1、Designation: E2329 10Standard Practice forIdentification of Seized Drugs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2329; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes minimum criteria for the quali-tative analysis (identification) of seized drugs.1.2 Listed are a number of analytical techniques for
3、theidentification of seized drugs. These techniques are grouped onthe basis of their discriminating power. Analytical schemesbased on these groupings are described.1.3 Additional information is found in Guides E1968,E1969, and E2125 and Practices E2326 and E2327.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stand
4、ards:2E1968 Guide for Microcrystal Testing in the ForensicAnalysis of CocaineE1969 Guide for Microcrystal Testing in the ForensicAnalysis of Methamphetamine and AmphetamineE2125 Guide for Microcrystal Testing in the ForensicAnalysis of Phencyclidine and Its AnaloguesE2326 Practice for Education and
5、Training of Seized-DrugAnalystsE2327 Practice for Quality Assurance of Laboratories Per-forming Seized-Drug Analysis2.2 Other Document:Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of SeizedDrugsRecommendations for: Education and Training,Quality Assurance, Methods of Analysis3. Significance and Use3.1
6、These are minimum requirements applicable to theidentification of seized drugs.3.2 It is recognized that the correct identification of a drugor chemical depends on the use of an analytical scheme basedon validated methods and the competence of the analyst. It isexpected that in the absence of unfore
7、seen error, an appropriateanalytical scheme effectively results in no uncertainty inreported identifications.3.3 This practice requires the use of multiple uncorrelatedtechniques. It does not discourage the use of any particularmethod within an analytical scheme. Unique requirements indifferent juri
8、sdictions may dictate the actual practices followedby a particular laboratory.4. Categories of Analytical Techniques4.1 For the purpose of this practice, techniques for theanalysis of drug samples are classified into three categories(see Table 1) based on their maximum potential discriminatingpower.
9、 However, the classification of a technique may belower, if the sample, analyte, or mode of operation diminishesits discriminating power.4.1.1 Examples of diminished discriminating power mayinclude:4.1.1.1 An infrared spectroscopy technique applied to amixture which produces a combined spectrum, and
10、4.1.1.2 Amass spectrometry technique which only producesmolecular weight information.5. Identification Criteria5.1 This practice requires that the following minimumcriteria be followed when making analytical identifications:5.1.1 When a validated Category A technique is incorpo-rated into an analyti
11、cal scheme, then at least one othertechnique (from either Category A, B, or C) shall be used.5.1.2 When a Category Atechnique is not used, then at leastthree different validated techniques shall be employed. Two ofthe three techniques shall be based on uncorrelated techniquesfrom Category B.5.1.2.1
12、For cannabis, macroscopic and microscopic exami-nations will be considered as uncorrelated techniques fromCategory B when observations include documented details ofbotanical features.5.1.2.2 For exhibits of cannabis that lack sufficient observ-able macroscopic and microscopic botanical detail (for e
13、x-ample, extracts or residues), D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) orother cannabinoids shall be identified utilizing the principlesset forth in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2.5.1.3 An identification of botanical material may be madeutilizing morphological characteristics (Category B) alone pro-vided sufficient botanic
14、al features appropriate for identification1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on ForensicSciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2010. Published December 2010. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last pre
15、vious edition approved in 2009 as E2329 09. DOI:10.1520/E2329-102For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websi
16、te.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.are observed. Such examinations shall be made by analystscompetent in botanical identifications. In this context botanicalcompetence applies to those examiners recognized as profes-s
17、ional botanists or those assessed to be competent by such.Identifications of chemical components contained in botanicals(mescaline, opiates, psilocin, etc.) should rely on principles ofchemical identification set forth in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2.5.1.4 All Catagory Aand botanical identifications shall haveda
18、ta that are reviewable. Where a Catagory A technique is notused, the requirements for reviewable data applies to Catago-ry B techniques.5.1.5 Examples of reviewable data are:5.1.5.1 Printed spectra, chromatograms and photographs,and digital images or photocopies (color where appropriate) ofthin laye
19、r chromatography (TLC) plates;5.1.5.2 Contemporaneous documented peer review, as wellas photographs and digital images, for microcrystalline tests;5.1.5.3 Recording of detailed descriptions of morphologicalcharacteristics for cannabis and botanical materials (only); and5.1.5.4 Reference to published
20、 data for pharmaceuticalidentifiers.5.1.6 For the use of any method to be considered of value,test results shall be considered “positive.” While “negative”test results provide useful information for ruling out thepresence of a particular drug or drug class, these results havelittle value toward esta
21、blishing the forensic identification of adrug.5.1.7 The laboratory shall employ quality assurance mea-sures to ensure the results correspond to the exhibit.5.1.8 Examples of quality assurance measures are:5.1.8.1 The use of two separate samplings,5.1.8.2 Sample identification procedures such as bar-
22、codingand witness checks, and5.1.8.3 Good laboratory practices (for example, positive andnegative controls, one sample opened at a time, proceduralblanks).5.1.9 In cases where hyphenated techniques are used (forexample, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquidchromatography-diode array ultraviol
23、et spectrophotometry),they will be considered as separate techniques provided that theresults from each are used.5.1.10 The chosen analytical scheme shall demonstrate theidentity of the specific drug present and shall preclude a falsepositive identification and minimize false negatives. Where aschem
24、e has limitations, this shall be reflected in the finalinterpretation.6. Keywords6.1 identification; qualitative analysis; seized drugsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this stand
25、ard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andi
26、f not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, wh
27、ich you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
28、United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard m
29、ay also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Categories of Analytical TechniquesCategory A Category B Category CInfrared Spectroscopy Capillary Electrophoresis Color TestsMass Spectrometry Gas Chromatography Fluorescence SpectroscopyNuclear MagneticResonance SpectroscopyIon Mobility Spectrometry ImmunoassayRaman Spectroscopy Liquid Chromatography Melting PointX-Ray Diffractometry Microcrystalline Tests Ultraviolet SpectroscopyPharmaceutical IdentifiersThin LayerChromatographyCannabis Only:Macroscopic ExaminationMicroscopic ExaminationE2329 102
