1、Designation: E2356 10E2356 14Standard Practice forComprehensive Building Asbestos Surveys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2356; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting comprehensive surveys of buildings and facilities for the purpose oflocating, identifying,
3、 quantifying, and assessing asbestos-containing materials.1.2 The results of a Comprehensive Building Asbestos Survey are intended to be used for ongoing management ofasbestos-containing materials, including Operations and Maintenance (O1.4.2 Obtaining and reviewing information on the building or fa
4、cility including previous surveys and response actions;1.4.3 Conducting the physical activities of inspecting the premises and collecting bulk samples of suspect materials;1.4.4 Analyzing the bulk samples for asbestos type and content;1.4.5 Assessing the Current Condition and Potential for Disturban
5、ce of asbestos-containing materials; and1.4.6 Preparing a report that includes a narrative discussion of the findings, tabulations of inspection, sampling and analysisresults, graphical depiction of the areas inspected, and the results of the assessment.1.5 A Comprehensive Building Asbestos Survey p
6、rovides sufficient information about the asbestos-containing materials in abuilding or facility for purposes of a real property transaction. In situations where the amount of information required by a partyto the transaction is minimal, a LimitedAsbestos Screen (see Practice E2308) may suffice in pl
7、ace of the Comprehensive BuildingAsbestos Survey.1.6 This practice does not include air sampling or surface (dust) sampling for purposes of evaluating a potential exposure hazardfrom airborne asbestos fibers.1.7 WarningAsbestos fibers are acknowledged carcinogens. Breathing asbestos fibers can resul
8、t in disease of the lungsincluding asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. Precautions in this practice should be taken to avoid creating and breathingairborne asbestos particles from materials known or suspected to contain asbestos. See 2.2 for regulatory requirements addressingasbestos.1.8 The
9、values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversionsto inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associate
10、d with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D7521 Test Method for Determination of Asbestos in SoilD7712 Term
11、inology for Sampling and Analysis of Asbestos1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.07 on Sampling and Analysis ofAsbestos.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Jan. 15, 2014. Published December 2010January 2
12、014. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20092010as E2356 09.E2356 10. DOI: 10.1520/E2356-10.10.1520/E2356-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume in
13、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately
14、 depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, P
15、A 19428-2959. United States1E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE736 Test Method for Cohesion/Adhesion of Sprayed Fire-Resistive Materials Applied to Structural MembersE1368 Practice for Visual Inspection of Asbestos Abatement ProjectsE1494 Practice for Encapsulation Testing of Friable Asbesto
16、s-Containing Surfacing MaterialsE2308 Guide for Limited Asbestos Screens of Buildings (Withdrawn 2014)3E2394 Practice for Maintenance, Renovation, and Repair of Installed Asbestos Cement ProductsMNL-23 Manual on Asbestos Control: Surveys, Removal, and Management Second Edition, 20052.2 Other Documen
17、ts:29 CFR 1910.1001 29 CFR 1910.134 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos (OSHA General Industry Standard)RespiratoryProtection Standard429 CFR 1915.100129 CFR 1910.146 Occupational Exposure to Asbestos (OSHA Shipyard Standard)Permit-required ConfinedSpaces429 CFR 1926.1101 Occupational Exposure to Asbe
18、stos (OSHA Construction Standard)440 CFR Part 61 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Subpart MAsbestos540 CFR Part 763 Subpart EAsbestos-Containing Materials in Schools (EPA AHERA Regulations)540 CFR Part 763 Subpart E, Appendix C (EPA Model Accreditation Plan)5Asbestos Abateme
19、nt and Management in Buildings: Model Guide Specification 5EPA 20T-2003 Managing Asbestos in Place: A Building Owners Guide to Operations and Maintenance Programs forAsbestos-Containing Materials (“Green Book”), July 19904EPA 560/5-85-024 Guidance for Controlling Asbestos-Containing Materials in Bui
20、ldings (“Purple Book”), 19855EPA 560/5-85-030A Asbestos in Buildings: Simplified Sampling Scheme for Surfacing Materials (“Pink Book”), 19855EPA 600R-04/004 Research Method for Sampling and Analysis of Fibrous Amphibole in Vermiculite Attic Insulation, January20045EPA 600/R-93/116 Method for the Det
21、ermination of Asbestos in Bulk Building Materials, June 19935Guidance Manual: Asbestos Operations and Maintenance Work Practices 5State of New York Environmental Laboratory Approval Program (ELAP) Certification Manual, Item No. 198.1 Polarized LightMicroscopy Method for identifying and Quantifying A
22、sbestos in Non-Friable Organically Bound Bulk Samples, May 15,20006State of New York Environmental Laboratory Approval Program (ELAP) Certification Manual, Item No. 198.4 TransmissionElectron Microscopy Method for identifying and Quantifying Asbestos in Non-Friable Organically Bound Bulk Samples,Mar
23、ch 1, 199763. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of building terms, see Terminology E631.3.2 Terms Defined in Practice E1368The user is referred to Practice E1368 for terms specifically related to asbestosabatement for purposes of a Project Design Survey.3.2.1 asbestos-containing materials, n
24、material containing more than one percent asbestos.3.2.1.1 miscellaneous materials, nmaterial, other than surfacing material and thermal system insulation, on interior andexterior structural, mechanical, electrical, or architectural components, and surfaces. Miscellaneous material includes but is no
25、tlimited to ceiling tiles, gaskets, floor coverings and mastics, wallboard joint compound, roofing materials, and cementitiousproducts.3.2.1.2 surfacing material, nmaterial that is sprayed, troweled-on, or otherwise applied to interior and exterior structural andarchitectural surfaces. Surfacing mat
26、erial includes acoustical plaster on ceilings, fireproofing on structural members, textured paintand exterior stucco, and other materials applied to surfaces for acoustical, decorative, fireproofing, and other purposes.3.2.1.3 thermal system insulation, nmaterial which is applied to interior and ext
27、erior mechanical components to reduce heatgain or loss. Thermal system insulation includes insulation on pipes, fittings, boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts, and other mechanicalcomponents.3.2.2 crawl space, nan accessible area that may have a dirt floor, usually with low head room.3.2.3 high effcienc
28、y particulate air (HEPA) filter, nthe final stage filter on a negative pressure ventilation device (see 3.2.19in E1368) or on a vacuum cleaner, capable of trapping and retaining at least 99.97 percent of all mono-dispersed particles of 0.3micrometres in diameter.3 The last approved version of this h
29、istorical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20210, http:/www.osha.gov.5 Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Ariel Rios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW,
30、Washington, DC 20460, http:/www.epa.gov.6 Available from the Environmental Laboratory Approval Program (ELAP), Wadsworth Center, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201, http:/www.wadsworth.org/labcert/elap/elap.htm.E2356 1423.2.4 dust and debris, nvisible particles, fragments, or chunks of material, large e
31、nough to have settled in the work area byvirtue of their weight, that are presumed to have originated from the material abated by the response action, or from a fiber releaseepisode.3.2.5 fiber release episode, nuncontrolled or unintentional disturbance of asbestos-containing materials which results
32、 in thegeneration of dust and debris.3.2.6 friable material, nmaterial easily crumbled or powdered by moderate (hand) pressure.3.2.7 response action, na method of abatement (such as removal, encapsulation, or enclosure) or operations and maintenance(such as repair, clean-up, or preventive measures)
33、of asbestos-containing material in any form, for any purpose whatsoever.3.2.8 visual inspection process, nthe activities before, during, and at the conclusion of a response action that are associatedwith detecting the presence of visible residue, dust and debris, or unremoved material and verifying
34、the absence thereof at thecompletion of a response action.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 asbestos, nthe asbestiform varieties of: chrysotile (serpentinite); crocidolite (riebeckite); amosite (cummingtonite-grunerite); anthophyllite; tremolite; and actinolite.3.3.2 accessibl
35、e location, na functional space or part thereof that can be inspected without requiring destructive testing orpresenting an unacceptable health or safety risk to the inspector, and where entry is not prohibited by security or other institutionalrestrictions.3.3.3 building asbestos survey, nan activi
36、ty to determine the presence, location, condition, and quantity of asbestos-containingmaterials in a building or facility, or on the property containing the building or facility.3.3.4 bulk sample, na sample of suspect asbestos-containing material collected for identification of asbestos and determin
37、ationof the percent of the components in the sample.3.3.5 concealed space, na location requiring destructive testing for penetration of a building or component surface forinspection and, if necessary, sampling of suspect material. Concealed spaces include, but are not limited to, cavities inside sof
38、fits,walls and chases, plenums above solid ceilings, sub-floor ducts and cable runs, and the interior of HVAC equipment.3.3.6 destructive testing, ninspection procedures that necessarily involve objectionable or noticeable damage to buildingsurfaces, or require penetration of a surface such as a wal
39、l, ceiling, chase, or shaft to gain access to a concealed space. Lifting aceiling tile or opening a hatch is not destructive testing.3.3.7 excluded area, na functional space or part thereof where entry is prohibited by security or other institutional restrictions.3.3.8 functional space, nan area wit
40、hin a building or facility that is used for a specific purpose. Examples include a warehousein a manufacturing plant and a conference room in an office building. A functional space can be vertical in extent, such as a pipechase, and span several floors.3.3.9 homogeneous area, nsurfacing material, th
41、ermal system insulation material, or miscellaneous material that is uniformin color and texture and apparent or known date of installation.3.3.10 laboratory, nan entity that is equipped and qualified to perform one or more of the following analyses, using approvedmethods: (1) identify and quantify a
42、sbestos in bulk samples by Polarized Light Microscopy, (2) identify and quantify asbestos inbulk samples by Transmission Electron Microscopy, and (3) identify and quantify airborne fibers with Phase Contrast Microscopy.3.3.11 limits of abatement, nan area where asbestos-related activities will be co
43、nducted before, during and at the conclusionof the project, that is contiguous with and includes the limits of construction for an associated renovation or demolition project.3.3.12 non-friable organically bound (NOB) materials, nmaterials that are not friable and that consist of fibers and otherpar
44、ticulate matter embedded in a solid matrix of asphaltic, vinyl or other organic substances.3.3.13 operations and maintenance (O specifically, the National Emission Standard forAsbestos (40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M)3.5.7 NOBNon-friable organically-bound3.5.8 OSHAU.S. Department of Labor, Occupational S
45、afety and Health Administration3.5.9 PPEPersonal Protective Equipment3.5.10 PLMPolarized Light Microscopy3.5.11 TEMTransmission Electron Microscopy3.5.12 VAIVermiculite Attic Insulation4. Significance and Use4.1 Management of asbestos-containing materials in buildings and facilities requires knowled
46、ge of the location, type, quantity,and condition of the material. The more complete and accurate the information available, the more appropriate and cost-effectiveare the control measures used to reduce possible exposure to airborne asbestos fibers. This is true whether the asbestos-containingmateri
47、als remain undisturbed and completely intact, are selectively removed for maintenance or prior to renovation, or are removedto the greatest extent feasible before demolishing the building or facility.4.2 This practice describes three types of surveys that support different objectives. These are the
48、Baseline Survey, the ProjectDesign Survey, and the Pre-Construction Survey.4.2.1 The Baseline Survey is a building-wide or facility-wide inspection that provides a general sense of the overall location,type, quantity, and condition of asbestos-containing materials present. It is thorough in that mos
49、t accessible functional spaces areinspected and bulk samples taken of suspect materials observed. The baseline survey provides information for long-termmanagement of asbestos-containing materials and prioritization of response actions. The presence of asbestos in suspect materialsmay be assumed or presumed in some cases without bulk samples being taken or analyzed. However, the baseline survey isunobtrusive in that samples are not taken where doing so would result in objectionable damage to surfaces or where institutionalbarriers preclud
