1、Designation: E 2339 08Standard Practice forDigital Imaging and Communication in NondestructiveEvaluation (DICONDE)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2339; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice facilitates the interoperability of NDEimaging and data acquisition equipment by specifying theimage
3、 data in commonly accepted terms. This practice repre-sents a harmonization of NDE imaging systems, or modalities,with the NEMA Standards Publication titled Digital Imagingand Communications in Medicine (DICOM, see http:/medical.nema.org), an international standard for image dataacquisition, review,
4、 storage and archival. In addition, thispractice will provide a standard set of industrial NDE specificinformation object definitions, which travel beyond the scopeof standard DICOM modalities. The goal of this practice is toprovide a standard by which NDE image/signal data may bedisplayed on by any
5、 system conforming to the ASTM DI-CONDE format, regardless of which NDE modality was usedto acquire the data.1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issuesthat arise when archiving or analyzing the data from a varietyof NDE techniques, each using proprietary data acquisitionsystems. As
6、data acquisition modalities evolve, data acquiredin the past must remain decipherable. This practice proposes animage data file format in such a way that all the techniqueparameters, along with the image file, are preserved, regardlessof changes in NDE technology. This practice will also permitthe v
7、iewing of a variety of image types (CT, CR, Ultrasonic,Infrared and Eddy Current) on a single workstation, maintain-ing all of the pertinent technique parameters along with theimage file. This practice addresses the exchange of digitalinformation between NDE imaging equipment.1.3 This practice does
8、not specify:1.3.1 A testing or validation procedure to assess an imple-mentations conformance to the standard.1.3.2 The implementation details of any features of thestandard on a device claiming conformance.1.3.3 The overall set of features and functions to be ex-pected from a system implemented by
9、integrating a group ofdevices each claiming DICONDE or DICOM conformance.1.4 Although this practice contains no values that requireunits, it does describe methods to store and communicate datathat do require units to be properly interpreted. The SI unitsrequired by this practice are to be regarded a
10、s standard. Noother units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 Other Documentation:NEMA Standards Publication PS3.1, Version 3: DigitalImaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)ACR-NEMA 300199
11、8 Digital Imaging and Communica-tion in Medicine3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Nondestructive evaluation terms used in this practicecan be found in Terminology E 1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 AEapplication entity3.2.2 attributea property of an information object.
12、 Anattribute has a name and a value, which are independent of anyencoding scheme.3.2.3 attribute tag a unique identifier for an attribute ofan information object composed of an ordered pair (gggg,eeee) where gggg represents the group number and eeeerepresents the data element.3.2.4 conformance state
13、menta formal statement associ-ated with a specific implementation of the standard, specifyingthe service class, information objects, and communicationsprotocols supported by the implementations.3.2.5 data dictionarya registry of data elements, whichassigns a unique tag, a name, value characteristics
14、, andsemantics to each data element.3.2.6 data elementa unit of information as defined by asingle entry in the data dictionary. An encoded IOD attributethat is composed of, at a minimum, three fields: a data elementtag,avalue length, and a value field.3.2.7 data element taga unique identifier for a
15、dataelement composed of an ordered pair of numbers (a groupnumber followed by an element number).1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.11 on DigitalImaging and Communication in Nondestructive Eva
16、luation (DICONDE).Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E 2339 - 06.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.8 data element typeus
17、ed to specify whether an at-tribute of an IOD is mandatory, mandatory only under certainconditions, or optional.3.2.9 element numberthe second number in the orderedpair of numbers that make up a data element tag.3.2.10 group numberthe first number in the ordered pairof numbers that makes up a data e
18、lement tag.3.2.11 information object definition (IOD)a data abstrac-tion of a class of similar real-world objects which defines thenature and attributes relevant to the class of real-world objectrepresented.3.2.12 modulea set of attributes with an InformationObject Definition.3.2.13 private data ele
19、mentadditional data element, de-fined by an implementer, to communicate information that isnot contained in standard data elements. Private data elementshave odd group numbers.3.2.14 valuea component of a value field.Avalue fieldmay consist of one or more of these components.3.2.15 value fieldthe fi
20、eld within a data element thatcontains the value (s) of that data element.3.2.16 value lengththe field within a data element thatcontains the length of the value field of the data element.3.2.17 value multiplicity (VM)specifies the number ofvalues contained in the value field of a data element.3.2.1
21、8 value representation (VR)specifies the data typeand format of the value (s) contained in the value field of a dataelement. A complete list of all the VRs can be found in 6.2 ofPart 5 of the DICOM standard.3.2.19 DICONDE version identifierunique string placedin the DICONDE object to identify the ve
22、rsion of DICONDEused to create the object.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The basic concept of using DICONDE (or DICOM) isthe usage of standardized data tag identifiers. This means allparticipants are using database entries representing the sameinformation and have a common understanding of communi-cation
23、 protocols for mutual use. For standardization of datatransfer, the conformance statement, a mutually agreed upondocument provides the specific database tag identifiers forevery part of the NDE data stream as well as the communica-tions protocols.4.1.1 DICOM was developed in liaison with ACR (theAme
24、rican College of Radiology) and NEMA (the NationalElectrical Manufacturers Association) and other Standard Or-ganizations including CEN TC251 in Europe and JIRA inJapan, with review also by other organizations including IEEE,HL7 andANSI in the USA. The DICOM Standard is structuredas a multi-part doc
25、ument.4.2 This practice will contain terms and definitions thatapply to all NDE modalities. DICONDE terms and definitionsthat apply to a specific NDE modality will be contained in aseparate standard practice for that modality. This standardpractice is meant to be used in conjunction with the modalit
26、yspecific standard practices.4.3 The DICONDE practices will consist of descriptions ofthe attribute and object definitions that are specific to NDE(that is, no equivalent counterpart in medicine) and providestandard database tag identifiers for use with the DICOMdatabase already in existence. The us
27、e of this practice is basedupon and to be used in conjunction with the medical DICOMstandard. This practice, in conjunction with the DICOMstandard, will set forth the requirements for the transfer anddisplay of NDE image data from any NDE image modalitiesequipment.4.3.1 DICONDE, utilizing the existi
28、ng DICOM database ofobject definitions, provides both replacement and additionalmodule definitions that represent a conversion between themedical community language present in DICOM, to theterminology appropriate for NDE. For the DICONDE prac-tices, only the attributes and object definitions that di
29、ffer fromthe medical implementation will be discussed. In the casewhere no replacement attribute or object exists, the DICOMstandard should be followed.4.4 The key to interoperability using the DICOM standard isthe conformance statement. This formal statement is associatedwith a specific implementat
30、ion of the DICOM standard. Itspecifies the service classes, information objects, communica-tion protocols, and media storage application profiles sup-ported by the implementation. Complete information on DI-COM conformance statements, including several examples,can be found in Part 2 of the DICOM st
31、andard.4.4.1 Specific implementations of the DICONDE standardshould also provide conformance statements. The majority ofthe conformance statement for DICONDE will be similar toDICOM. The exception being that the information objectslisted in the conformance statement should be the DICONDEspecific inf
32、ormation objects that the implementation supports.5. Significance and Use5.1 Personnel that are responsible for the transfer of NDEdata between systems will use this standard. This practice willdefine a set of NDE information object definitions that alongwith the DICOM standard will provide a standa
33、rd means toorganize image data. Once conformance statements have beengenerated, the NDE image data may be displayed on anyimaging/analysis device that conforms to the standard. Thisprocess of developing conformance statements with both theNDE specific object definitions and the DICOM accepteddefinit
34、ions, will provide a means to automatically and trans-parently communicate between compliant equipment withoutloss of information.NOTE 1Knowledge and understanding of the existing DICOM stan-dard will be required to generate conformance statements and therebyfacilitate the data transfer.6. Informati
35、on Object Definitions6.1 Information Object Definitions6.1.1 Details of the DICOM Information Object Definitionscan be found in the DICOM Standard Part 3,AnnexesAand B.6.2 DICOM to DICONDE Information Object Definition6.2.1 The DICOM standard specifies mandatory, condi-tional, and user option inform
36、ation modules for each DICOMIOD. The relationship between the IODs and modules is foundin the DICOM Standard Part 3. The DICONDE standard willfollow that relationship except as noted.E23390826.2.2 The terminology associated with certain modules ofthe DICOM information objects must be changed for use
37、 in anindustrial context. For instance, industry deals with compo-nents not patients. In the industrial objects, the equivalentmedical information modules will be reused when possible.For example, a component information module will be as-signed to the Patient information module.6.2.3 In some cases,
38、 there will exist no equivalent medicalinformation module for a required set of industrial data. Whenno equivalent DICOM information module exists, an industrialspecific data module will be created as part of that object.7. DICONDE Information Modules7.1 Information Module Definitions7.1.1 Details o
39、f the DICOM Information Module Defini-tions can be found in the DICOM Standard Part 3, Annex C.7.1.2 All data elements in the information modules must bedescribed by an attribute name, a data element tag,avaluerepresentation (VR),avalue multiplicity (VM), and a dataelement type.7.2 DICOM to DICONDE
40、Information Module Definition7.2.1 The terminology associated with certain elements ofthe DICOM information modules must be changed for use inan industrial context. For instance, industry deals with parts notpatients. The DICONDE standard defines industrial informa-tion modules that are equivalent t
41、o those found in the DICOMstandard. In the industrial modules, the equivalent medical dataelements will be reused when possible. For example, a com-ponent ID number or serial number will be assigned to thePatient ID attribute.7.2.2 In some cases, there will exist no equivalent medicaldata element fo
42、r a required industrial data element. There is noequivalent of Component Manufacturer in the current DICOMdata model. When no equivalent DICOM data element exists,an industrial specific data element will be created as part of thatmodule.7.2.3 When a logical correspondence exists, an existingDICOM da
43、ta element, with an NDE meaning associated withthem, will be used for industrial data. For example, the PatientName data element (0010, 0010) is used to store ComponentName for NDE applications.7.2.4 Some industrial data element tags are unique and donot duplicate any existing medical tags. These ND
44、E dataelements are stored as DICOM Private Data Element Tags.Private data elements tags are defined in Part 5 Section 7.8 ofthe DICOM standard.7.2.5 The version identifier of the DICONDE file will bestored in the Software Versions data element (0018, 1020) inthe NDE Equipment Module. The Software Ve
45、rsions dataelement is multi-valued. If additional software versions arestored in this data element the DICONDE version must be thefirst value stored in the data element. The current DICONDEversion identifier is “DICONDE08”. No changes in capitaliza-tion or spacing is allowed in the DICONDE version i
46、dentifier.7.3 DICONDE Information Modules7.3.1 The DICONDE practice contains the common mod-ules that are needed for every technique. Any techniquespecific modules for NDE will have information modules,attributes, and data elements identified in a technique specificpractice.7.3.2 Table 1 summarizes
47、the current list of industrialmodules and, if appropriate, the medical modules that theysupersede.7.4 Component Module7.4.1 Table 2 specifies the attributes that describe compo-nents.7.4.1.1 For information objects using the component mod-ule, Shape (0011, XX50) is specified to use the values in Tab
48、le3.7.4.1.2 For information objects using the component mod-ule, Curvature Type (0011, XX52) is specified to use thefollowing values:CONCAVE CONVEX COMPOUND7.5 Component Summary Module7.5.1 Table 4 summarizes the attributes that describe com-ponents.7.6 Component Study Module7.6.1 Table 5 summarizes
49、 the attributes that describe a studyor set of inspections on a given component.7.7 Component Series Module7.7.1 Table 6 summarizes the attributes that identify anddescribe information within a component series.7.7.1.1 For information objects using the component seriesmodule, Modality (0008, 0060) is specified to use the follow-ing values:CR = Compound Radiography CT = Computed TomographyUS = Ultrasound US-MF = Multiframe UltrasoundDX = Digital Radiography TG = ThermographyES = Boroscope PR = Presentation StateSC = Secondary Capture XA = Real Time Digital Radiogra
