1、Designation: E2339 10Standard Practice forDigital Imaging and Communication in NondestructiveEvaluation (DICONDE)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2339; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice facilitates the interoperability of NDEimaging and data acquisition equipment by specifying theimage d
3、ata in commonly accepted terms. This practice repre-sents a harmonization of NDE imaging systems, or modalities,with the NEMA Standards Publication titled Digital Imagingand Communications in Medicine (DICOM, see http:/medical.nema.org), an international standard for image dataacquisition, review, s
4、torage and archival. In addition, thispractice will provide a standard set of industrial NDE specificinformation object definitions, which travel beyond the scopeof standard DICOM modalities. The goal of this practice is toprovide a standard by which NDE image/signal data may bedisplayed on by any s
5、ystem conforming to the ASTM DI-CONDE format, regardless of which NDE modality was usedto acquire the data.1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issuesthat arise when archiving or analyzing the data from a varietyof NDE techniques, each using proprietary data acquisitionsystems. As da
6、ta acquisition modalities evolve, data acquiredin the past must remain decipherable. This practice proposes animage data file format in such a way that all the techniqueparameters, along with the image file, are preserved, regardlessof changes in NDE technology. This practice will also permitthe vie
7、wing of a variety of image types (CT, CR, Ultrasonic,Infrared and Eddy Current) on a single workstation, maintain-ing all of the pertinent technique parameters along with theimage file. This practice addresses the exchange of digitalinformation between NDE imaging equipment.1.3 This practice does no
8、t specify:1.3.1 A testing or validation procedure to assess an imple-mentations conformance to the standard.1.3.2 The implementation details of any features of thestandard on a device claiming conformance.1.3.3 The overall set of features and functions to be ex-pected from a system implemented by in
9、tegrating a group ofdevices each claiming DICONDE or DICOM conformance.1.4 Although this practice contains no values that requireunits, it does describe methods to store and communicate datathat do require units to be properly interpreted. The SI unitsrequired by this practice are to be regarded as
10、standard. Noother units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 Other Documentation:3NEMA Standards Publication PS3.1, Version 3: DigitalImaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)ACR-NEMA 3001998
11、 Digital Imaging and Communica-tion in Medicine3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Nondestructive evaluation terms used in this practicecan be found in Terminology E1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 AEapplication entity3.2.2 attributea property of an information object. A
12、nattribute has a name and a value, which are independent of anyencoding scheme.3.2.3 attribute tag a unique identifier for an attribute ofan information object composed of an ordered pair (gggg,eeee) where gggg represents the group number and eeeerepresents the data element.3.2.4 conformance stateme
13、nta formal statement associ-ated with a specific implementation of the standard, specifyingthe service class, information objects, and communicationsprotocols supported by the implementations.3.2.5 data dictionarya registry of data elements, whichassigns a unique tag, a name, value characteristics,
14、andsemantics to each data element.3.2.6 data elementa unit of information as defined by asingle entry in the data dictionary. An encoded IOD attribute1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.11 on D
15、igitalImaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE).Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published July 2010. Originally approvedin 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2339 - 08. DOI: 10.1520/E2339-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.
16、org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300N. 17th St., Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http:/ww
17、w.nema.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.that is composed of, at a minimum, three fields: a data elementtag,avalue length, and a value field.3.2.7 data element taga unique identifier for a dataelement composed of an
18、 ordered pair of numbers (a groupnumber followed by an element number).3.2.8 data element type (type)used to specify whether anattribute of an IOD is required and must have a non-zero value(Type 1), required but may have a zero value (Type 2), requiredonly under certain conditions (Type 1C and 2C),
19、or optional(Type 3). See Part 5, Section 7.4 of the DICOM standard foradditional details.3.2.9 element numberthe second number in the orderedpair of numbers that make up a data element tag.3.2.10 group numberthe first number in the ordered pairof numbers that makes up a data element tag.3.2.11 infor
20、mation object definition (IOD)a data abstrac-tion of a class of similar real-world objects which defines thenature and attributes relevant to the class of real-world objectrepresented.3.2.12 modulea set of attributes with an InformationObject Definition.3.2.13 private data elementadditional data ele
21、ment, de-fined by an implementer, to communicate information that isnot contained in standard data elements. Private data elementshave odd group numbers.3.2.14 usageused to specify whether an information mod-ule is Mandatory (M), Conditional (C), or User Option (U). SeePart 3, Section A.1.3 of the D
22、ICOM standard for additionaldetails.3.2.15 valuea component of a value field.Avalue fieldmay consist of one or more of these components.3.2.16 value fieldthe field within a data element thatcontains the value (s) of that data element.3.2.17 value lengththe field within a data element thatcontains th
23、e length of the value field of the data element.3.2.18 value multiplicity (VM)specifies the number ofvalues contained in the value field of a data element.3.2.19 value representation (VR)specifies the data typeand format of the value (s) contained in the value field of a dataelement. A complete list
24、 of all the VRs can be found in 6.2 ofPart 5 of the DICOM standard.3.2.20 DICONDE version identifierunique string placedin the DICONDE object to identify the version of DICONDEused to create the object.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The basic concept of using DICONDE (or DICOM) isthe usage of standardize
25、d data tag identifiers. This means allparticipants are using database entries representing the sameinformation and have a common understanding of communi-cation protocols for mutual use. For standardization of datatransfer, the conformance statement, a mutually agreed upondocument provides the speci
26、fic database tag identifiers forevery part of the NDE data stream as well as the communica-tions protocols.4.1.1 DICOM was developed in liaison with ACR (theAmerican College of Radiology) and NEMA (the NationalElectrical Manufacturers Association) and other Standard Or-ganizations including CEN TC25
27、1 in Europe and JIRA inJapan, with review also by other organizations including IEEE,HL7 andANSI in the USA. The DICOM Standard is structuredas a multi-part document.4.2 This practice will contain terms and definitions thatapply to all NDT methods. DICONDE terms and definitionsthat apply to a specif
28、ic NDT method will be contained in aseparate standard practice for that method as illustrated in Fig.1. This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with themethod-specific standard practices. If no method-specific prac-tice exists, the user should default back to the DICOM termsand definitio
29、ns for the modality associated with that testmethod.4.3 The DICONDE practices will consist of descriptions ofthe attribute and object definitions that are specific to NDE(that is, no equivalent counterpart in medicine) and providestandard database tag identifiers for use with the DICOMdatabase alrea
30、dy in existence. The use of this practice is basedupon and to be used in conjunction with the medical DICOMstandard. This practice, in conjunction with the DICOMstandard, will set forth the requirements for the transfer anddisplay of NDE image data from any NDE image modalitiesequipment.4.3.1 DICOND
31、E, utilizing the existing DICOM database ofobject definitions, provides both replacement and additionalFIG. 1 DICONDE Document RelationshipsE2339 102module definitions that represent a conversion between themedical community language present in DICOM, to theterminology appropriate for NDE. For the D
32、ICONDE prac-tices, only the attributes and object definitions that differ fromthe medical implementation will be discussed. In the casewhere no replacement attribute or object exists, the DICOMstandard should be followed.4.4 The key to interoperability using the DICOM standard isthe conformance stat
33、ement. This formal statement is associatedwith a specific implementation of the DICOM standard. Itspecifies the service classes, information objects, communica-tion protocols, and media storage application profiles sup-ported by the implementation. Complete information on DI-COM conformance statemen
34、ts, including several examples,can be found in Part 2 of the DICOM standard.4.4.1 Specific implementations of the DICONDE standardshould also provide conformance statements. The majority ofthe conformance statement for DICONDE will be similar toDICOM. The exception being that the information objects
35、listed in the conformance statement should be the DICONDEspecific information objects that the implementation supports.5. Significance and Use5.1 Personnel that are responsible for the transfer of NDEdata between systems will use this standard. This practice willdefine a set of NDE information objec
36、t definitions that alongwith the DICOM standard will provide a standard means toorganize image data. Once conformance statements have beengenerated, the NDE image data may be displayed on anyimaging/analysis device that conforms to the standard. Thisprocess of developing conformance statements with
37、both theNDE specific object definitions and the DICOM accepteddefinitions, will provide a means to automatically and trans-parently communicate between compliant equipment withoutloss of information.NOTE 1Knowledge and understanding of the existing DICOM stan-dard will be required to generate confor
38、mance statements and therebyfacilitate the data transfer.6. Information Object Definitions6.1 Information Object Definitions6.1.1 Details of the DICOM Information Object Definitionscan be found in the DICOM Standard Part 3,AnnexesAand B.6.2 DICOM to DICONDE Information Object Definition6.2.1 The DIC
39、OM standard specifies mandatory, condi-tional, and user option information modules for each DICOMIOD. The relationship between the IODs and modules is foundin the DICOM Standard Part 3. The DICONDE standard willfollow that relationship except as noted.6.2.2 The terminology associated with certain mo
40、dules ofthe DICOM information objects must be changed for use in anindustrial context. For instance, industry deals with compo-nents not patients. In the industrial objects, the equivalentmedical information modules will be reused when possible.For example, a component information module will be as-
41、signed to the Patient information module.6.2.3 In some cases, there will exist no equivalent medicalinformation module for a required set of industrial data. Whenno equivalent DICOM information module exists, an industrialspecific data module will be created as part of that object.7. DICONDE Informa
42、tion Modules7.1 Information Module Definitions7.1.1 Details of the DICOM Information Module Defini-tions can be found in the DICOM Standard Part 3, Annex C.7.1.2 All data elements in the information modules must bedescribed by an attribute name, a data element tag,avaluerepresentation (VR),avalue mu
43、ltiplicity (VM), and a dataelement type.7.2 DICOM to DICONDE Information Module Definition7.2.1 The terminology associated with certain elements ofthe DICOM information modules must be changed for use inan industrial context. For instance, industry deals with parts notpatients. The DICONDE standard
44、defines industrial informa-tion modules that are equivalent to those found in the DICOMstandard. In the industrial modules, the equivalent medical dataelements will be reused when possible. For example, a com-ponent ID number or serial number will be assigned to thePatient ID attribute.7.2.2 In some
45、 cases, there will exist no equivalent medicaldata element for a required industrial data element. There is noequivalent of Component Manufacturer in the current DICOMdata model. When no equivalent DICOM data element exists,an industrial specific data element will be created as part of thatmodule.7.
46、2.3 When a logical correspondence exists, an existingDICOM data element, with an NDE meaning associated withthem, will be used for industrial data. For example, the PatientName data element (0010, 0010) is used to store ComponentName for NDE applications.7.2.4 Some industrial data element tags are u
47、nique and donot duplicate any existing medical tags. These NDE dataelements are stored as DICOM Private Data Element Tags.Private data elements tags are defined in Part 5, Section 7.8 ofthe DICOM standard.7.2.5 The version identifier of the DICONDE file will bestored in the Software Versions data el
48、ement (0018, 1020) inthe NDE Equipment Module. The Software Versions dataelement is multi-valued. If additional software versions arestored in this data element the DICONDE version must be thefirst value stored in the data element. The current DICONDEversion identifier is “DICONDE10”. No changes in
49、capitaliza-tion or spacing is allowed in the DICONDE version identifier.7.3 DICONDE Information Modules7.3.1 The DICONDE practice contains the common mod-ules that are needed for every technique. Any techniquespecific modules for NDE will have information modules,attributes, and data elements identified in a technique specificpractice.7.3.2 Table 1 summarizes the current list of industrialmodules and, if appropriate, the medical modules that theysupersede.7.4 Component Module7.4.1 Table 2 specifies the attributes that describe compo-nents.E2339 1037.4.1.1 F
