory and
25、practice in key subject areas, for example, generalchemistry, organic chemistry, and analytical chemistry;7.1.2 Relevant jurisdictional legislation (for example, stat-utes and case law relating to controlled substances, and healthand safety legislation);7.1.3 Operation and maintenance manuals for ea
26、ch analyti-cal instrument;7.1.4 Relevant periodicals, for example, Journal of ForensicSciences, Analog, Microgram, and Analytical Chemistry;7.1.5 Laboratory quality manual, standard operatingprocedures, and method validation documents; and7.1.6 Reference literature containing physical, chemical,and
27、analytical data. Such references may include The MerckIndex, Clarkes Isolation and Identification of Drugs, labora-tory manuals of the United Nations Drug Control Program, andpublished standard spectra (for example, Mills and RobersonsInstrumental Data For Drug Analysis, or compendiums fromPfleger o
28、r Wiley).7.2 See Practices E2329, E2327, E2549, and E2764 andGuides E2548 and E2882 for additional information.8. Keywords8.1 education; experience; professional development; quali-fications; seized-drug analyst; trainingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent righ
29、ts asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any
30、time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments wil
31、l receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by AST
32、M International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).E2326 142
