1、Designation: E2359/E2359M 13 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forField Pull Testing of an In-Place Exterior Insulation andFinish System Clad Wall Assembly1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2359/E2359M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof orig
2、inal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine theresistance
3、of a section of the exterior insulation and finishsystem (EIFS) to outward loads imposed on an existingexterior wall assembly that has been in place on the buildingfor an unspecified period of time. It is destructive in naturewithin the localized areas tested and requires appropriate repairof the EI
4、FS cladding and sheathing once the test procedure hasbeen completed. This test procedure utilizes mechanical meth-ods to obtain information, which may be helpful in evaluatingthe natural application of negative wind loads on the EIFSassembly. Some variability of results should be anticipatedwithin t
5、he wall assembly tested due to differences in installa-tion procedures, exposure, or abuse subsequent to application.1.2 This test method is suitable for use on cladding assem-blies that have been in place a short time (new construction), aswell as for longer periods in order to evaluate detrimental
6、effects on the EIFS lamina, insulation attachment, substrateintegrity, and attachments after exposure to weather and otherenvironmental conditions. It is not intended to evaluate theperformance of structural framing. Test results on any particu-lar building may be highly variable depending on specim
7、enlocation and condition, and are subject to interpretation by thetest specifier.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of t
8、he other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations, or equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user o
9、f this standard to establishappropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and todetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.NOTE 1Due to variations in exposure and construction assemblies,field specimens selected for testing utilizing this test method mayexperience su
10、dden failure and release of the imposed loads. See Note 7 forfurther information.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides
11、 and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-terialsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE2110 Terminology for Exterior Insulation and Fini
12、sh Sys-tems (EIFS)E2128 Guide for Evaluating Water Leakage of BuildingWalls2.2 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE):3SEI/ASCE 7-05, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings andOther Structures3. Terminology3.1 For general terminology regarding EIFS and building ingeneral, see Terminology E2110 (for
13、EIFS terms) and Termi-nology E631 (for buildings in general).3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 face delamination, nfailure mode by which the faceof the sheathing loses bond or delaminates from the sheathingcore, either partially or fully.1This test method is under the jurisdic
14、tion of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.58on Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS).Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2359/
15、E2359M13.DOI: 10.1520/E2359_E2359M13R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Ameri
16、can Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized
17、 principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.2 fastener pull-out from stud, nfailure mode by whichfastener rel
18、eases from the substrate.3.2.3 fastener pull-through, nfailure mode by which thehead of the fastener pulls through the sheathing, insulation, orsubstrate.3.2.4 lamina release, nfailure mode by which the EIFSbase coat and finish coat release their bond to the underlyingthermal insulation board layer.
19、3.2.5 thermal insulation board failure, ncohesive failurewithin the thermal insulation board.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this test method is to assess the instal-lation adequacy and the overall effects of service-relateddeterioration (moisture, etc.) on the EIFS wall assembly asopposed
20、 to small localized areas of degradation. Resistance topull testing as determined by this test is used as one of thefactors in evaluating the EIFS assembly on a specific project.The values obtained by this test method are not purported to berepresentative of the actual wind load capacity or otherstr
21、uctural properties of a specific EIFS clad wall installation,but may be helpful in assessing such load capacities.4.2 Since this test is used for field evaluation of existingfacilities, load results obtained from this test must be inter-preted based on sound engineering practice, applicable build-in
22、g regulations, and codes having jurisdiction. It is the discre-tion of the test specifier to directly utilize the results derived bythis test method, or else to utilize the test results with anappropriate factor of safety to obtain acceptable working loadsfor each project.4.3 This method is intended
23、 for use on test specimensoccurring or installed on existing buildings. The loss ofoutward wind load resistance of an EIFS wall assembly afterexposure to moisture and other weather conditions may com-promise the ability of the cladding or other wall components toperform adequately in place. This tes
24、t method does not provideany means by which the test results may be generalized to thelarger wall area. Such efforts should be based on experienceand engineering judgement.4.4 The manner in which the test load is applied may affectthe load capacity obtained from using this test method. Adiscussion o
25、f various load application techniques and theireffects is given in Appendix X1.5. Apparatus5.1 Electronic rebar locator or metal detector sensitiveenough to locate metal studs or fasteners of the underlyingstructural framing through the EIFS assembly.5.2 Pull test frame fabricated from metal or wood
26、, asrequired, with capability of applying a concentric pull force tothe test module and distributing reaction force on adjacent wallcomponents. Pull test frame shall be provided, as a minimum,with a worm-gear winch and a nylon strap or wire rope capableof applying load to test module in controlled m
27、anner withincrementally increasing load intensities. Alternative means ofapplying a consistent load using electro-servo motors orhydraulic units are also acceptable, provided they are capableof applying consistent, uniform load. It is intended that the pulltest frame be easily transportable and relo
28、cated so that it can bereadily used on saw-horses, scaffolding, or a swing-stage. Anexample of an acceptable test frame is shown in Fig. 1.5.3 Electronic load cell with digital force gage having acapacity of at least 4450 N 1000 lbf., and an accuracy of62%.5.4 610 mm by 610 mm 24 in. by 24 in. woode
29、n pull testmodules comprised of 19 mm 34 in. thick plywood bondingpanels (one for each specimen intended for testing), and one 19mm 34 in. thick plywood bolting panel, which is moved fromspecimen-to-specimen. As each specimen is prepared fortesting the bonding panels and bolting panels shall be fast
30、enedtogether using twelve (12) 5.5 mm (#12) or 0.215 in.)diameter by 38 mm 112 in. long wood screws or lag boltsinstalled in a prescribed pattern. See Figs. 2-5. Adhere one 19mm 34 in. thick bonding panel to the surface of the EIFS inplace at each specimen location. For testing purposes, tempo-raril
31、y fasten the bolting panel at each adhered bonding plate insuccession with appropriate hardware, immediately prior totesting.NOTE 2Screw hole locations for both the bonding panels and thebolting panel must align for proper attachment; use bolting panel as adrilling template to achieve consistent scr
32、ew locations and alignment onall bonding panels.5.5 Miscellaneous bolts and connection hardware.6. Test Specimen6.1 Sampling locations and number of specimens shall bespecified by the user. Primarily, this test method is intended toimplement qualitative evaluation techniques that lead to anaccumulat
33、ion of information in an orderly and efficient mannerin accordance with procedures prescribed within Guide E2128.If a hybrid method using a combination of qualitative andquantitative evaluation techniques is desired by the testspecifier, then a random number generator method may beutilized to establ
34、ish locations of test specimens required torepresent the entire building population. Include additional testspecimens at locations of suspected or potential problems, suchas below window corners, at wall base, and so forth.NOTE 3For the hybrid method using a combination of qualitative andquantitativ
35、e evaluation techniques, a selection method based on PracticeD3665 may be utilized for this purpose.6.2 Locate metal studs within wall system (or else fastenerheads at wood-framed system) using rebar locator or metaldetector, and determine elevation or height of the specimen.6.3 For stud spacing les
36、s than 610 mm 24 in. (on center),mark 610 mm by 610 mm 24 in. by 24 in. outline on thesurface of EIFS that is centered over two adjacent studs. Forstud spacing 610 mm 24 in. and greater, mark an outline onthe EIFS surface that is 610 mm 24 in. high and with a widthequal to the stud spacing plus 75 m
37、m 3 in., which is centeredover two adjacent studs. If foam fasteners are present orsuspected within the EIFS clad wall assembly, locate the headsof foam fasteners using a rebar locator, then arrange bondingpanel in manner that evenly distributes the load across the testE2359/E2359M 13 (2018)2FIG. 1
38、Pull Test FrameE2359/E2359M 13 (2018)3specimen and mark the outline on the EIFS surface. At eachoutline marked on the wall, carefully cut through the EIFSlamina, thermal insulation board, and sheathing substrate,being careful to avoid excessive vibration during specimenpreparation that may adversely
39、 affect test results. Effortsshould also be made to avoid cutting or damaging the wallstuds.NOTE 4For EIFS cladding applied directly to a masonry substrate,saw blade depth should be set to extend 3 mm 18 in. to 6 mm 14 in. intothe masonry.6.4 Adhere one 19-mm 34-in. thick, 610 mm 24 in.square plywoo
40、d bonding panel to the previously cut EIFSsurface (centered) at designated test location using polyesteradhesive, adhesive expanding foam, or quick-reaction epoxycement; temporarily support test module in place on the wall asrequired. Allow an adequate time for curing of the adhesiveconsidering effe
41、ct of temperature on cure time of adhesive.NOTE 5Alternative adhesives may be used that are not detrimental tothe lamina or underlying foam insulation system.7. Procedure7.1 Obtain information regarding the cladding assemblydesign wind pressure (DWP) utilized during original construc-tion of the bui
42、lding, or else otherwise determine an appropriatecladding DWP for comparative purposes using local buildingcodes or SEI/ASCE 7-05 analytical procedures. Establishinitial load at approximately ten percent (10 %) of claddingdesign wind pressure.FIG. 2 Bonding panelFIG. 3 Bolting PanelFIG. 4 Plywood As
43、semblyFIG. 5 Detail of Bonding and Bolting Panel with Bolt in CenterHoleE2359/E2359M 13 (2018)47.2 Align the bolting panel, with appropriate pull hardwareinserted through center hole, onto the previously adheredbonding panel and securely fasten bolting panel to bondingpanel with prescribed screws or
44、 lag bolts.NOTE 6If required, replace previously used screws with fresh ones asPhillips head slots become worn or damaged.7.3 Place bearing plates of pull test frame on wall and centerover previously adhered bonding panel with bolting panelattached. Fasten wire rope attachment hardware to the testmo
45、dule hardware, with load cell mounted in-line with pullforce mechanism in a manner that will measure force loads.See Fig. 6.NOTE 7Use saw-horse, scaffolding deck, or swing-stage rails totemporarily support pull test frame until sufficient load is achieved tomake test frame self-supporting. Be prepar
46、ed to re-establish temporarysupport at end of test, or in case of sudden failure of test specimen.7.4 Apply previously determined initial load to test moduleas required to hold pull test frame in place and hold for oneminute. Record load from force gage at beginning of load stepand at end of load st
47、ep, prior to going to next load.7.5 Continue test by applying increasingly higher steppedloadings corresponding to approximately 10 % of the finaldesign wind pressure until the wall assembly fails. Steppedloading increments shall be held for one minute, and loadsfrom force gage recorded at beginning
48、 of load step and at endof load step immediately prior to going to next load. Often thespecimen may fail transitioning from one sustained load to thenext higher step loading increment.NOTE 8Once the next load increment is applied, it is common for theload to begin to slowly decrease, due to deformat
49、ion of thermal insulationboard and elongation of test hardware.NOTE 9For EIFS cladding applied directly to a masonry substrate,adhesion of the lamina to the foam or foam to the masonry may exceed thecapacity of the load cell and force gage. If during load application themaximum capacity of the load measurement device is approached, theload should be temporarily released and the measuring device removed toavoid damage to the unit. A decision should be made by the test specifierwhether to retain the specimen on the wall and re
