1、Designation: E 2329 09Standard Practice forIdentification of Seized Drugs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2329; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese
2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes minimum criteria for the quali-tative analysis (identification) of seized drugs.1.2 Listed are a number of analytical techniques fo
3、r theidentification of seized drugs. These techniques are grouped onthe basis of their discriminating power. Analytical schemesbased on these groupings are described.1.3 Additional information is found in Guides E 1968 andE 1969and Practices E 2326 and E 2327.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard
4、s:2E 1968 Guide for Microcrystal Testing in the ForensicAnalysis of CocaineE 1969 Guide for Microcrystal Testing in the ForensicAnalysis of Methamphetamine and AmphetamineE 2326 Practice for Education and Training of Seized-DrugAnalystsE 2327 Practice for Quality Assurance of Laboratories Per-formin
5、g Seized-Drug Analysis2.2 Other Document:Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized DrugsRecommendations for: Education and Training, QualityAssurance, Methods of Analysis3. Significance and Use3.1 These are minimum standards applicable to the identi-fication of seized drugs.3.2 It is recog
6、nized that the correct identification of a drugor chemical depends on the use of an analytical scheme basedon validated methods and the competence of the analyst.3.3 This practice requires the use of multiple uncorrelatedtechniques. It does not discourage the use of any particularmethod within an an
7、alytical scheme. Unique requirements indifferent jurisdictions may dictate the actual practices followedby a particular laboratory.3.4 These are minimum standards for identification ofcommonly seized drugs. However, it should be noted that theymay not be sufficient for identification of all drugs in
8、 allcircumstances. Within this practice, it is up to the individuallaboratory to determine which combination of analytical tech-niques best satisfies the requirements of its jurisdictions.4. Categories of Analytical Techniques4.1 For the purpose of this practice, techniques for theanalysis of drug s
9、amples may be divided into three categoriesbased on their discriminating power. Table 1 provides ex-amples of techniques in order of decreasing discriminatingpower, from A to C.5. Identification Criteria5.1 This practice requires that the following minimumcriteria be followed when making analytical
10、identifications5.1.1 When a validated Category A technique is incorpo-rated into an analytical scheme, then at least one othertechnique (from either Category A, B or C) must be used.5.1.1.1 This combination must identify the specific drugpresent and must preclude a false positive identification.5.1.
11、1.2 When sample size allows, the second techniqueshould be applied on a separate sampling for quality assurancereasons. When sample size is limited, additional measuresshould be taken to assure that the results correspond to thecorrect sample.5.1.1.3 All Category A techniques must have data that are
12、reviewable.5.1.2 When a Category A technique is not used, then at leastthree different validated methods must be employed.5.1.2.1 These in combination must demonstrate the identityof the specific drug present and must preclude a false positiveidentification.5.1.2.2 Two of the three methods must be b
13、ased on uncor-related techniques from Category B.5.1.2.3 A minimum of two separate samplings should beused in these three tests. When sample size is limited, addi-tional measures should be taken to assure that the resultscorrespond to the correct sample.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of AS
14、TM Committee E30 on ForensicSciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E 232904.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM web
15、site, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United Sta
16、tes.5.1.2.4 All Category B techniques must have reviewabledata.5.1.3 For the use of any method to be considered of value,test results must be considered “positive.” While “negative”test results provide useful information for ruling out thepresence of a particular drug or drug class, these results ha
17、velittle value toward establishing the forensic identification of adrug.5.1.4 In cases where hyphenated techniques are used (forexample, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquidchromatography-diode array ultraviolet spectrophotometry),they will be considered as separate techniques provided that
18、theresults from each are used. If a hyphenated technique is used asthe sole means of identifying a substance, it should be appliedto two separate samplings, for quality assurance reasons.5.1.5 Cannabis exhibits tend to have characteristics that arevisually recognizable. Thus, macroscopic and microsc
19、opicexaminations of cannabis will be considered Category Btechniques when observations include documented details ofbotanical features. Additional testing must follow the schemeoutlined in sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.2.5.1.5.1 For exhibits of cannabis that lack sufficient observ-able macroscopic and micr
20、oscopic botanical detail (for ex-ample, extracts or residues), D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)or other cannabinoid must be identified utilizing the principlesset forth in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2.5.1.6 An identification of botanical material may be madeutilizing morphological characteristics alone provided suf
21、fi-cient botanical features appropriate for identification are ob-served. Such examinations shall be made by analysts compe-tent in botanical identifications. In this context botanicalcompetence applies to those examiners recognized as profes-sional botanists or those assessed to be competent by suc
22、h.Identifications of chemical components contained in botanicals(mescaline, opiates, psilocin, etc.) should rely on principles ofchemical identification set down in Table 1.5.1.7 Examples of reviewable data are:5.1.7.1 Printed spectra, chromatograms and photographs,digitals images or photocopies (co
23、lor where appropriate) ofTLC plates.5.1.7.2 Contemporaneous documented peer review, as wellas photographs and digital images, for microcrystalline tests.5.1.7.3 Recording of detailed descriptions of morphologicalcharacteristics for cannabis (only).5.1.7.4 Reference to published data for pharmaceutic
24、alidentifiers.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of su
25、ch rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for addi
26、tional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to th
27、e ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the
28、 aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Categories of Analytical TechniquesCategory A Category B Category CInfrared Spectroscopy Capillary Electrophoresis Color TestsMass Spectrometry Gas Chromatogra
29、phy Fluorescence SpectroscopyNuclear MagneticResonance SpectroscopyIon Mobility Spectrometry ImmunoassayRaman Spectroscopy Liquid Chromatography Melting PointMicrocrystalline Tests Ultraviolet SpectroscopyPharmaceutical IdentifiersThin LayerChromatographyCannabis only:Macroscopic ExaminationMicroscopic ExaminationE2329092
