1、Designation: E 2356 04e1Standard Practice forComprehensive Building Asbestos Surveys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2356; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEAsbestos warning editorially added in June 2006.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting com-prehensive surveys of buildings and
3、 facilities for the purpose oflocating, identifying, quantifying and assessing asbestos-containing materials.1.2 The results of a Comprehensive Building AsbestosSurvey are intended to be used for ongoing management ofasbestos-containing materials, including Operations 1.4.2 Obtaining and reviewing i
4、nformation on the buildingor facility including previous surveys and response actions;1.4.3 Conducting the physical activities of inspecting thepremises and collecting bulk samples of suspect materials;1.4.4 Analyzing the bulk samples for asbestos type andcontent;1.4.5 Assessing the Current Conditio
5、n and Potential forDisturbance of asbestos-containing materials; and1.4.6 Preparing a report that includes a narrative discussionof the findings, tabulations of inspection, sampling and analysisresults, graphical depiction of the areas inspected, and theresults of the assessment.1.5 A Comprehensive
6、Building Asbestos Survey providessufficient information about the asbestos-containing materialsin a building or facility for purposes of a real propertytransaction. In situations where the amount of informationrequired by a party to the transaction is minimal, a LimitedAsbestos Screen may suffice in
7、 place of the ComprehensiveBuilding Asbestos Survey.1.6 This standard practice does not include air sampling orsurface (dust) sampling for purposes of evaluating a potentialexposure hazard from airborne asbestos fibers.1.7 WarningAsbestos fibers are acknowledged carcino-gens. Breathing asbestos fibe
8、rs can result in disease of thelungs including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma.Precautions in this standard practice should be taken to avoidcreating and breathing airborne asbestos particles from mate-rials known or suspected to contain asbestos. See 2.2 forregulatory requirements address
9、ing asbestos.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.
10、 Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE 736 Test Method for Cohesion/Adhesion of Sprayed Fire-Resistive Materials Applied to Structural MembersE 1368 Practice for Visual Inspection of Asbestos Abate-ment ProjectsE 1494 Practice for Encapsulants for Spray
11、-or-Trowel- Ap-plied Friable Asbestos-Containing Building MaterialsMNL-23 Manual on Asbestos Control: Surveys, Removal,and Management, 20052.2 Other Documents:EPA 560/5-85-024 Guidance for Controlling Asbestos-Containing Materials in Buildings. (“Purple Book”) 19853EPA 560/5-85-030A Asbestos in Buil
12、dings: SimplifiedSampling Scheme for Surfacing Materials.(“Pink Book”)19853EPA 20T-2003 Managing Asbestos in Place: A BuildingOwners Guide to Operations and Maintenance Programs1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibilit
13、y of Subcommittee E06.24 onBuilding Preservation and Rehabilitation Technology.Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
14、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
15、PA 19428-2959, United States.for Asbestos-Containing Materials. (“Green Book”) July,19903EPA-600/R-93/116 Method for the Determination of Asbes-tos in Bulk Building Materials. June, 1993340 CFR Part 61 National Emission Standards for HazardousAir Pollutants: Subpart MAsbestos340 CFR Part 763, Subpar
16、t E Asbestos-Containing Materialsin Schools (EPA AHERA Regulations)340 CFR Part 763, Subpart E, Appendix C (EPA ModelAccreditation Plan)329 CFR 1910.1001 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA General Industry Standard)329 CFR 1915.1001 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA Shipyard Standard)329 CF
17、R 1926.1101 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA Construction Standard)3State of New York Environmental Laboratory ApprovalProgram (ELAP) Certification Manual, Item No.198.1 Polarized Light Microscopy Method for identifyingand Quantifying Asbestos in Non-Friable OrganicallyBound Bulk Samples, May
18、15, 20004State of New York Environmental Laboratory ApprovalProgram (ELAP) Certification Manual, Item No.198.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy Method foridentifying and Quantifying Asbestos in Non-Friable Or-ganically Bound Bulk Samples, March 1, 19974Guidance Manual: Asbestos Operations and Mainte
19、nanceWork Practices5Asbestos Abatement and Management in Buildings: ModelGuide Specification53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of building terms, see Ter-minology E 631.3.2 Terms Defined in Practice E 1368The user is referredto Practice E 1368 for terms specifically related to asbestosaba
20、tement for purposes of a Project Design Survey.3.2.1 asbestos-containing materials, nmaterial containingmore than one percent asbestos.3.2.1.1 surfacing material, nmaterial that is sprayed,troweled-on, or otherwise applied to interior and exteriorstructural and architectural surfaces. Surfacing mate
21、rial in-cludes acoustical plaster on ceilings, fireproofing on structuralmembers, textured paint and exterior stucco, and other mate-rials applied to surfaces for acoustical, decorative, fireproofingand other purposes.3.2.1.2 thermal system insulation, nmaterial which isapplied to interior and exter
22、ior mechanical components toreduce heat gain or loss. Thermal system insulation includesinsulation on pipes, fittings, boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts,and other mechanical components.3.2.1.3 miscellaneous materials, nmaterial, other thansurfacing material and thermal system insulation, on interiora
23、nd exterior structural, mechanical, electrical, or architecturalcomponents and surfaces. Miscellaneous material includes butis not limited to ceiling tiles, gaskets, floor coverings andmastics, wallboard joint compound, roofing materials, andcementitious products.3.2.2 crawl space, nan accessible ar
24、ea that may have adirt floor, usually with low head room.3.2.3 dust and debris, nvisible particles, fragments, orchunks of material, large enough to have settled in the workarea by virtue of their weight, that are presumed to haveoriginated from the material abated by the response action, orfrom a f
25、iber release episode.3.2.4 fiber release episode, nuncontrolled or uninten-tional disturbance of asbestos-containing materials which re-sults in the generation of dust and debris.3.2.5 friable material, nmaterial easily crumbled or pow-dered by moderate (hand) pressure.3.2.6 response action, na meth
26、od of abatement (such asremoval, encapsulation, or enclosure) or operations and main-tenance (such as repair, clean-up, or preventive measures) ofasbestos-containing material in any form, for any purposewhatsoever.3.2.7 visual inspection process, nthe activities before,during, and at the conclusion
27、of a response action that areassociated with detecting the presence of visible residue, dustand debris, or unremoved material and verifying the absencethereof at the completion of a response action.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 asbestos, nthe asbestiform varieties of serpe
28、ntinite(chrysotile), riebeckite (crocidolite), cummingtonite-grunerite(amosite), anthophyllite, and actinolite-tremolite.3.3.2 accessible location, na functional space or partthereof that can be inspected without requiring destructivetesting or presenting an unacceptable health or safety risk to the
29、inspector, and where entry is not prohibited by security or otherinstitutional restrictions.3.3.3 building asbestos survey, nan activity to determinethe presence, location, condition, and quantity of asbestos-containing materials in a building or facility, or on the propertycontaining the building o
30、r facility.3.3.4 bulk sample, na sample of suspect asbestos-containing material collected for identification of asbestos anddetermination of the percent of the components in the sample.3.3.5 laboratory, nan entity that is equipped and qualifiedto perform one or more of the following analyses, usinga
31、pproved methods: (1) identify and quantify asbestos in bulksamples by Polarized Light Microscopy; (2) identify andquantify asbestos in bulk samples by Transmission ElectronMicroscopy, (3) identify and quantify airborne fibers withPhase Contrast Microscopy.3.3.6 non-friable organically bound (NOB) ma
32、terials,nmaterials that are not friable and that consist of fibers andother particulate matter embedded in a solid matrix of asphal-tic, vinyl or other organic substances.3.3.7 operations and maintenance (O specifically, the National Emission Standardfor Asbestos (40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M)3.4.7 NOB
33、Non-friable organically-bound3.4.8 OSHAU.S. Department of Labor, OccupationalSafety and Health Administration3.4.9 PPEPersonal Protective Equipment3.4.10 PLMPolarized Light Microscopy3.4.11 TEMTransmission Electron Microscopy4. Significance and Use4.1 Management of asbestos-containing materials in b
34、uild-ings and facilities requires knowledge of the location, type,quantity, and condition of the material. The more complete andaccurate the information available, the more appropriate andcost-effective are the control measures used to reduce possibleexposure to airborne asbestos fibers. This is tru
35、e whether theasbestos-containing materials remain undisturbed and com-pletely intact, are selectively removed for maintenance or priorto renovation, or are removed to the greatest extent feasiblebefore demolishing the building or facility.4.2 This standard practice describes two types of surveysthat
36、 support different objectives. These are the Baseline Surveyand the Project Design Survey.4.2.1 The Baseline Survey is a building-wide or facility-wide inspection that provides a general sense of the overalllocation, type, quantity, and condition of asbestos-containingmaterials present. It is thorou
37、gh in that most accessiblefunctional spaces are inspected and bulk samples taken ofsuspect materials observed. The baseline survey providesinformation for long-term management of asbestos-containingmaterials and prioritization of response actions. The presenceof asbestos in suspect materials may be
38、assumed or presumedin some cases without bulk samples being taken or analyzed.However, the baseline survey is unobtrusive in that samples arenot taken where doing so would result in objectionable damageto surfaces or where institutional barriers preclude access. In abaseline survey, destructive test
39、ing is avoided.NOTE 1A Baseline Survey is sometimes called an “AHERA” surveybecause it provides the type of information used for management ofasbestos-containing materials in schools. However, the baseline surveydescribed in this standard practice requires inspection, bulk sampling,quantification an
40、d assessment and suspect materials that are excluded byvirtue of their type and location from the AHERA regulations for schools.NOTE 2Suspect material subject to disturbance by planned or emer-gency maintenance may not always be identified as to asbestos content ina Baseline Survey. Collecting a sin
41、gle bulk sample, or a small number ofsamples, to determine if the material contains asbestos does not constitutea survey within the meaning of this standard practice. Nonetheless, thesample(s) should be collected according to the methods described inAppendix X1 (this must be done by a properly-crede
42、ntialed individual)and analyzed as set forth in 6.5.4.2.2 The Project Design Survey is more focused than aBaseline Survey and is used to provide information to theProject Designer for preparing abatement plans and specifica-tions. The locations inspected are limited to the areas that willbe affected
43、 by the abatement project. If the project is beingdone prior to renovation or demolition, the construction plansor at least a clear statement of the scope of the renovation ordemolition work are required for a proper Project DesignSurvey. Destructive testing is often required for a ProjectDesign Sur
44、vey. The presence of asbestos in suspect materials isalways confirmed in a Project Design Survey rather than beingassumed or presumed. Other information required for theProject Design is collected during the survey.4.3 An asbestos survey may be required to meet the EPANESHAP notification requirement
45、s for renovation or demoli-tion, or be required by governmental agencies for issuance ofa building permit. The Project Design Survey is most appro-priate for this purpose. Posting of signs and labels required forcompliance with OSHA regulations would use the informationgenerated during a Baseline Su
46、rvey.4.4 This standard practice emphasizes the concept that aComprehensive Building Asbestos Survey consists of morethan the collection and analysis of samples, and the report ismore than a compilation of laboratory results. It is important toinspect as many functional spaces as possible and to docu
47、mentthe reasons why certain functional spaces were not inspectedand locations where no suspect materials were observed and,consequently, no samples were taken. Reasons might includeaccess limitations, the absence of materials to sample, theexistence of information from previous surveys, or the avail
48、-ability of reliable documentation such as Material Safety DataSheets.E235604e134.5 A Comprehensive Building Asbestos Survey is notlimited to the class of materials commonly referred to asasbestos-containing building materials (ACBM), defined in theAHERA regulations as “. found in or on interior str
49、ucturalmembers or other parts of a building.” Items that are difficult todistinguish as such may include cooling towers, laboratoryhoods, gaskets, chalkboards and other articles. These may beinstalled in, attached to, or adjacent to the building or facilitybut are not as clearly a part of the building or facility asfireproofing or floor tile. Nonetheless, such items still fallwithin the scope of an asbestos management program andtherefore are addressed in this standard practice. Locationsoutside the building, in particular equipment in industrialfacilities a
