1、Designation: E2356 10Standard Practice forComprehensive Building Asbestos Surveys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2356; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting com-prehensive surveys of buildings and facilities for the purpose oflocating, identifying, quanti
3、fying, and assessing asbestos-containing materials.1.2 The results of a Comprehensive Building AsbestosSurvey are intended to be used for ongoing management ofasbestos-containing materials, including Operations and Main-tenance (O1.4.2 Obtaining and reviewing information on the buildingor facility i
4、ncluding previous surveys and response actions;1.4.3 Conducting the physical activities of inspecting thepremises and collecting bulk samples of suspect materials;1.4.4 Analyzing the bulk samples for asbestos type andcontent;1.4.5 Assessing the Current Condition and Potential forDisturbance of asbes
5、tos-containing materials; and1.4.6 Preparing a report that includes a narrative discussionof the findings, tabulations of inspection, sampling and analysisresults, graphical depiction of the areas inspected, and theresults of the assessment.1.5 A Comprehensive Building Asbestos Survey providessuffic
6、ient information about the asbestos-containing materialsin a building or facility for purposes of a real propertytransaction. In situations where the amount of informationrequired by a party to the transaction is minimal, a LimitedAsbestos Screen (see Practice E2308) may suffice in place ofthe Compr
7、ehensive Building Asbestos Survey.1.6 This practice does not include air sampling or surface(dust) sampling for purposes of evaluating a potential exposurehazard from airborne asbestos fibers.1.7 WarningAsbestos fibers are acknowledged carcino-gens. Breathing asbestos fibers can result in disease of
8、 thelungs including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma.Precautions in this practice should be taken to avoid creatingand breathing airborne asbestos particles from materials knownor suspected to contain asbestos. See 2.2 for regulatoryrequirements addressing asbestos.1.8 The values stated in
9、SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
10、 is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE736 Test Method for Cohesion/Adhesion
11、 of Sprayed Fire-Resistive Materials Applied to Structural MembersE1368 Practice for Visual Inspection of Asbestos Abate-ment ProjectsE1494 Practice for Encapsulants for Spray- or Trowel-Applied Friable Asbestos-Containing Building MaterialsE2308 Guide for Limited Asbestos Screens of BuildingsE2394
12、Practice for Maintenance, Renovation and Repair ofInstalled Asbestos Cement ProductsMNL-23 Manual on Asbestos Control: Surveys, Removal,and Management Second Edition, 20051This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of S
13、ubcommittee E06.24 onBuilding Preservation and Rehabilitation Technology.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2356 09. DOI:10.1520/E2356-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.as
14、tm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 Othe
15、r Documents:29 CFR 1910.1001 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA General Industry Standard)329 CFR 1915.1001 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA Shipyard Standard)329 CFR 1926.1101 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(OSHA Construction Standard)340 CFR Part 61 National Emission Standards for Haza
16、rdousAir Pollutants: Subpart MAsbestos340 CFR Part 763 Subpart EAsbestos-Containing Materi-als in Schools (EPA AHERA Regulations)340 CFR Part 763 Subpart E, Appendix C (EPA ModelAccreditation Plan)3Asbestos Abatement and Management in Buildings: ModelGuide Specification4EPA 20T-2003 Managing Asbesto
17、s in Place: A BuildingOwners Guide to Operations and Maintenance Programsfor Asbestos-Containing Materials (“Green Book”), July19903EPA 560/5-85-024 Guidance for Controlling Asbestos-Containing Materials in Buildings (“Purple Book”), 19853EPA 560/5-85-030A Asbestos in Buildings: SimplifiedSampling S
18、cheme for Surfacing Materials (“Pink Book”),19853EPA 600R-04/004 Research Method for Sampling andAnalysis of Fibrous Amphibole in Vermiculite Attic Insu-lation, January 20043EPA 600/R-93/116 Method for the Determination of Asbes-tos in Bulk Building Materials, June 19933Guidance Manual: Asbestos Ope
19、rations and MaintenanceWork Practices4State of New York Environmental Laboratory ApprovalProgram (ELAP) Certification Manual, Item No.198.1 Polarized Light Microscopy Method for identifyingand Quantifying Asbestos in Non-Friable OrganicallyBound Bulk Samples, May 15, 20005State of New York Environme
20、ntal Laboratory ApprovalProgram (ELAP) Certification Manual, Item No.198.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy Method foridentifying and Quantifying Asbestos in Non-Friable Or-ganically Bound Bulk Samples, March 1, 199753. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of building terms, see Ter-minology E6
21、31.3.2 Terms Defined in Practice E1368The user is referredto Practice E1368 for terms specifically related to asbestosabatement for purposes of a Project Design Survey.3.2.1 asbestos-containing materials, nmaterial containingmore than one percent asbestos.3.2.1.1 miscellaneous materials, nmaterial,
22、other thansurfacing material and thermal system insulation, on interiorand exterior structural, mechanical, electrical, or architecturalcomponents, and surfaces. Miscellaneous material includes butis not limited to ceiling tiles, gaskets, floor coverings andmastics, wallboard joint compound, roofing
23、 materials, andcementitious products.3.2.1.2 surfacing material, nmaterial that is sprayed,troweled-on, or otherwise applied to interior and exteriorstructural and architectural surfaces. Surfacing material in-cludes acoustical plaster on ceilings, fireproofing on structuralmembers, textured paint a
24、nd exterior stucco, and other mate-rials applied to surfaces for acoustical, decorative, fireproofing,and other purposes.3.2.1.3 thermal system insulation, nmaterial which isapplied to interior and exterior mechanical components toreduce heat gain or loss. Thermal system insulation includesinsulatio
25、n on pipes, fittings, boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts,and other mechanical components.3.2.2 crawl space, nan accessible area that may have adirt floor, usually with low head room.3.2.3 dust and debris, nvisible particles, fragments, orchunks of material, large enough to have settled in the workarea
26、 by virtue of their weight, that are presumed to haveoriginated from the material abated by the response action, orfrom a fiber release episode.3.2.4 fiber release episode, nuncontrolled or uninten-tional disturbance of asbestos-containing materials which re-sults in the generation of dust and debri
27、s.3.2.5 friable material, nmaterial easily crumbled or pow-dered by moderate (hand) pressure.3.2.6 response action, na method of abatement (such asremoval, encapsulation, or enclosure) or operations and main-tenance (such as repair, clean-up, or preventive measures) ofasbestos-containing material in
28、 any form, for any purposewhatsoever.3.2.7 visual inspection process, nthe activities before,during, and at the conclusion of a response action that areassociated with detecting the presence of visible residue, dustand debris, or unremoved material and verifying the absencethereof at the completion
29、of a response action.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 asbestos, nthe asbestiform varieties of: chrysotile(serpentinite); crocidolite (riebeckite); amosite(cummingtonite-grunerite); anthophyllite; tremolite; and acti-nolite.3.3.2 accessible location, na functional space or par
30、tthereof that can be inspected without requiring destructivetesting or presenting an unacceptable health or safety risk to theinspector, and where entry is not prohibited by security or otherinstitutional restrictions.3.3.3 building asbestos survey, nan activity to determinethe presence, location, c
31、ondition, and quantity of asbestos-containing materials in a building or facility, or on the propertycontaining the building or facility.3.3.4 bulk sample, na sample of suspect asbestos-containing material collected for identification of asbestos anddetermination of the percent of the components in
32、the sample.3Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ArielRios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http:/www.epa.gov.4Available from National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS), 1090 VermontAvenue, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20005, http:/www.nibs.
33、org.5Available from the Environmental Laboratory Approval Program (ELAP),Wadsworth Center, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201, http:/www.wadsworth.org/labcert/elap/elap.htm.E2356 1023.3.5 concealed space, na location requiring destructivetesting for penetration of a building or component surface forinsp
34、ection and, if necessary, sampling of suspect material.Concealed spaces include, but are not limited to, cavities insidesoffits, walls and chases, plenums above solid ceilings, sub-floor ducts and cable runs, and the interior of HVAC equip-ment.3.3.6 destructive testing, ninspection procedures that
35、nec-essarily involve objectionable or noticeable damage to buildingsurfaces, or require penetration of a surface such as a wall,ceiling, chase, or shaft to gain access to a concealed space.Lifting a ceiling tile or opening a hatch is not destructivetesting.3.3.7 excluded area, na functional space or
36、 part thereofwhere entry is prohibited by security or other institutionalrestrictions.3.3.8 functional space, nan area within a building orfacility that is used for a specific purpose. Examples include awarehouse in a manufacturing plant and a conference room inan office building. A functional space
37、 can be vertical in extent,such as a pipe chase, and span several floors.3.3.9 homogeneous area, nsurfacing material, thermalsystem insulation material, or miscellaneous material that isuniform in color and texture and apparent or known date ofinstallation.3.3.10 laboratory, nan entity that is equip
38、ped and quali-fied to perform one or more of the following analyses, usingapproved methods: (1) identify and quantify asbestos in bulksamples by Polarized Light Microscopy, (2) identify andquantify asbestos in bulk samples by Transmission ElectronMicroscopy, and (3) identify and quantify airborne fi
39、bers withPhase Contrast Microscopy.3.3.11 limits of abatement, nan area where asbestos-related activities will be conducted before, during and at theconclusion of the project, that is contiguous with and includesthe limits of construction for an associated renovation ordemolition project.3.3.12 non-
40、friable organically bound (NOB) materials,nmaterials that are not friable and that consist of fibers andother particulate matter embedded in a solid matrix of asphal-tic, vinyl or other organic substances.3.3.13 operations and maintenance (O specifically, the National Emission Standardfor Asbestos (
41、40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M)3.4.7 NOBNon-friable organically-bound3.4.8 OSHAU.S. Department of Labor, OccupationalSafety and Health Administration3.4.9 PPEPersonal Protective Equipment3.4.10 PLMPolarized Light Microscopy3.4.11 TEMTransmission Electron Microscopy3.4.12 VAIVermiculite Attic Insulation4.
42、 Significance and Use4.1 Management of asbestos-containing materials in build-ings and facilities requires knowledge of the location, type,quantity, and condition of the material. The more complete andaccurate the information available, the more appropriate andcost-effective are the control measures
43、 used to reduce possibleexposure to airborne asbestos fibers. This is true whether theasbestos-containing materials remain undisturbed and com-pletely intact, are selectively removed for maintenance or priorto renovation, or are removed to the greatest extent feasiblebefore demolishing the building
44、or facility.4.2 This practice describes three types of surveys thatsupport different objectives. These are the Baseline Survey, theProject Design Survey, and the Pre-Construction Survey.4.2.1 The Baseline Survey is a building-wide or facility-wide inspection that provides a general sense of the over
45、alllocation, type, quantity, and condition of asbestos-containingmaterials present. It is thorough in that most accessiblefunctional spaces are inspected and bulk samples taken ofsuspect materials observed. The baseline survey providesinformation for long-term management of asbestos-containingmateri
46、als and prioritization of response actions. The presenceof asbestos in suspect materials may be assumed or presumedin some cases without bulk samples being taken or analyzed.However, the baseline survey is unobtrusive in that samples arenot taken where doing so would result in objectionable damageto
47、 surfaces or where institutional barriers preclude access. In abaseline survey, destructive testing is avoided. Posting of signsand labels required for compliance with OSHA regulationswould use the information generated during a Baseline Survey.NOTE 1A Baseline Survey is sometimes called an “AHERA”
48、surveybecause it provides the type of information used for management ofasbestos-containing materials in schools. However, the baseline surveydescribed in this practice requires inspection, bulk sampling, quantifica-tion, and assessment of suspect materials that are excluded by virtue oftheir type a
49、nd location from the AHERA regulations for schools.NOTE 2Suspect material subject to disturbance by planned or emer-gency maintenance may not always be identified as to asbestos content inE2356 103a Baseline Survey. Collecting a single bulk sample, or a small number ofsamples, to determine if the material contains asbestos does not constitutea survey within the meaning of this practice. Nonetheless, the sample(s)should be collected in accordance with the methods described inAppendixX1 (this must be done by a properly-credentialed individual
